Healthcare Statistics Chapters 1-7 Midterm

ratio

A calculation found by dividing one quantity by another; also, a general term that can include a number of specific measures such as proportion, percentage and rate.

Intrahospital transfer

A change in medical care unit, medical staff unit, or responsible physician during hospitalization

Nursing facility

A comprehensive term for long-term care facilities that provide nursing care and related services for residents requiring medical, nursing, or rehabilitative care.

Observation Patient

"A patient who presents with a medical condition with a significant degree of instability and disability and who needs to be monitored, evaluated, and assessed to determine whether he or she should be admitted for inpatient care or discharged for care in another setting"

Newborn bassinet count day

"A unit of measure that denotes the presence of one newborn bassinet, either occupied or vacant, set up and staffed for use in one 24-hour period"

Hospital autopsy

- A postmortem (after-death) examination performed on the body of a patient who died during an inpatient hospitalization by the hospital pathologist or a physician of the medical staff who has been delegated the responsibility.

13. Utilization management

- A program that evaluates the healthcare facility's efficiency in providing necessary care to patients in the most effective manner.

10. length of stay

- LOS, The number of patient days for an inpatient episode, calculated by subtracting the date of admission from the date of discharge. (Exception, if admission and discharge are the same day, the length of stay is 1 day.)

Hospital newborn bassinet

-The number of available hospital newborn bassinets, both occupied and vacant, on any given day

Total inpatient service days

-The sum of all inpatient service days for each of the days during a specified period of time.

Recapitulation

A concise summary of data

Coroner's case

A death that appears to be suspicious and requires action from the coroner to determine the cause of death

A piece of information representing the truth is called which of the following?

A fact

CDC

A group of federal agencies that oversees health promotion and disease control and prevention activities in the United States.

Late fetal death length of gestation

28 weeks completed gestation

Intermediate Fetal Death weight

500_1000 grams

The inpatient census at midnight is 67. Two patients were admitted in the morning; one died 2 hours later; the second patient was transferred to another facility that same afternoon. The inpatient service days for that day will be A. 65. B. 67. C. 68. D. 69.

A

WHO

A United Nations agency that works to improve health throughout the world.

Swing bed hospital

A hospital in which the hospital participating in Medicare has approval to provide post-hospital skilled care, the hospital can use its beds for either acute care or skilled nursing care as needed.

rate

A measure used to compare an event over time; a comparison of the number of times an event did happen (numerator) with the number of times an event could have happened (denominator)

Complication

A medication condition that arises during an inpatient hospitalization (for example, a postoperative wound infection)

NCHS

A part of the CDC that has developed standards and procedures for the consistent collection of data

Inpatient

A patient who is provided with room, board, and continuous general nursing services in an area of an acute care facility where patients generally stay at least overnight

Hospital inpatient autopsy

A postmortem (after-death) examination performed on the body of a patient who died during an inpatient hospitalization by the hospital pathologist or a physician of the medical staff who has been delegated the responsibility

Fetal Death Rate

A proportion that compares the number of intermediate and/or late fetal deaths to the total number of live births and intermediate or late fetal deaths during the same period of time

Coroner

A public officer whose principal duty is to inquire via an inquest into the cause of any death that there is reason to suppose is not due to natural causes

Medical examiner

A public officer whose principal duty is to inquire via an inquest into the cause of any death that there is reason to suppose is not due to natural causes.

mortality

A rate that measures the risk of death for the cause under study in a defined population during a given time period

Visit

A single encounter with a healthcare professional that includes all of the services supplied during the encounter

Available for hospital autopsy

A situation in which the required conditions have been met to allow an autopsy to be performed on a hospital patient who has died

Certificate of Need

A state-directed program that requires healthcare facilities to submit detailed plans and justifications for the purchase of new equipment, new buildings, or new service offerings that cost in excess of a certain amount

Inpatient occupancy rate

A synonymous term for the proportion of beds occupied, defined as the ratio of inpatient service days to bed count days for a specified period of time.

Complete master census

A total census for a facility showing the names and locations of patients present in the hospital at a particular point in time.

MCO

A type of healthcare organization that delivers medical care and manages all aspects of the care or the payment for care by limiting providers of care, discounting payment to providers of care or limiting access to care.

