Hearing kaitlyn

4. If a doubling of energy is 3 dB, and a subject's threshold (in power) was 20 dB SPL for a 50-msec tone, what would be her threshold in terms of Power for a 100-msec tone if energy remained constant

17 dB SPL (20-3=17)

If the traveling wave is delayed .25 msec at the place where 2000 Hz provides the maximum displacement, which is the appropriate phase shift of the traveling wave envelope at this point?:

180o

Question 1 ** What is a phon?

A measure of loudness

Question 1: What is the dynamic range of hearing?

A) From the softest sound one can detect to the loudness sound one can tolerate

** A "tip link" is:

B. The connections between stereocilla.

Question 2: ** What is the approximate Weber Fraction for intensity discrimination?

C) 1 dB

Question 1: If there is a 0.5 msec Interaural Time Difference for a 1000-Hz tone, what is the Interaural Phase Difference?

C) 180 degrees

Question 2: What is the approximation frequency range for the Peak of the total outer-ear canal resonance?

C) 2000-6000 Hz

Question 1: What is not a path by which sound can reach the inner ear?

C) Cheek Bone

18. ** The fact that azimuth localization is based on one set of interaural cues for low frequencies and another set for high frequencies is referred to as:

C) Duplex Theory of Localization

Question 2: ** The Eustachian tube helps solve what problem:

C) Keeping equal pressure on each side of the Tympanic membrane

1. ** What is plotted on a psychometric function (most appropriate answer)?

C) Measure of performance as a function of a physical value of the stimulus

What is the major difference between TTS and PTS?

C) One is permanent, the other is temporary

33. What is the likely pitch of this complex sound: the mixture of 450, 600, 750, and 900 Hz?

D. 150 Hz

4. ** Which is not part of the auditory brainstem?:

D. Auditory Cortex

2. Which is the proper analogy?

D. Inertia to a Moving Mass, Elasticity to Spring

28) At what level do neural fibers from both auditory nerves first interact?:

D. Oilvary Complex

18) ** If Outer Hair Cells were destroyed:

D. One would lose a lot of their sensitivity to sound and their acute ability to discriminate one frequency from another

29) ** What role does the MSO play?:

D. Process interaural time differences

14. Which is a bandpass filter?

D. The amplitude of sounds with frequencies greater than 2000 Hz and less than 200 Hz are attenuate.

20) The OAE is probably caused by:

D. The motility of the outer hair cells

6. ** Definition of period is:

D. Time to complete one cycle of vibration

28. What is plotted on the Y-axis (vertical axis) of a spectrogram?

Frequency

12. Which is a gas law?

Gases evenly fill the space they occupy

16. ** If the speed of sound increases and the frequency of vibration remains the same, does the wavelength?

Increase

20. ** If the length of a tube decreases, the frequency of a standing wave within the tube will:

Increase

CF Frequency on a Tuning curve-

Lowest point on the V

If the Bandwidth of a noise is BW, Total Power is TP, and Spectrum Level is No, what is the equation for No?

No=TP/BW [TP=No x BW) TP is like an area and No the height and BW the width

What is a semitone?

One 12th of an octave in log steps

** What are the two graphs used to describe a sound in the Frequency Domain?

Phase Spectrum and Amplitude Spectrum

16. ** What is the primary acoustic effect that leads to ILD being the best cue at high frequencies?

Sound Shadow

8. What are the figures used to describe sound in the frequency domain?

Spectra

4. ** If a sound is short is the amplitude spectrum likely to be:

Spread out in frequency

22. ** What describes loudness recruitment?

Steep growth of loudness

What is the most likely neural code for complex pitch?

Temporal-Fine Structure code

** Which is a low-pass filter?

The amplitude of sinusoidal components with frequencies above 2500 Hz are attenuated

V GRAPH is what?

Tuning curve

Sound Pressure changes when which of these variables changes?

Velocity of the gas (air molecules) Pressure is proportional to density and velocity (or acceleration)

Question 2: Which is not true?

