HESI A&P

The _______________ artery is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ________________ artery. brachial; axillary carotid; axillary brachial; carotid axillary; brachial

brachial; axillary

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle to contract? Oxygen Lactate Sodium Calcium

calcium

Wrist bones are called which of the following? Carpals Metacarpals Humerus Phalanges

carpals

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body? Epithelial tissue Nerve tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue

connective tissue

What is secreted by the adrenal glands? Cortisol and aldosterone Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone Progesterone and estrogen Oxytocin only

cortisol and aldosterone

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning? cranial/skull inguinal/neck cervical/wrist carpal/foot

cranial/ skull

Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus? The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna The epiphysis that articulates with the scapula The proximal articulating cartilage The diaphysis of the humerus

the epiphysis that articulates with radius and unla

Which of the following describes cellular respiration? It is a reductive catabolic activity It is an oxidative catabolic activity It is a reductive anabolic activity It is an oxidative anabolic activity

it is an oxidative catabolic activity

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum

lysosomes

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? ribosomes lysosomes mitochondria Golgi

lysosomes

Cerumen is secreted by apocrine glands located in which of the following structures? The external auditory canal The eustachian tube The organ of corti The cochlea

the external auditory canal

The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are: leukocytes neutrophils thrombocytes leukotrienes

thrombocytes

T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands? Thyroid Hypothalamus Lymph nodes Thymus

thymus

Which muscle is located towards the front of the lower leg? Tibialis anterior Vastus lateralis Tibialis posterior Adductor longus

tibialis anterior

The functions of the circulatory system include all of the following except: to deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues. to distribute oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. to distribute hormones throughout the body. to remove carbon dioxide from the body.

to deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues.

Which of the following is a primary function of the male and/or female reproductive systems? To transport blood and oxygen To protect against infections To regulate the process of mitosis To produce gametes

to produce gametes

The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called ____________. Alveoli Trachea Pharynx Diaphragm

trechea

The right atrium receives blood from the __________. aorta right ventricle vena cava left atrium

vena cava

A patient reveals to you that they were recently involved in a car accident that they believe resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones may have been injured in the accident, resulting in the deviated septum? Maxilla Tibia Vomer Manubrium

vomer

Which of the following acts as a store for fats and aids in bone function? Red bone marrow Granulocyte White blood cells Yellow bone marrow

yellow bone marrow

Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart? Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve? Reduced sense of smell Distorted vision Discomfort in the lumbar region Loss of sensation in the arm

reduced sense of smell

Which of the following is not a function of cortisol? Release growth hormones Raises blood sugar levels Inhibits the release of histamine Reduces inflammation

release growth hormones

Which part of the eye allows us to see color? Aqueous humor Iris Pupil Retina

retina

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function? Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion Lysosomes/ ATP production Mitochondria/ Cell division Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

ribosome/ protein synthisis

The heart consists of four chambers, which include _________________. right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, and vena cava right atrium, left atrium, aorta, and vena cava right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle right ventricle, right atrium, vena cava, and aorta

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

Which vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum? Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Sacral vertebrae Coccygeal vertebrae

sacral vertebrae

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right? Horizontal Coronal Sagittal Transverse

sagittal

If you were to cut the body through the median plane, what type of sectioning would occur? Cross section Frontal section Proximal section Sagittal section

sagittal section

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin? Stratum corneum Stratum germinativum Dermis Keratin

stratum germinativum

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis? Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum Stratum germinativum

stratum germinativum

Which of the following hormones is primarily produced and secreted by the male reproductive system? Prolactin Testosterone Estrogen Growth Hormone

testosterone

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information? Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

Temporal lobe

Where is the tibialis anterior located? The front of the lower extremities The front of the upper extremities The back of the upper extremities The back of the lower extremities

The front of the lower extremities

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false? Growth of pubic and axillary hair is induced by testosterone and estrogen. The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is co

The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity? The small intestine The mediastinum The urinary and reproductive organs The adrenal glands

The mediastinum

What is the function of the sebaceous glands? To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying. To secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to regulate body temperature. To secrete earwax to protect the ear from bacteria and viruses. To secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film to lubricate the eye.

To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised? Ulnar Femoral Tibial Olfactory

Ulnar

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure? Nephron Urethra Ureter Collecting ducts

Ureter

Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side? Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries. Veins carry oxygen-deficient blood. Veins have thicker, less compliant vessel walls than arteries. Veins have valves.

Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium? Vena cava Coronary artery Aorta Brachial arter

Vena cava

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? A. Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling B. Digestive/ waste elimination C. Circulatory/ obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy and normal body processes D. Excretory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body

A. Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body? Flexors Adductors Abductors Extensors

Abductors

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following? Adenosine monophosphate Adenohypophysis Infundibulum Neurohypophysis

Adenohypophysis

Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood? Fats Amino acids Vitamins Minerals

Amino acids

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin? Engages in the process of phagocytosis Carries oxygen to tissues and organs Regulates balance and thermoregulation Detects increases in carbon dioxide and decreases in oxygen in the blood

Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

Listening to music stimulates which of the following organs? Utricle Saccule Cochlea Semicircular canals

Cochlea

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs? Epithelial Muscle Nervous Connective