Bed count day

A unit of measure denoting the presence of one inpatient bed, whether or not is occupied, set up and staffed for use in one 24-hour period.

Inpatient service day

A unit of measure equivalent to the services received by one inpatient during one 24-hour period

Patient day

A unit of measure equivalent to the services received by one inpatient during one 24-hour period

Percentage

A value computed on the basis of the whole divided into 100 parts

The agency that tries to make healthcare, of higher quality and more accessible, equitable and affordable is

AHRQ

AHRQ

Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality-An agency within the Department of Health and Human Services whose mission is to produce evidence to make healthcare safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable and affordable and to work within the US Department of Health and Human services and with other partners to make sure that the evidence is understood and used.

Bed count

Also called an inpatient bed count is the number of available hospital inpatient beds, both occupied and vacant, on any given day.

Facilities may choose to pursue accreditation for their cancer registries with the

American College of Surgeons

Inpatient admission

An acute care facility's formal acceptance of a patient who is to be provided with room, board, and continuous nursing service in an area of the facility where patients generally stay at least overnight

perinatal death rate

An all-inclusive term that refers to both stillborn infants and neonatal deaths.

NB

An inpatient who was born in a hospital at the beginning of the current inpatient hospitalization.

Hospice

An interdisciplinary program of palliative care and supportive services that addresses the physical, spiritual, social and economic needs of terminally ill patients and their families.

Hospice

An interdisciplinary program of palliative care and supportive services that addresses the physical, spiritual, social, and economic needs of terminally ill patients and their families

PCU

An organizational entity of a healthcare facility organized both physically and functionally to provide care

Whole number

Any of the set of nonnegative integers

surgical procedure

Any single, separate, systematic process upon or within the body that can be complete in itself; is normally performed by a physician, dentist, or other licensed practitioner; can be performed with or without instruments; and is performed to restore disunited or deficient parts, remove diseased or injured tissues, extract foreign matter, assist in obstetrical delivery, or aid in diagnosis.

The division of the HHS that is responsible for developing healthcare policy in the United States is the

CMS

Reliable

Consistency in the results

Which of the following are unprocessed facts & figures?

Data

Secondary Data Source

Data derived from the primary patient record, such as an index or database

Secondary data source

Data derived from the primary patient record, such as an index or database

Vital statistics

Data related to births, deaths, marriages, and fetal deaths

vital statistics

Data related to births, deaths, marriages, and fetal deaths

Bed capacity

Denotes the number of beds that a facility has been designed and constructed to contain.

True or False: The inpatient census always be performed at midnight.

False

True/False: Third-party payers are not really interested in healthcare statistics.

False

maternal death rate

For a hospital, the total number of maternal deaths directly related to pregnancy for a given time period divided by the total number of obstetrical discharges for the same time period; for a community, the total number of deaths attributed to maternal conditions during a given time period in a specific geographic area divided by the total number of live births for the same time period in the same area

Intermediate Fetal Death length of gestation

Greater or equal to 20 weeks and less than 28 weeks completed

Late fetal death weight

Greater than 1000

HH

Home Health - An umbrella term that refers to the medical and nonmedical services provided to patients and their families in their places of residence; also called home health care.

Home healthcare

Home healthcare is healthcare that is provided by a home health agency and occurs within one's home.

Which user of statistics has the primary job of supporting terminally ill patients and their families?

Hospice

Which user of statistics has the primary job of supporting terminally ill patients and their families? a. Home health agencies b. Nursing facilities c. Hospice d. MCOs

Hospice

A healthcare organization that delivers medical care and manages all aspects of the care or the payment for care by limiting providers of care, discounting payment to providers of care, or limiting access to care is called a

MCO

Hospital Live Birth

In an inpatient facility, the complete expulsion or extraction of a product of human conception from the mother, regardless of the duration of pregnancy, which after such expulsion or extraction, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles

6. Daily inpatient census

Includes the number of inpatients present at the census-taking time each day and any inpatients who were both admitted after the previous census-taking time and discharged before the next census taking time.

inpatient census

Indicates the number of patients present in the healthcare facility at a particular point in time.

Which of the following applies to a unit of service received by one inpatient in one 24-hour period?

Inpatient Service Days

Census day

Inpatient day is the correct term referred to this. It is also know as patient day, inpatient day and bed occupancy day.