***********A) Most afferent auditory nerve fibers innervate the outer hair cells B) Most afferent auditory nerve fibers innervate the inner hair cells C) There are both efferent and afferent fibers in the inner ear D) An individual inner hair cell may be innervated by 10-20 afferent auditory nerve fibers

Question 2: Which is not an OAE:

**********A) Inner Hair Induced OAE B) Sponateneous OAE C) Transient Evoked OAE D) Distortion Product OAE

2. Which is not a Classic Objective Psychophysical Method?

**********A) Theory of Signal Detection B) Method of Limits C) Method of Adjustment D) Method of Constant Stimuli

Question 1 :Which is not a type of cell likely to be found in the CANS

*******A) Fast Cell B) On-Off cell C) Chopper cell D) Tonic cell

14. ** If a sewing machine produces a sound pressure of 50,000 micropascal and the threshold of hearing is 50 micropascals, how many dB more pressure does the sewing machine produce above the threshold of hearing?

. 60 dB

29. The standing wave generated in a tube like the ear canal can also produce:

. A resonance

22. ** A complex sound is best described as:

. Is the sum of simple, sinusoidal sounds

1. ** What provides for the metabolic energy for the inner ear?

. Stria Vascularis

16. If Sam can detect a 10-Hz change in a 500-Hz tone, what is his Weber Fraction for frequency discrimination?

.02 (10 Hz)/500 Hz)

9. If a subject can just discriminate the difference in duration between a 50 msec and a 55 msec sound, what is the Weber Fraction for this temporal discrimination?

.1 ((55-50)=5; 5/50=.1

: ** If a sounds Frequency (f) is 3500 Hz, and the Speed of Sound (c) is 350 meters/sec, what is the sound's Wavelength (λ)?

.1 meter (λ=c/f = 350m/sec/3500 Hz) = .1

17. If Mary can just tell the difference between a 50-dB and a 50.75-dB tone at 1000 Hz, what is the just noticeable difference (jnd) in intensity (in dB)?

.75 dB (50.75-50)

1. ** What is the period in msec of a 2000-Hz tone?_________

0.5 msec

7. In which case might it be harder to pick out words in a sentence; a room with a .5 sec Reverberation time or a 1.5 sec Reverberation time?

1.5 sec

6. ** I buy a new audio system whose loudspeakers produce 10 dB more power than my old system and loudspeakers. By what factor (ratio), does the new system and loudspeakers increase the sound power over my old system and loudspeakers?

10

14. In order to maintain constant energy, how much would my threshold change in decibels if the duration of a tone was decreased by a factor (ratio) of 10?

10 dB (10Log(10))

What is the frequency of the Standard Tone used to determine Phons (Equal Loudness contours)?

1000 Hz

6. Mary has a 20-dB hearing loss compared to Sam, what is the ratio of the sound pressures?

10_________(20dB=20log(10))______

If a sound consists of the following spectral components: 250 Hz, 375 Hz, 500 Hz, and 625 Hz, what is likely to be the perceived pitch in Hertz?

125 Hz

26. If the phase of the cancellation tone required to cancel the perception of a 700-Hz cubic-difference tone is 50o, what is the estimated phase of this 800-Hz cubic-difference tone?

130o

23. ** In using the cancellation method to determine the frequency, intensity, and starting phase of a cubic-difference tone, the cubic-difference tone was cancelled when the level of the cancellation tone was 15 dB SPL and the level of the two primaries (f1 and f2) were 50 dB SPL, what is the estimated level of the cubic-difference tone?

15 dB SPL

24. ** Which is the most accurate statement?

1600 Hz is the 4th harmonic of 400 Hz and the 1st octave of 800 Hz

8. How many decibels (dB) does energy (E) change if power (P) remains constant and a sound's duration (T) increases by a factor of 100?

20 dB (10log(100)=20)

* If the period of a sinwave is 5 msec, what is its frequency?

200 Hz (1000/5)

24. If one tone (f1) has a frequency of 600 Hz and another tone has a frequency (f2) of 1000 Hz, what is the frequency of the cubic-difference tone?:

200 Hz (2*600-1000 = 200)

10. ** What is the 3rd octave of a 250-Hz fundamental

2000 Hz

** What is a decibel (dB)?

20log(p/po) = 20 log the ratio of two pressures (p)

Question 1 If a complex sound has a periodic change in amplitude (e.g., is amplitude modulated) with a period of 4 msec, what is the Periodicity Pitch for the complex sound?