Connective

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body? Muscle tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

The pulse point located on the neck is palpated over which artery? Popliteal Carotid Femoral Median cubital

Carotid

Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear? Eardrum External Auditory Canal Auricle Modiolus

Auricle

In which part of the body would you find aqueous humor? Within the mediastinum Between the lens and cornea in the eye Throughout the lymphatic system In the cavities of synovial joints

Between the lens and cornea in the eye

A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extracellular matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this? Nervous Epithelial Bone Adipose

Bone

Which type of connection do ligaments create? Muscle to bone Bone to bone Muscle to muscle Muscle to organ

Bone to bone

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system? Calcium and phosphorous Calcium and iron Calcium and sodium Calcium and carbon

Calcium and phosphorous

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms? Ribosomes Nucleus RNA DNA

DNA

Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities? Sternum Lungs Diaphragm Mediastinum

Diaphragm

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________. Ear Arm Neck Leg

Ear

Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis? None of these Ceruminous glands Sebaceous glands Eccrine glands

Eccrine glands

Which system coordinates and regulates processes within the body through the use of hormones? Endocrine system Respiratory system Circulatory system Muscular system

Endocrine system

Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells? Autopoiesis Hematopoiesis Thrombopoiesis Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur? Uterus Corpus luteum Fallopian tube Endometrium

Fallopian tube

The elbow is what type of joint? Planar Pivot Ball-and-socket Hinge

Hinge

The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs. Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior

Inferior

How does serotonin affect the body? It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and promotes lactation. It helps to regulate urine output and maintains osmolarity. It helps to regulate motivation, euphoria, and fine motor function. It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

Which of the following about the hyoid bone is correct? It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone. It is one of the three bones that comprise the bones of the ear, called ossicles. It is located on the dorsal side of the body. It is formed via intramembranous ossification.

It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone.

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter B. Left atrium Right ventricle Right atrium Left ventricle

Left atrium

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall? Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle

Left ventricle

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve? Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle Lets blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium Lets blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium Lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils? Hypopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx Nasopharynx

Nasopharynx

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system? Bronchi Lungs Pharynx Trachea

Pharynx

Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood? Red blood cells Plasma White blood cells Platelets

Plasma

If the femoral artery was cut, which of the following blood vessels would not receive blood as a result? Iliac artery Brachial artery Popliteal artery Thoracic artery

Popliteal artery

Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis? Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Collecting Duct - Renal Pelvis Distal Convoluted Tubule - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis Collecting Duct - Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

Proximal Convoluted Tubule - Loop of Henle - Distal Convoluted Tubule - Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis

What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus? Regulating blood sugar levels Regulating heart rate and blood pressure Regulating calcium levels in the blood Regulating body temperature

Regulating body temperature

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides? Coronal Transverse Frontal Sagittal

Sagittal

Which glands release an oily secretion through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying? Ceruminous glands Eccrine glands Sebaceous glands Apocrine glands

Sebaceous glands

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body? Stomach Small intestine Gall bladder Large intestine

Small intestine

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? Stratum lucidum Stratum germinativum Dermis Stratum corneum

Stratum corneum

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer? Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum, stratum corneum Stratum germinativum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum Stratum germinativum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva? Lingual glands Submandibular glands Parotid glands Sublingual glands

Submandibular glands

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident? Xiphoid process Fontanelle Vomer Vastus lateralis

Xiphoid process

An irregular epiphysis at each end is present in which of the following? Sesamoid bone A short bone Compact bone A typical long bone

a typical long bone

Which of the following muscles draw the limb away from the midline? Adductors Abductors Flexors Extensors

abducotrs

The _________________ carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carry oxygen-depleted blood back towards the heart. capillaries; veins veins; arterioles veins; arteries arteries; veins

artieries; veins

Which exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface? Ceruminous Eccrine Apocrine Sebaceous

eccrine

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? Nerve tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Epithelial tissue

epithelial tissue

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process? Precipitation Absorption Condensation Evaporation

evaporation

In what area of the body would you expect to find especially thick stratum corneum? On the scalp Heel of the foot Back of the hand In the ear canal

heel of the foot

What connects skin to superficial muscles? Epidermis Stratum corneum Stratum germinativum Hypodermis

hypodermis

What type of cell division occurs in the gonads? Binary fission Hemopeiosis Mitosis Meiosis

meiosis

What type of animal tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia? Epithelial Nervous Muscle Connective

nervous

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus

nucleus

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? Organ System Tissue Organelle Organ

organ system

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood? Osteoprogenitor Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts

osteoclasts

Which of the following is the primary organ of the female reproductive system responsible for releasing mature eggs? Ovaries Uterus Endometrium Fallopian tubes

overies

Which gland releases melatonin? Pancreas Pineal glands Pituitary glands Ovaries

pineal glands

Skeletal muscle work in pairs. The muscle that executes the given movement is called which of the following? Antagonists Synergists Prime mover Voluntary muscle

prime mover

The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium. testosterone luteinizing hormone progesterone oxytocin

progesterone

Reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur in various parts of the renal tubules. In which segment is sodium mostly reabsorbed? Proximal Convoluted Tubules Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubules Collecting Ducts

proximal convoluted tubules