7. Hospitalization

It refers to the period of time in an individual's life when he or she is a patient in a single hospital without interruption except by possible intervening leaves of absence.

Early Fetal Death Weight

Less than or equal to 500 grams

Inpatient bed count

Number of available hospital inpatient both occupied and vacant on any given day.

Decimal

Numbered or proceeding by tens; based on the number 10; expressed in or utilizing a decimal system, especially with a decimal point

prepartum

Occurring prior to childbirth

Fraction

One or more parts of the whole

surgical operation

One or more surgical procedures performed at one time for one patient via a common approach or for a common purpose.

Ambulatory Care

Preventive or corrective healthcare services provided on a nonresident basis in a provider's office, clinic setting, or hospital outpatient setting

Ambulatory Care Facility

Preventive or corrective healthcare services provided on a nonresidential basis in a provider's office, clinic setting or hospital outpatient setting.

Primary Data Source

Record developed by healthcare professionals in the process of providing patient care

Hospital inpatient beds

Refer to accommodations for the patient, including supporting services such as food, laundry and housekeeping for hospital inpatients.

Bed turnover rate

Refers to the number of times a bed, on average changes occupants during a given period of time or the average number of admissions per bed per time period.

Total bed count days

Refers to the sum of inpatient bed count days for each of the days in the period under consideration.

Discharge Days

Same as length of stay or total length of stay.

inferential statistics

Statistics that are used to make inferences from a smaller group of data to a larger one.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistics that describe populations

Define descriptive statistics

Statistics that describes populations

Leave of absence

The authorized absence of an inpatient from a hospital or other facility for a specified period of time occurring after admission and prior to discharge

8. Leave of absence

The authorized absence of an inpatient from a hospital or other facility for a specified period of time occurring after admission and prior to discharge.

Stillbirth

The birth of a fetus, regardless of gestational age, that shows no evidence of life (such as heartbeats or respirations)after completed expulsion or extraction from the mother during childbirth.

Admission Date

The date a patient was admitted for inpatient care, outpatient service, or start of care.

Infant death

The death of a live-born infant at any time from the moment of birth to the end of the first year of life (364 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes from the moment of birth)

Newborn death

The death of a liveborn infant born in the hospital who later dies during the same admission.

Neonatal death

The death of a liveborn infant within the first 27 days, 23 hours, and 59 minutes following the moment of birth.

Fetal Death

The death of a product of human conception before its completed expulsion or extraction from the mother regardless of the duration of the pregnancy; also called stillborn

Late fetal death

The death of a product of human conception that is 28 weeks or more of gestation and weighs 1,001 grams or more before its complete expulsion or extraction from the mother

Early Fetal death

The death of a product of human conception that is fewer than 20 weeks of gestation and 500 grams or less in weight before its complete expulsion or extraction from the mother

maternal death

The death of any woman, from any cause, related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (regardless of duration or site of pregnancy), but not from accidental or incidental causes

intermediate fetal death

The death of the product of human conception before its complete expulsion or extraction from the mother that has completed 20 weeks of gestation (but less than 28 weeks) and weighs 501 to 1000 grams

Emergency services department

The department of a hospital responsible for the provision of medical and surgical care to patients arriving at the hospital in need of immediate care. The emergency department is also called emergency room or ER.

Encounter

The direct personal contact between a patient and a physician or other person authorized by state licensure law and, if applicable, by medical staff bylaws to order or furnish healthcare services for the diagnosis or treatment of the patient.

CMS

The division of the Department of Health and Human Services that is responsible for developing healthcare policy in the United States and for administering the Medicare program and the federal portion of the Medicaid program; called the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) prior to 2001.

CMS

The division of the Department of Health and Human Services that is responsible for developing heatlhcare policy in the United States and for administering the Medicare program and the federal portion of the Medicaid program

3. Average length of stay

The mean length of stay for hospital inpatients discharged during a given period of time, ALOS.

Average duration of hospitalization

The mean length of stay for hospital inpatients discharged during a given period of time.