250 Hz

4. ** If one condensation is 2.5 meters from the vibrating source and the very next condensation is 5.5 meters from the source, what is the wavelength (λ)?

3 meters

15. If TP in dB = No in dB + 10log(BW), what is No in dB, if TP = 70 dB, and BW is 10,000 Hz?

30 dB___(70-10log(10000) = 70-40=30)

5. An audio system puts out 1000 times more power than a radio system, how many more dB is the power of the audio system as compared to the radio?

30 dB____(20log(1000)

1. ** If the Weber Ratio for frequency discrimination is a constant at 0.05, what is the difference threshold for detecting a frequency change from 6000 Hz?

300 Hz

9. If the input to a nonlinear system was a tone of 1500 Hz, what would be the lowest- frequency nonlinear distortion product that is produced?

3000 Hz__(2*1500Hz)______

** How many degrees are there in one period of sinusoidal vibration?

360o Sinusoid has completed one circle (360 degrees) in one cycle

5. ** If a Weber Fraction for frequency discrimination remained constant at 0.02, what is ∆f for a 2000-Hz tone (f)?

40 Hz (.02*2000=40)

6. ** If the standard threshold level for a 500-Hz tone is 20 dB SPL, and Mary has a threshold of 60 dB SPL, how many decibels of a hearing loss does Mary have?

40 dB (60-20=40

7. In a MAF calibration procedure 0.5 volts of power to the loudspeaker generates 400 micropascals of pressure from the calibration microphone. When a subject was tested in the calibrated experiment, she required 0.05 volts of power to the loudspeaker for a threshold measure of detectability. What is her threshold in micropascals

40 micropascals (.05/.5 =.1; .1*400=40)

If a 62 dB SLP sound is judged equally loud to a 40 dB SPL, 1000-Hz sound, how loud is the 62 db SPL sound?

40 phons

14. If a 3005-Hz masker and a 3000-Hz signal produced a beat, what is the frequency of the beat?

5 Hz (3005-3000=5)

** If sound pressure increases by a factor of 10,000 how many dB is this?

80 dB 20log(10,000)=20*4 (4 zeros) = 80 dB

8. ** How many degrees occur in one-quarter of a cycle of vibration:

90o

5. ** A person with a hearing impairment requires 40 dB more pressure to hear sound than a normal hearing person. By what factor has the pressure changed when there is a 40 dB pressure change?

A ratio of 100 [40 dB = 20log(100)]

24. ** A complex sound has spectral components at 800 Hz, 1200 Hz, 1600 Hz, 2000 Hz and 2400 Hz. What is the likely perceived pitch of this complex sound?

A) 400 Hz

Question 1: ** If the Weber Fraction for Frequency Discrimination is .01, and the base frequency is 700 Hz, what is the jnd in Hertz for discriminating a difference in frequency from 700 Hz?

A) 7 Hz

Question 1: ** Which is not true?

A) A 10,000-Hz sinusoid would produce maximal displacement toward the base B) A 300-Hz sinusoid would produce maximal displacement toward the apex C) **********A two-tone complex would produce a single region of maximal displacement D) The rate at which the Organ of Corti vibrates is the same at all cochlear places

Question 2: ** What is a critical band?

A) A band of frequencies centered on the signal frequency that mask the signal

Question 2: Which is not part of the auditory brain stem?

A) Auditory Cortex

17. In what frequency range do listeners most likely use ITDs to localize sounds sources

A) Below1000 Hz

30. ** If masking is not informational masking it is?

A) Energetic masking

Question 2: ** If the duration of increases by a factor of 10, what happens to the sounds energy?

A) Energy increases 10 dB

Questions 2: Which is likely to occur if the level of the stimulating sound is high?

A) Many nerve fibers will fire near maximum and tuning is loss

Question 1: What does MoSπ refer to?

A) Masker is interaurally in phase, Signal interaurally 180o out of phase

Question 1: What is the equation for Spectrum Level, No?

A) No dB = TP dB -10 log(BW)

25. A sound has the following spectral components: 615 Hz, 915 Hz, 1215 Hz, 1515 Hz, and 1815 Hz. The pitch of this stimulus is referred to as?

