Heat Transfer 11-5

Thermometer

A device that measures temperature.

What are all substances made up of?

All substances are made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving. The faster the particles are moving, the more energy they have.

How does most of the energy from the sun travel to Earth's surface?

Infrared radiation

Thermal Energy

Measures the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance.

What is the main way heat is transferred in the troposphere?

Most heat transfer in the troposphere is through convection which creates convection currents.

When comparing a bucket of lake water and the lake, both are the same temperature, will they have the same amount of thermal energy?

No, the lake has more thermal energy because it the lake has more mass than the bucket of water.

Why is convection more important than conduction in the troposphere?

The air doesn't conduct heat well so only the first few meters of the troposphere are heated with conduction from the sun's radiation heat. Therefore, most of the heat in the troposphere comes from the convection currents.

Temperature

The average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance.

Convection

The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid.

Convection Currents

The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air

Radiation

The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

How do radiation, conduction and convection work together to heat the troposphere?

The sun's radiation heats Earth's surface during the day and the land gets warmer than the air. Ground level air warms up and its molecules move more rapidly, bumping each other farther apart. This makes room for cooler denser air to sink toward the surface forcing the warm air to rise called convection currents.

Conduction

The transfer of heat between two substances that are in direct contact.