Hema/Lymph/Imm Assignment

An 82-year-old resident of a long-term care facility has had a scheduled appointment with his primary care provider and had blood work drawn thereafter. The results of the resident's blood work are suggestive of anemia. How should the nurse best interpret this laboratory finding?

A. The specific etiology of the resident's anemia should be investigated. B. The resident's anemia is likely the result of psychological stressors. C. The resident would benefit from a high-iron diet and folic acid supplements. D. Mild to moderate anemia is considered a normal, age-related change. CORRECT ANSWER: A. The specific etiology of the resident's anemia should be investigated.

A patient is being tested for HIV using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The EIA shows antibodies. The nurse expects the health care provider to order what test to confirm the EIA test results?

A. Western blot test B. Another EIA test C. CD4:CD8 ratio D. Viral load test CORRECT ANSWER: A. Western blot test

The parents of a 3-year-old boy have just been informed that allergy testing suggests their son has multiple food allergies. When providing health education for this family, what subject should the nurse prioritize?

A. Alternative nutritional delivery systems B. Coping strategies for the lifestyle changes that their son's diagnosis necessitates C. The appropriate use of antihistamines in pediatric patients D. Possible sources of food allergens and strategies for avoiding offending foods CORRECT ANSWER: D. Possible sources of food allergens and strategies for avoiding offending foods

A mother has come to the emergency department (ED) with her 2-year-old who appears to be having a hypersensitivity reaction. The ED nurse knows that a hypersensitivity reaction may be characterized by an immediate reaction beginning within minutes of exposure to an antigen. What condition is an example of such a reaction?

A. Anaphylactic reaction immediately following a bee sting B. Hay fever C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Skin reaction from tape adhesive CORRECT ANSWER: A. Anaphylactic reaction immediately following a bee sting

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cellulitis. What laboratory value would the nurse assess most closely to gauge the patient's infection?

A. Hepatic function tests B. White blood cell (WBC) count C. Creatinine levels D. Electrolyte levels CORRECT ANSWER: B. White blood cell (WBC) count

The nurse is currently planning the care of a patient with multiple myeloma who is experiencing bone destruction. When reviewing the patient's most recent blood work, what value would the nurse pay particular attention to?

A. Hypercalcemia B. Hyperproteinemia C. Elevated serum viscosity D. Elevated red blood cell (RBC) count CORRECT ANSWER: A. Hypercalcemia

A nurse in the intensive care unit is caring for a patient who is being treated for urosepsis. Over the past several hours, the patient's condition has deteriorated, and the care team believes that the patient is experiencing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). What assessment should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient?

A. Assessing the patient's passive range of motion to gauge thrombus formation B. Assessment of the patient's arterial blood gases (ABGs) C. Close observation for signs of internal or external hemorrhage D. Monitoring the patient for signs of fluid overload due to polycythemia CORRECT ANSWER: C. Close observation for signs of internal or external hemorrhage

The nurse is providing education to a patient with iron deficiency anemia who has been prescribed iron supplements. What statement should the nurse include in patient education?

A. "Take the iron with dairy products to enhance your body's absorption of it." B. "Limit foods high in fiber due to the risk for diarrhea." C. "Iron will likely cause your stools to darken in color." D. "You should increase your intake of vitamin E while you're taking iron." CORRECT ANSWER: C. "Iron will likely cause your stools to darken in color.

The nursing instructor is going over laboratory results for patients with HIV/AIDS. The instructor tells the students that, upon interpretation of a patient's laboratory results, the nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is considered to have AIDS when the CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what level?

A. 500 cells/mm3 of blood B. 400 cells/mm3 of blood C. 200 cells/mm3 of blood D. 300 cells/mm3 of blood CORRECT ANSWER: C. 200 cells/mm3 of blood

A patient with renal failure has decreased erythropoietin production. Upon analysis of the patient's complete blood count (CBC), the nurse will expect which of the following CBC results?