A) Pitch Shift of the Residue

16. What causes an action potential in an auditory nerve fiber?

A) Shearing of the tip links.

Question 2: ** In the precedence effect what is taking Precedence?

A) The source sound takes precedence over reflected sound in determining source location

7. What is the "near miss to Weber's Law?"

A) ∆I in dB decreases with increasing I

16) If the CM were measured right at the Base of the Cochlea of a human, which frequency is most likely to produce the largest CM voltage:

A. 15,000 Hz

4) A If there is no resistance provided by the middle ear and the mass reactance due to the mass of the ossciles minus the spring reactance due to the middle ear muscles is 64 ohms, what is the impedance of the middle ear?

A. 64 ohms

1) ** If the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane was 10,000 times greater than that at the concha, how many dB would be indicated for the outer-ear transfer function:

A. 80 dB.

35. Which condition represents a compressive nonlinear relationship?

A. A change from 5 to 15 V in the input produces a 10 V change in the output, while a change from 35 to 45 V in the input produces a 1 V change in the output.

4. Which statement is true?

A. A condensation pressure peak has greater pressure than the static air pressure.

21. What is a damped sound?:

A. A sound whose amplitude decays over time due to friction

30. The sound I would like to detect has frequencies from 650 Hz to 1000 Hz, what sound is most likely to interfere with my ability to detect this sound?

A. A sound with frequencies between about 650 and 1000 Hz

25. ** Which statement is most true?:

A. Any change in the amplitude spectrum of a sound will result in a change in the time domain waveform.

34. Which aspect of sound processing does the best job of accounting for all of the phenomena of complex pitch perception?:

A. Fine structure Processing

11. What causes pressure to increase?

A. Increase in molecular acceleration B. Increase in molecular density C. Increase in number of air molecules in a set area

17) ** Which is true?:

A. Inner Hair Cells are the biological transducer for hearing B. Outer Hair Cells change size when stimulated C. Afferent Nerve Fibers innervate both Inner and Outer Hair Cells

23. Which is true?:

A. Inner Hair Cells are the biological transducer for hearing B. Outer Hair Cells change size when stimulated C. Afferent Nerve Fibers innervate both Inner and Outer Hair Cells

15. ** 65 dB SPL

A. Is 65 dB above the softest sound humans can detect

** What function does the outer ear canal (external auditory canal) play in helping make the peripheral auditory system sensitive?:

A. It produces standing waves whose resonances increase the gain of the incoming sound pressure wave form.

37. What is the upper spread of masking?

A. Low-frequency maskers mask high-frequency signals more than high-frequency maskers mask low-frequency signals

27) * * What is plotted in a PST histogram?:

A. Number of neural responses versus time after sound is turned on.

25) ** The rate-level function:

A. Plots neural firing rate versus sound level.

5) ** Which is not a function performed by the middle ear? :

A. Providing a standing-wave resonance peak.

2. Which is not a drug that can cause a hearing loss?:

A. Quinine B. Salicylates in aspirin C. antibiotics like kanamycin *************D.Horseradish peroxidase (HRP).

2. ** A tuning curve:

A. Reflects the biomechanical activity of the traveling wave.

19. Which is the formula for Impedance (Z):

A. Square root of (R2+(Xm-Xs)2)

3. Which is true about a PST histogram:?

A. The PST shows a large response at stimulus onset.

9. If two sinusoidal vibrations have the same frequency and the same starting phase, which is true about computing the phase difference at any point in time between the two sinusoidal vibrations?

A. The phase difference between the two is always the same.

30) Auditory Cortex in primates is located:

A. Under the fissure of Sylvius

7) The all-or-none law of neural function states:

A. When an action potential occurs, it occurs exactly the same way each time

: If the wavelength (λ) of sound is 50 cm, what size object is likely to produce a sound shadow?

About 50 cm

1 If the electrical potential in scala media is +80 mv and the electrical potential inside the hair cells is -70 mv, what is the potential difference across the hair-cell membrane?

B) 150 mv

** If a sinwave with 500-Hz frequency is delayed 1 msec, how much of a phase delay is this?

B) 180o

Question 1: ** If the middle ear increases the pressure of the incoming sound by a factor of 100, how many dB would this be?

B) 40 dB

Question 2: ** What do ABR responses not reflect?

