Hesi A2 A&P - Nurse Hub

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms? RNA Ribosomes Nucleus DNA

DNA

Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities? Lungs Diaphragm Mediastinum Sternum

Diaphragm

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________. Ear Leg Arm Neck

Ear

Which exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface? Ceruminous Eccrine Apocrine Sebaceous

Eccrine

Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis? None of these Ceruminous glands Sebaceous glands Eccrine glands

Eccrine glands

Which system coordinates and regulates processes within the body through the use of hormones? Circulatory system Respiratory system Endocrine system Muscular system

Endocrine system

Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are identified using the ABCDE method? Leukemia Melanoma Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils? Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Hypopharynx

Nasopharynx

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA? Golgi Apparatus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes Nucleus

Nucleus

Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal? Esophagus Small intestine Oral cavity Stomach

Oral cavity

Which vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum? Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Coccygeal vertebrae Sacral vertebrae

Sacral vertebrae

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right? Coronal Sagittal Transverse Horizontal

Sagittal

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides? Sagittal Frontal Coronal Transverse

Sagittal

Which glands release an oily secretion through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying? Sebaceous glands Eccrine glands Ceruminous glands Apocrine glands

Sebaceous glands

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body? Stomach Gall bladder Small intestine Large intestine

Small intestine

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position? - Standing upright, facing away from the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed outward, and the palms facing anteriorly. - Standing upright, facing away from the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing towards anteriorly. - Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly - Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing posteriorly

Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing posteriorly

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum Dermis Stratum germinativum

Stratum corneum

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer? - Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum - Stratum germinativum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum - Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum, stratum corneum - Stratum germinativum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin? Dermis Stratum corneum Keratin Stratum germinativum

Stratum germinativum

Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva? Lingual glands Parotid glands Sublingual glands Submandibular glands

Submandibular glands

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information? Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Frontal lobe Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of the leg? Gracilis Vastus medialis Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis

Vastus lateralis

Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side? Veins have valves. Veins carry oxygen-deficient blood. Veins have thicker, less compliant vessel walls than arteries. Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium? Aorta Coronary artery Vena cava Brachial artery

Vena cava

Which of the following muscles draw the limb away from the midline? Extensors Flexors Adductors Abductors

Abductors

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body? Flexors Extensors Abductors Adductors

Abductors

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following? Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis Adenosine monophosphate Infundibulum

Adenohypophysis

Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood? Vitamins Minerals Fats Amino acids

Amino acids

A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extracellular matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this? Epithelial Adipose Bone Nervous

Bone

Which type of connection do ligaments create? Bone to bone Muscle to bone Muscle to muscle Muscle to organ

Bone to bone

The _________________ carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carry oxygen-depleted blood back towards the heart. Arteries; veins Capillaries; veins Veins; arteries Veins; arterioles

Arteries; veins

Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear? Eardrum External Auditory Canal Auricle Modiolus

Auricle

The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint? Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Saddle

Ball and socket

Where is the popliteal artery located? Behind the knee Below the jaw line between the trachea and sternomastoid muscle On the underside of the wrist Near the top of the cubital fossa

Behind the knee

In which part of the body would you find aqueous humor? In the cavities of synovial joints Between the lens and cornea in the eye Throughout the lymphatic system Within the mediastinum

Between the lens and cornea in the eye

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle to contract? Sodium Calcium Oxygen Lactate

Calcium

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system? Calcium and carbon Calcium and phosphorous Calcium and sodium Calcium and iron

Calcium and phosphorous

The pulse point located on the neck is palpated over which artery? Popliteal Carotid Femoral Median cubital

Carotid

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin? Carries oxygen to tissues and organs Regulates balance and thermoregulation Detects increases in carbon dioxide and decreases in oxygen in the blood Engages in the process of phagocytosis

Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the patient to have eaten a large amount of? Carrots Soda Shellfish Cabbage

Carrots

Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell? Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Cell membrane

Which of the following glands secrete earwax? Sebaceous Ceruminous Eccrine Salivary

Ceruminous

Listening to music stimulates which of the following organs? Semicircular canals Saccule Utricle Cochlea

Cochlea

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs? Nervous Muscle Epithelial Connective

Connective

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body? Nerve tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue

Connective tissue

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body? Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

What is secreted by the adrenal glands? Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone Cortisol and aldosterone Oxytocin only Progesterone and estrogen

Cortisol and aldosterone

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning? Cranial/skull Inguinal/neck Carpal/foot Cervical/wrist

Cranial/skull

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? Digestive/ waste elimination Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling Circulatory/ obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy and normal body processes Excretory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body

Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? Nerve tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue

Epithelial tissue

Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells? Erythropoiesis Hematopoiesis Autopoiesis Thrombopoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process? Absorption Condensation Evaporation Precipitation

Evaporation

A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risk of ____________. Extensive bleeding Inability to fight infection Fatigue and shortness of breath Unnecessary blood clotting

Extensive bleeding

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur? Uterus Corpus luteum Fallopian tube Endometrium

Fallopian tube

Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Heart rate decreases, pupils constrict, digestion increases Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion increases Heart rate increases, pupils constrict, digestion slows down Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down

Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down

In what area of the body would you expect to find especially thick stratum corneum? Heel of the foot Back of the hand In the ear canal On the scalp

Heel of the foot

The elbow is what type of joint? Pivot Hinge Ball-and-socket Planar

Hinge

The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs. Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior

Inferior

How does serotonin affect the body? It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite. It helps to regulate motivation, euphoria, and fine motor function. It helps to regulate urine output and maintains osmolarity. It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and promotes lactation.