A. A decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit B. An increased hemoglobin and hematocrit C. A decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) D. An increased MCV and MCH CORRECT ANSWER: A. A decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A 17-year-old girl with spina bifida is helping her mother prepare for her younger brother's birthday party. After blowing up a balloon, the girl develops erythema and itching around her mouth. This is likely due to which of the following?

A. A food allergy B. A developing cold sore C. Facial eczema D. A latex allergy CORRECT ANSWER: D. A latex allergy

A patient has come to the Ob-Gyn clinic with complaints of a heavy menstrual flow. The nurse knows that red blood cell production will be increased in the patient's body. Because of this, the nurse is aware that the patient may need to increase her daily intake of what?

A. Iron B. Magnesium C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D CORRECT ANSWER: A. Iron

A nurse is aware of the central role that erythropoietin plays in the initiation of erythropoiesis. Which of the following individuals would be likely to require administration of exogenous erythropoietin?

A. A man with a diagnosis of acute renal failure secondary to type 1 diabetes B. A child who experienced severe blood loss during a motor vehicle accident C. A woman who has been diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy after a long history of alcohol abuse D. A woman who experienced a postpartum hemorrhage after spontaneous vaginal delivery CORRECT ANSWER: A. A man with a diagnosis of acute renal failure secondary to type 1 diabetes

At an office birthday party, one of the executives ate a piece of cake that he was unaware had been made with peanut oil. He begins wheezing, with an inspiratory stridor and air hunger. The occupational health nurse is called to the office. The nurse recognizes he is suffering from which type of hypersensitivity?

A. Cytotoxic (type II) B. Immune Complex (type III) C. Anaphylactic (type 1) D. Delayed type (type IV) CORRECT ANSWER: C. Anaphylactic (type 1)

A 50-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and has begun a treatment regimen that includes simultaneous radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The combination of severe symptoms and aggressive therapy has necessitated admission to the hospital. When providing care for this patient, which of the following actions should the nurse implement?

A. Encouraging frequent mobilization and independence in activities of daily living B. Applying standard precautions conscientiously to reduce the patient's risk of infection C. Monitoring the patient's bowel pattern and facilitating a high-fiber diet D. Providing meticulous skin care and turning the patient at least once every 2 hours CORRECT ANSWER: B. Applying standard precautions conscientiously to reduce the patient's risk of infection

The nurse is caring for a patient with a hematologic disorder. The patient asks the nurse where the body forms blood cells. Where should the nurse tell the patient that blood cells are formed?

A. In the bone marrow B. In the kidneys C. In the spleen D. In the liver CORRECT ANSWER: A. In the bone marrow

An elderly patient has been admitted to the emergency department (ED) after accidentally overdosing on warfarin, and the patient's initial blood work reveals a dangerously high international normalized ratio (INR). The ED nurse should anticipate the need to administer:

A. Vitamin K B. Low-molecular weight heparin C. Fresh frozen plasma D. Calcium gluconate CORRECT ANSWER: A. Vitamin K

A patient has developed severe contact dermatitis with burning, itching, cracking, and peeling of the skin on her hands. What should the patient be instructed to do?

A. Wash her hands with antibacterial soap. B. Keep her hands well moisturized. C. Wear powdered latex gloves. D. Maintain the room temperature at 80°F. CORRECT ANSWER: B. Keep her hands well moisturized.

A child with a severe nut allergy has just been brought to the emergency department (ED) in apparent anaphylaxis after accidentally eating peanut butter. What action should the ED nurse prioritize in the care of this patient?

A. Applying supplementary oxygen by simple face mask. B. Protect the boy's airway. C. Take measures to relieve the boy's anxiety. D. Obtain a full set of vital signs. CORRECT ANSWER: B. Protect the boy's airway.

The nurse caring for a patient receiving a transfusion notes that 15 minutes after the infusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) has begun, the patient is having difficulty breathing and is experiencing chest tightness. What is the most appropriate initial action for the nurse to take?