B) Auditory cortex responses

Question 1: If a 1500-Hz masker was masking a 3003-Hz signal, what perceptual phenomena might occur?

B) Beats between the second harmonic of the masker and the signal

Question 1: What role does the vestibular system play?

B) Helps one keep their balance

Question 1: ** Why are there two types of Hair Cells?

B) Inner Hair cells are the biological transducer, Outer Hair Cells effect the biomechanics

** In what way does the CM change in voltage?

B) It follows the pressure changes of the sound pressure waveform

6. ** If the Weber Fraction were a constant for all frequencies what would the curve of ∆f/f versus "f" look like?

B) It would be a flat horizontal line

Question 1: ** Which is not one of the inner ear scala?

B) Lateral

11. ** What is the upper spread of masking?

B) Low-frequency maskers mask high-frequency signals more than high-frequency maskers mask low-frequency signals

9. What is varied from trial to trial to obtain threshold in the psychophysical tuning curve procedure?

B) Masker Level

Question 1: ** What is spontaneous activity?

B) Neural responses in the absence of sound

20. ** What phenomenon is failing to work when you hear an echo due to a sound's reflection?

B) Precedence

Question 2: ** What major function does the middle-ear reflex perform?

B) Protects the inner ear from loud sounds

Question 2: What is two-tone suppression?

B) The decrease in the firing rate of a nerve fiber to one tone, when a tone of a different frequency is presented

Question 1: What is Profile Analysis?

B) When the amplitude spectrum of a sound changes

34. ** Which are nonlinear distortion tones of a 500- and 650-Hz complex (n=m=3):

B. 1000 Hz, 1300 Hz, 1150 Hz, 150 Hz

15. What best describes a cochlear traveling wave?

B. A vibratory motion that displaces the Organ of Corti at different places in a frequency specific manner.

** Outer Hair Cell motility:

B. Affects the connection between tectorial and basilar membranes

10. ** Pressure depends on what two properties?

B. Density of air molecules and acceleration of the air molecules

32. ** Filters (which is most true):

B. Filters change both the frequency and time domain representations of sound.

5. A sound pressure waveform radiates away from a vibrating source:

B. In spherical manner

24) ** Spontaneous firing rate in the auditory nerve:

B. Occurs for all auditory nerve fibers

26. Which complex sound is a beating tone most like?

B. Sinusoidally amplitude modulated sound.

40. CMR indicates:

B. That masking is not determined by the critical band alone

Which is the most accurate statement?

B.750 Hz is the 3rd harmonic of 250 Hz and the 1st octave of 375 Hz.

9) ** Hair cells are located in between which two membranes:

Basilar and Tectorial

** A researcher makes a small change to the phase difference between two sinusoids used to generate a complex sound, which is true?

Both the time domain and frequency domain descriptions will change

: ** What is the helicotrema?

C) Opening at the apex of the cochlea

Question 1: ** Which is not a peripheral neural code for sound?

C) Phase/Timing

3. If I responded more often "Yes, I detect the sound" than "No, I did not detect the sound," this is an example of what affecting my responses?

C) Response Bias

28. ** If one sound source produced only a 1000-Hz sound and another only a 2000-Hz sound, what is the likely cue that could be used for recognizing there were two sound sources?

C) Spectral Separation

12. What are the measures of sound level for a noise stimulus (most appropriate answer)?

C) Spectrum Level and Total Power

Question 1: ** What function does the Pinna provide?

C) The Pinna filters the sound so that the spectrum of the sound depends on the location of the sound source relative to the Pinna

23. What is most likely responsible for the perceived pitch of low-frequency tones:

C) The ability of low-frequency auditory nerve fibers to discharge in synchrony to the temporal fine-structure of the tone

29. What is the likely variable that allows one to distinguish the timbre of different musical instruments?

C) The attack portion of the sound produced by the instrument

8. ** What is the definition of masking?

C) The elevation of the threshold for detecting a signal sound based on the presence of a masking sound

Question 2: ** What is the definition of masking?

C) The threshold for detecting one sound is increased due to the presence of another sound

10. Why is the signal in the psychophysical tuning curve method kept very short?

C) To avoid detection based on beats

15. If the presence of a second tone decreases the firing rate of an auditory nerve fiber to a first tone, this is called?