Average daily inpatient census

The mean number of hospital inpatients present in the hospital each day for a given period of time

Calculation of inpatient service days

The measurement of services received by all inpatients in one 24-hour period (the time between the census-taking hours on two successive days). The usual reporting period begins at 12:01 a.m. and ends at 12:00 a.m. (midnight) Moreover, one patient day must be counted for each inpatient admitted and discharged on the same day between two successive census-taking hours.

Fetal autopsy rate

The number of autopsies performed on intermediate and late fetal deaths for a given time period divided by the total number of intermediate and late fetal deaths for the same time period.

Newborn autopsy rate

The number of autopsies performed on newborns who died during a given time period divided by the total number of newborns who died during the same time period.

Newborn bassinet count

The number of available hospital newborn bassinets, both occupied and vacant, on any given day.

Gross autopsy rate

The number of inpatient autopsies conducted during a given time period divided by the total number of inpatient discharges, including deaths, for the same time period

Hospital Death Rate

The number of inpatient deaths for a given period of time divided by the total number of live discharges and deaths for the same time period

Gross Death Rate

The number of inpatient deaths that occurred during a given time period divided by the total number of inpatient discharges, including deaths, for the same time period

Census

The number of inpatients present in a healthcare facility at any given time

Inpatient census

The number of inpatients present in a healthcare facility at any given time

quotient

The number resulting from the division of one number by another

Denominator

The part of a fraction below the line signifying division that functions as the divisor of the numerator and, in fractions with 1 as the numerator, indicates how many parts the unit is divided.

Morgue

The place where the bodies of persons who have died are kept until identified and claimed by relatives for burial. 17. Necropsy - The postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions (autopsy).

Postmorderm examination

The postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions.

Autopsy

The postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death to determine the cause of the death or pathological conditions.

Rounding

The process of approximating a number

Occupancy percent

The proportion of beds occupied, defined as the ratio of inpatient service days to bed count days during a specified period of time

Occupancy ratio

The proportion of beds occupied, defined as the ratio of inpatient service days to bed count days during a specified period of time.

Bed occupancy ratio

The proportion of beds occupied, defined as the ratio of inpatient service days to bed count days for a specified period of time.

Adjusted hospital autopsy

The proportion of hospital autopsies performed following the deaths of patients whose bodies are available for autopsy

Cancer Mortality

The proportion of patients who die from cancer

Autopsy rate

The proportion or percentage of deaths in a healthcare organization that are followed by the performance of an autopsy

Anesthesia Death rate

The ratio of deaths caused by anesthetic agents to the number of anesthetics administered during a specified time period

Surgical death rate

The ratio of deaths within 10 days after surgery to the total number of operations performed during a specified period of time

postoperative death rate

The ratio of deaths within 10 days after surgery to the total number of operations performed during a specified period of time

Net autopsy rate

The ratio of inpatient autopsies compared to inpatient deaths calculated by dividing the total number of inpatient autopsies performed by the hospital pathologist for a given time period by the total number of inpatient deaths minus unautopsied coroners' or medical examiners' cases for the same time period

Proportion

The relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity or degree

12. Total Length of stay

The sum of the days' of stay of any group of inpatients discharged during a specified period of time.

Hospital autopsy rate

The total number of autopsies performed by a hospital pathologist for a given time period divided by the number of deaths of hospital patients (inpatients & outpatients) whose bodies were available for autopsy at the same time period.

case fatality rate

The total number of deaths due to a specific illness during a given time period divided by the total number of cases during the same period.

Percentage of Occupancy

The total number of inpatient service days for a given period divided by the total number of inpatient bed count days for the same time period.

Percent of Occupancy

The total number of inpatient service days for a given time period divided by the total number of inpatient bed count days for the same time period

Duration of inpatient hospitalization

The total number of patient days for an inpatient episode, calculated by subtracting the date of admission form the date of discharge

7. Inpatient days of stay

The total number of patient days for an inpatient episode, calculated by subtracting the date of admission form the date of discharge.

Net death rate

The total number of patient days for an inpatient episode, calculated by subtracting the date of admission from the date of discharge.

Outpatient

The type of patient who receives care in a hospital-based clinic or department

Average

The value obtained by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the number of values.

Days of stay

The year, month and day that an inpatient was formally released from the hospital and room, board, and continuous nursing services were terminated.

Calculation of transfers

This calculation occurs on the PCU census. Transfers in and out of the unit are shown as subdivisions of patients admitted to and discharged from the unit.