It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

Which of the following describes cellular respiration? It is a reductive anabolic activity It is an oxidative anabolic activity It is a reductive catabolic activity It is an oxidative catabolic activity

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

Which of the following about the hyoid bone is correct? It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone. It is one of the three bones that comprise the bones of the ear, called ossicles. It is formed via intramembranous ossification. It is located on the dorsal side of the body.

It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone.

Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the muscles? Lactic acid Folic acid Hydrochloric acid Citric acid

Lactic acid

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall? Left atrium Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle

Left ventricle

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve? Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle Lets blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium Lets blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium Lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn? Fibrous joint Ligament Muscle Tendon

Ligament

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Lysosomes Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosomes

Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in leukocytes? Lysosomes Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi bodies

Lysosomes

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? Ribosomes Golgi Lysosomes Mitochondria

Lysosomes

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? Organelle Organ Organ System Tissue

Organ System

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood? Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoprogenitor

Osteoclasts

Which of the following is the primary organ of the female reproductive system responsible for releasing mature eggs? Endometrium Fallopian tubes Uterus Ovaries

Ovaries

The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following anatomical regions? Femoral Thoracic Brachial Pelvic

Pelvic

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system? Pharynx Bronchi Lungs Trachea

Pharynx

Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood? Platelets Plasma White blood cells Red blood cells

Plasma

If the femoral artery was cut, which of the following blood vessels would not receive blood as a result? Thoracic artery Iliac artery Popliteal artery Brachial artery

Popliteal artery

The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium. Luteinizing hormone Oxytocin Testosterone Progesterone

Progesterone

Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis? - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Collecting Duct - Renal Pelvis - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis - Collecting Duct - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart? Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve? Reduced sense of smell Distorted vision Discomfort in the lumbar region Loss of sensation in the arm

Reduced sense of smell

What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus? Regulating calcium levels in the blood Regulating blood sugar levels Regulating body temperature Regulating heart rate and blood pressure

Regulating body temperature

Which part of the eye allows us to see color? Retina Aqueous humor Iris Pupil

Retina

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function? Mitochondria/ Cell division Lysosomes/ ATP production Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus? The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna The epiphysis that articulates with the scapula The diaphysis of the humerus The proximal articulating cartilage

The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna

Cerumen is secreted by apocrine glands located in which of the following structures? The external auditory canal The eustachian tube The organ of corti The cochlea

The external auditory canal

What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur? The formation of bile; Liver The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow The formation of white blood cells; Spleen The formation of red blood cells; Heart

The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow

Where is the tibialis anterior located? The back of the upper extremities The back of the lower extremities The front of the upper extremities The front of the lower extremities

The front of the lower extremities

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false? - Growth of pubic and axillary hair is induced by testosterone and estrogen. - The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone. - Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. - The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity? The small intestine The adrenal glands The mediastinum The urinary and reproductive organs

The mediastinum

The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are: Leukocytes Neutrophils Thrombocytes Leukotrienes

Thrombocytes

T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands? Thyroid Hypothalamus Lymph nodes Thymus

Thymus

The functions of the circulatory system include all of the following except: To distribute oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. To remove carbon dioxide from the body. To deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues. To distribute hormones throughout the body.

To deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues.

What is the purpose of gastric mucous? To prevent pathogens from being absorbed by the stomach lining and into the bloodstream. To trap waste products to be turned into fecal matter. To help break down fibrous foods. To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

What is the function of the sebaceous glands? To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying. To secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film to lubricate the eye. To secrete earwax to protect the ear from bacteria and viruses. To secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to regulate body temperature.

To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities? Fibula Tibia Femur Ulna

Ulna

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised? Olfactory Tibial Femoral Ulnar

Ulnar

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure? Urethra Collecting ducts Nephron Ureter

Ureter

Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary system? Epidiymis Vas deferens Ureter Urethra

Urethra

A patient reveals to you that they were recently involved in a car accident that they believe resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones may have been injured in the accident, resulting in the deviated septum? Manubrium Maxilla Vomer Tibia

Vomer

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident? Xiphoid process Vomer Fontanelle Vastus lateralis

Xiphoid process