Heat and Temperature Science Test

If you removed all the pressure from the air, you could reach a situation of absolute non movement by molecules. That would be _____ degrees Celsius or absolute zero. This was developed by _________.

-27.3 degrees Kelvin, Lord Kelvin

There is a definite limit to how cold something can be. Physically, what is the lowest possible temperature?

-273 C or 0 kelvin There are no degrees with Kelvin- there are no negative numbers. The lowest temperature is 0 k degrees or absolute zero- this is where there is no molecular movement at all.

What is the Celsius Freezing Point?

0 degrees C

What is absolute zero?

0 degrees K

What is the Celsius Boiling Point?

100 degrees

The greater the mass of an object, the greater it's thermal energy because more mass means more moving molecules.

2. Different kinds of matter have different thermal energies even when the mass and temperature are the same. It has to do with how the molecules are bonded and the density.

What is the Fahrenheit Boiling Point?

212 degrees F

What is a room's comfortable temperature on the Celsius scale?

22 degrees Celsius

To change from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8 and add 32. F= 1.8 * C + 32. Typical room temperature would be: _____degrees Celsius and _____degrees Fahrenheit

22, 72

Kelvin temperature is equal to Celsius +_____.

273

What is the Kelvin Freezing Point?

273 degrees K

What is the Fahrenheit Freezing Point?

32 degrees F

Pure water freezes at what temperature (F)?

32 degrees Fahrenheit

What is the Kelvin Boiling Point?

373 degrees K

Insulator

A material which doesn't allow heat transfer easily

How did he come up with 32 degrees being the freezing point?

Added salt to water then it froze at 0, normal water freeze at 32.

In theory, when was the hottest time and place in the whole universe?

Big Bang

What was the highest fixed point on his scale? What had to happen?

Boiling point at given altitude.

How would you convert 22 degrees C to Fahrenheit and what would it be?

C X 1.8 + 32 = degrees Fahrenheit 71.6

In 1742, what scale was developed?

Celsius

What scale does the world use to measure temperature?

Celsius

Give examples of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation.

Conduction- Glass- Lava, Glass- Liquid Convection- Lava Radiation- Light bulb

In 1714, who came up with a glass tube to be used as his first thermometer?

Daniel Fahrenheit

A unit in Kelvin is equal to a what in magnitude?

Degree

What do we measure temperature in?

Degrees

What scale does the USA use to measure temperature?

Fahrenheit

Temperature is felt differently by different people- it is not the same for everyone. What scientist first researched the idea of temperature and tried to devise a scale that could measure it?

Galileo Galilei

Notes from Brain Pop- Heat

Heat- Heat measures the energy contained within an object because of it's moving molecules.

Thermal energy always flow from _______________ ________________ to Low Temperature.

High Temperature

Thermal energy

Is the kinetic energy plus the potential energy of molecules- the total energy of the molecules.

The Unit for heat is a _______.

Joule - the unit of energy and that is what heat is- the flow of energy.

What is the SI scale used to measure temperature?

Kelvin

What is the benefit of fever?

Kills off infections

Where is the one of the coldest places in the universe and why?

Lancaster, England they have a special refrigerator

Conductors

Materials which allow heat to be transferred easily

What liquid was chosen for the first thermometer?

Mercury

What happens at 357 degrees Celsius?

Mercury boils

What are all things are made of?

Molecules

Thermodynamics means what?

Movement of Heat

SECOND LAW- Heat ______ spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot one- the opposite is true. HOT FLOWS TO COLD.

Never

Do objects with the same mass and different temperatures have the same amount of thermal energy?

No. A 10kg mass of ice at -10C has a different amount of thermal energy that a 10 kg mass of silver at -10C.

What is the hypothalamus?

Organ in brain that controls temperature.

What do thermometers use to measure temperature?

Substances like Mercury, or colored Alcohol. Liquid thermometers can only measure within a certain range.

When do most violent crimes occur?

Summer

Temperature values on different scales- Examples

Summer day in desert- 110 degress Fahrenheit, 45 degrees Celsius, 320 degrees Kelvin Human body temperature- 95 degrees Fahrenheit, 35 degrees Celsius, 305 degrees Kelvin Warm room- 88 degrees Fahrenheit, 29 degrees Celsius, 308 degrees Kelvin Cool room- 60 degrees fahrenheit, 15 degrees Celsius, 290 degrees Kelvin Cold room- 48 degrees Fahrenheit, 10 degrees Celsius, 285 degrees Kelvin Winter day in plains- 5 degrees Fahrenheit, -15 degrees Celsius, 255 degrees Kelvin Winter day in tundra- -50 degrees Fahrenheit, -40 degrees Celsius, 230 degrees Kelvin

What would happen to room temperature if the pressure of the room was increased?

Temperature rises

Geothermal Energy

The heat that comes from deep inside the earth. The Boiling water has more heat.

Conduction

The transfer of energy through matter by DIRECT CONTACT of particles.

Radiation

The transfer of heat energy in the form of waves. A warm or hot object gives off infrared electromagnetic radiation, which can be absorbed in another object, heating it up.

Being cold is a lack of what?

Thermal Energy EX. Putting ice in a drink

How do we measure temperature?

Thermometers. (based on the principle that when heated, most objects expand and also the opposite happens- when cooled, objects contract.) Thermometers use substances like Mercury, or colored Alcohol to measure temperature. Liquid thermometers can only measure within a certain range.

In principle, there is NO_________________to temperature- in other words, there is no limit to how hot temperature can be. As molecules keep moving- different phases of matter occur.

Upper level

Convection

When a gas or liquid is heated, hot areas of the material flow and mix with the cool areas. Convection is the transfer of energy by the bulk movement of matter- particles move from on location to another carrying energy with them.

What is temperature?

a measure of the average kinetic energy of an object's molecules. how hot or cold something is.

What is associated with the following temperatures?

a. 270 degrees celsius- Deep Space b. 196 degrees celsius- golf balls fly farther, string stay turned c. 5 degrees Celsius- House hold fridge d. 22 degrees Celsius- Average room temperature e. 37 degrees Celsius- Human Temperature

THIRD LAW- Nothing can reach __________ ________.

absolute zero

Fluid

any material that flows

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: Whenever heat flows in or out of a system- the gain or loss of thermal energy _______ the amount of heat transferred.

equals

The _____ they move, the more kinetic energy they have.

faster

What did he discover about something that is heated?

it expands

Molecules of an object are always _______ (vibrating), so they have kinetic energy.

moving

In an object, some molecules are moving faster- some slower.... the average is what?

the average is the temperature.

Heat is not a feeling or a measurement, Heat actually exists- it is ________________________

the transfer or flow of energy from one object to another as a result of a difference in temperature.

What happened at the point of 0 on his scale?

water turns to ice