A. Assess the patient's chest sounds and vital signs. B. Stop the transfusion immediately. C. Remove the patient's IV access. D. Notify the patient's health care provider. CORRECT ANSWER: B. Stop the transfusion immediately.

A 66-year-old man underwent a successful partial gastrectomy for the treatment of stomach cancer 3 years ago. The man had a scheduled follow-up appointment with his primary caregiver and had blood work completed. The results of the man's blood work indicated anemia. The nurse who is contributing to the patient's care should recognize that this patient's anemia may be attributable to what factor?

A. Infection B. A recurrence of the man's cancer C. Decreased vitamin B12 absorption D. Paralytic ileus CORRECT ANSWER: C. Decreased vitamin B12 absorption

A woman has been diagnosed with breast cancer and is being treated aggressively with a chemotherapeutic regimen. As a result of this regimen, she has an inability to fight infection due to the fact her bone marrow is unable to produce a sufficient amount of what?

A. Lymphocytes B. Antibodies C. Capillaries D. Cytoblasts CORRECT ANSWER: A. Lymphocytes

A camp nurse has been rushed to a playing field where a girl appears to be experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse has had the child rushed to the camp's infirmary. What action should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this child?

A. Maintain the patency of the girl's airway. B. Position the girl in high Fowler's. C. Closely monitor the girl's heart rate. D. Administer analgesics if available. CORRECT ANSWER: A. Maintain the patency of the girl's airway.

While performing a morning assessment of an elderly patient on a subacute medical unit, the nurse notes petechiae on a patient's lower extremities. When checking this patient's most recent blood work, the nurse should pay particular attention to the patient's level of:

A. Platelets B. Neutrophils C. Albumin D. Iron CORRECT ANSWER: A. Platelets

The nurse is caring for a teenage girl who has had an anaphylactic reaction after being stung by a wasp. The nurse is providing patient teaching prior to the patient's discharge. In the event of an anaphylactic reaction, the nurse informs the patient that she should self-administer epinephrine in what site?

A. Abdomen B. Thigh C. Deltoid muscle D. Forearm CORRECT ANSWER: B. Thigh

A nurse is caring for a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who is preparing to undergo induction therapy. In preparing a plan of care for this patient, the nurse should assign the highest priority to which nursing diagnoses?

A. Activity intolerance B. Risk for spiritual distress C. Ineffective coping D. Risk for infection CORRECT ANSWER: D. Risk for infection

A nurse is providing information on food allergies to a group of teachers. What food items would the nurse inform the teachers are common allergens?

A. Root vegetables and tomatoes B. Eggs and nuts C. Rye flour and cheese D. Citrus fruit and rice CORRECT ANSWER: B. Eggs and nuts

The nurse is assessing a 28-year-old man with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the patient, which of the following observations takes immediate priority?

A. Tachypnea and restlessness B. Weight loss of 1 pound since yesterday C. Oral temperature of 100°F D. Frequent loose stools CORRECT ANSWER: A.Tachypnea and restlessness

A patient's health care provider has ordered blood work that included a white blood cell (WBC) differential. The results of this blood test reveal a bandemia, in which the patient's WBC count indicates a higher-than-normal proportion of band cells. What should the nurse infer from this assessment finding?

A. The patient is deficient in folic acid and/or iron intake. B. The patient should be assessed for leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. C. The patient's kidneys are under physiological duress. D. The patient is currently fighting an infection. CORRECT ANSWER: D. The patient is currently fighting an infection

A patient, newly diagnosed with thrombocytopenia, is admitted to the medical unit. After the admission assessment the patient asks the nurse to explain the disease. What should the nurse explain to the patient about this condition?

A. There could be an attack on the platelets by the antibodies B. There could be decreased production of platelets C. There could be elevated platelet production. D. There could be decreased white blood cell production. CORRECT ANSWER: B. There could be decreased production of platelets