C) Two-Tone Suppression

39. A complex sound whose waveform repeats itself every 3 msec is likely to have what pitch?:

C. 333 Hz

31. Which sound is likely to produce the largest ILD?

C. A 5000-Hz sound

** Blockage of the Eustachian tube leads to:

C. An inefficient movement of the ossicular chain due to a pressure imbalance across the tympanic membrane.

6) What is not a pathway for acoustically stimulating the inner ear?

C. Eustachian tube to Middle Ear to Inner Ear

29. If the critical band is 300-Hz wide, which best describes the critical band

C. For a signal frequency of 10,000 Hz, the critical band is from 9,850 Hz to 10,150 Hz

17. ** If I am now 20 feet from a vibrating object, but I was 10 feet from the object, how would the intensity of the sound change from 20 to 10 feet.

C. It would be less intense by a factor of 4. D. It would be four times more intense

23) Auditory efferent fibers come from:

C. Medial and Lateral Olivary Complex

27. What is plotted in a PST histogram?:

C. Number of neural responses versus time after sound is turned on.

5. ** The Brain imaging techniques of fMRI and PET:

C. Reflect metabolic activity in neural structures

31. ** Which is a band-reject filter?

C. The amplitude of sounds with frequencies between 100 Hz and 3000 Hz are attenuated

10) Which statement best describes the changes from base to apex of the basilar membrane?:

C. The basilar membrane is wider and more flaccid at the apical end.

32. What is it about the HRTF that makes it possible for it to indicate the location of sounds in the vertical direction?

C. The shape of the HRTF changes with the location of a sound source

** If inner hair cells were missing from the apical region of the Organ of Corti, which statement indicates what the consequence for hearing might be?

C. There would not be much sensitivity to low frequencies

3. Definition of period is:

C. Time to complete one cycle of vibration.

***12. A complex sound:

C.Is the sum of simple, sinusoidal sounds

38. A critical band is?

D A band of masker frequencies centered on the signal frequency required to mask the signal

Question 2: If the refractory period for generating an action potential was 2 msec, what would be the highest frequency (rate) at which repeated action potentials could occur?

D) 500 Hz

13. ** A critical band is?

D) A band of masker frequencies centered on the signal frequency required to mask the signal

21. ** A phon is:

D) A sound that is "n" phones loud is a sound that is judged equally loud to a 1000-Hz tone of "n" dB SPL

Question 1: ** What is the difference between Forward and Backward Fringe Masking?

D) Forward Fringe is at the start of a masker and Backward fringe at the end

14. Which produces the most masking

D) Forward Fringe masking

4. ** How does an MAF calibration procedure differ from a MAP calibration procedure?

D) MAP is for calibrating headphones and MAF for calibrating loudspeakers

What is Presbyusis?

D) Old age hearing loss

What is the first brainstem site where significant bilateral interaction occurs?

D) Olivary Complex

19. ** Sound sources located on cones of confusion:

D) Produce the same ILDs and ITDs

5. ** What remains approximately constant for the measured thresholds of hearing when the tonal sound's duration increases from approximately 10 msec to approximately 200 msec?

D) Sound energy

Question 2: What is an attack?

D) The onset of a sound that often determines the sound's timbre

27. Why is the overall level of the stimuli in measures of profile analysis randomly varied from interval to interval?

D) To reduce the ability of the subject to use overall level as a possible cue for discrimination.

22) ** Which is not a type of auditory nerve fiber:

D. Type IV fiber

21) ** What is meant by an inner ear active process?:

D. When inner ear structures feedback vibratory energy to the vibration of the traveling wave.

10. If a sewing machine produces a sound pressure of 5000 micropascal and the threshold of hearing is 50 micropascals in terms of pressure, how many dB more in pressure does the sewing machine produce relative to the threshold of hearing?

D.40 dB.

** If one measures sound level at 2 meters from the sound source, then at 4 meters from the sound source, ideally by what factor will the sound level decrease over from 2 to 4 meters?

Decreases by a factor of 4 Distance doubles, intensity decreases by the square of a double or a factor of 4.

3. Hit Rate is plotted on one axis of an Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve, what is plotted on the other axis?