Relevant

To be applicable

True/False: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is the lead agency responsible for protecting the health of the U.S. population

True

Vital statistics are a primary data source for information. a. True b. False

True

Inpatient discharges include

Transfers to other healthcare facilities Sending the patient home Deaths

An international organization founded by the UN that is the directing and coordinating authority on international health is called the

WHO

11. Military time

a 24-hour time cycle that counts the hours of the day from 0000 (12:00 AM) to 2359( 11:59 PM); it is the time-keeping method used by most health care institutions.

Statistics

a branch of mathematics concerned with collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data

Sample

a small part or subset of a larger group of data (population)

To be reliable, statistical information must: a. have some consistency. b. be applicable to what is being measured. c. be collected from one source only. d. have multiple meanings. b. False

a. have some consistency.

Which of the following is considered a primary source of data? a. inpatient census b. vital statistics collected by the NCHS c. health record d. a,b, and c e. b and c only

a. inpatient census b. vital statistics collected by the NCHS c. health record

What is the correct sequence to go from obtaining knowledge to the use of that knowledge for decision making? a. Knowledge → Data → Information → Facts → Improved understanding → Better decision making b. Data → Information → Facts → Improved understanding → Better decision making c. Data → Information → Facts → Statistics → Improved understanding → Better decision making d. Information → Facts → Data → Improved understanding → Better decision making

b. Data → Information → Facts → Improved understanding → Better decision making

In order to be useful, the figures used in statistics must be: a. fair and exact. b. relevant and reliable. c. honest and justified. d. simple and clear.

b. relevant and reliable

Which of the following is considered to be a primary source of information? a. The inpatient census b. Vital statistics collected by the NCHS c. The health record d. All of the above e. b and c only

d. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a primary source of statistics? a. Health record b. Vital statistics c. Hospital census d. Disease and operation index

d. Disease and operation index

The CDC is the lead agency that: a. accredits and licenses acute hospital facilities in the United States. b. is responsible for providing vital statistics to various agencies, such as the NCHS. c. develops and updates ICD-10 for the world.

d. is responsible for protecting the health of the people of the United States.

The CDC is the lead agency that: a. accredits and licenses acute hospital facilities in the United States. b. is responsible for providing vital statistics to various agencies, such as the NCHS. c. develops and updates ICD-10 for the world. d. is responsible for protecting the health of the people of the United States.

d. is responsible for protecting the health of the people of the United States.

The National Center for Health Statistics keeps statistics on: a. the licensing information on all healthcare providers in the 50 states. b. cancer and other deadly diseases in the 50 states and the US-owned six territories. c. vital statistics, such as births, deaths, and fetal deaths in North America. d. vital statistics, such as births, deaths, and fetal deaths in the 50 states and the US-owned territories.

d. vital statistics, such as births, deaths, and fetal deaths in the 50 states and the US-owned territories.

The NCHS keeps statistics on

d. vital statistics, such as births, deaths, and fetal deaths, in the 50 states and the US owned territories

Which of the following is not a primary source of statistics?

disease and operation index

Descriptive statistics make inferences or a best guess about a larger group of data by drawing conclusions from smaller group of data. a. True b. False

false

True/False: The health record is considered a source of secondary data.

false

To be reliable, statistical data must

have some consistency

The type of statistics that makes inferences or a best guess about a larger group of data by drawing conclusions about a smaller group.

inferential statistics

Early fetal death length of gestation

less than 20 weeks

postpartum

occurring after childbirth

The type of patient who receives care in a hospital-based clinic or department is called an

outpatient

Descriptive Stats

purpose is to organize and describe the features of data in a study. they tell us info about a particular population

inferential stats

refers to the record that was developed by healthcare professionals in the process of providing care - first hand documents

inferential statistics

statistics that are used to make inferences from a smaller groups of data to a large one.

Mean

the average value of a group of numbers

DOA

the condition of a patient who arrives at a healthcare facility with no signs of life and who was pronounced dead by a physician.

A secondary source of data includes

the operation index

Numerator

the part of a fraction that is above the line and signifies the number to be divided by the denominator

A secondary data source includes______________

the physician's index

In order to be useful, the figures used in statistics must be:

valid and reliable