False Alarm Rate

What remains the same when a sound pressure waveform is generated by a vibrating object?

Frequency The frequency of the sound pressure wave is the same as the vibrating frequency

What must remain the same for each sinusoid if the phase difference between two sinusoids is the same at each point in time?

Frequency: If two sinusoids have the same frequency the difference in their starting phases are the different in phase at all times.

6. What is likely damaged by Ototoxic drugs?

Hair Cells

16. ** What are the two cues for determining the location of a sound source in the azimuth plane?___

ITD and ILD

** If the roll-off of a filter is 10dB/Octave, what would be the filter's attenuation at a frequency two octaves away from the filter's cutoff frequency?

If the attenuation "rolls off" at 10 dB/Octave, them one octave away the attenuation is 10 dB, and two octaves away the attenuation is another 10 dB for a total of 20 dB (10 dB for each Octave).

30. A filter:

Is one form of a resonator

What is the frequency of a standing wave proportional to?

Length of string

4. What is Hit Rate

Listeners says "Yes" and Signal was presented

35. Which is not an aspect of sound that is preserved by the auditory periphery that may be used for sound source segregation?

Loudness

1. ** Which is not a physical attribute of sound?

Loudness (Amplitude, Starting Phase, Frequency are)

2. What are the possible cues for determining the distance of a sound source?

Loudness and ratio of direct to reflected sound

**What does MDI stand for:?

Modulation Detection Interference

** A condensation pressure peak

Moves away from a vibrating source. The motion of a condensation wave is away from the vibrating source

The valley of the sound pressure wave indicating minimum pressure is a:

Rarefaction peak

What are the two main parts of impedance?

Resistance and Reactance Z=√[R2 + (Xm-Xs)2], R=resistance, Xm=Xs=Reactance

8) ** Where is perilymph found?

Scala Vestibuli

11. ** What does the subject vary to obtain threshold in determining a tone-on-tone excitation pattern measure of masking?:

Signal level

27. ** If the duration of a sound decreases, the spectrum of the sound:

Tends to increase in bandwidth

2. ** Which filter is a high-pass filter?

The amplitudes of sounds with frequencies below 3000 Hz are attenuated

36. Why is the ability of the auditory system to determine the description of the source of a sound not something that is determined solely by the physics of vibration and sound production?

The physical dimensions of a sound are not those of the physical source that produced the sound

3. Which statement is true concerning CMR:

The threshold for detecting a tonal signal is low when the masking band is comodulated with the cue band.

** Which is likely to happen to the width of amplitude spectrum if the duration of its time domain waveform was increased?

The width of the spectrum would likely decrease

5. ** For which condition would one use sones?

When one wants to know how much to change a stimulus in order to change loudness

18. Under what conditions would a 2.5-foot wide object produce a sound shadow:

When the wavelength of the sound is about 2.5 feet

1. What causes presbycusis?:

aging

17. ** A sound source directly in front and one directly behind, are on what kind of surface?

cone of confusion

12. ** What is the band of frequencies called that is centered on the signal frequency and is responsible for masking the signal?:

critical band

25. In Comodulation Masking Release (CMR) in which condition does the least masking occur?

cue band masking

30. If a masking condition is MoSo, what does the "o" refer to or mean?

diotic or no difference between the stimuli presented to each ear

18. ** In a room with lots of reflections, one can still accurately perceive the actual location of a sound source. This is an example of what effect?:

effects of precedence

26. ** What is masking that is due to masker uncertainty or masker variability or masker similarity referred to?

informational masking

2. What species does not regenerate their hair cells:

mammals

27. What cue (stimulus variable) may allow a listener to process two harmonic series analytically, that is to determine the two pitches of the two harmonic series?

onset cues

22. ** If the pitch of a sound is that of the fundamental frequency, when the fundamental is not part of the sound's spectrum, what is the pitch called?

pitch of the missing fundamental

20. ** What is an abnormal or steep growth of loudness also called?:

recruitment

29. ** A subject sometimes perceives two alternating pulsating sounds as if the sounds were from one source, but sometimes as if the sounds were from two different sources. What is this an example of?

streaming or stream segregation

Is the level of the signal weak or intense in measurements of psychophysical tuning curves?:

weak