HESI - Information to Memorize

dependent clause

A phrase that can't stand alone as a complete sentence. example: "I went to the store to grab food." dependent: "to grab food."

Conjunction

A word used to join words or groups of words, phrases, or clauses. use mnemonic FANBOYS to remember: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

who vs whom

Who is used when referring to the SUBJECT (person doing the action) Whom is used referring to the OBJECT (the receiver of the action) who example: "the spy who loved me." who loved me? HE did. (notice the spy is doing the loving here) * use who if you can replace the pronoun w/ he, she, or they. OR if you can answer the question with any of the above as shown above. whom example: "the spy whom I loved" whom did I love? I loved HIM. (notice I am doing the loving here) * used whom if you can replace the pronoun w/ him, her, or them. OR if you can answer the question with any of the above as shown above.

temperature formula

C= (F-32)/1.8 F= 1.8C+32 * note: C to F = x9/5+32 * note: F to C = /9x5-32

adverbs

Describe ACTIONS (verbs); often end in -ly but NOT ALL answers one of these questions usually when, where, how? and why? example: slowly, rapidly, badly, sweetly, etc

I Value Xylophones Like Cows Do Milk

I = 1 V = 5 X= 10 L = 50 C = 100 D = 500 M = 1000 * when a smaller Roman numeral is in front of a larger Roman numeral you subtract (ex: IX = 10 - 1 = 9) * when Roman numerals are listed biggest to smallest you add (ex: MMXII = 1000+1000+10+1+1 = 2012) * a bar (-) over a number means the # is 1,000 x bigger. (ex: V w/ bar over it = 5000)

8 parts of speech

Noun Pronoun Verb Adjective Adverb Conjunction Preposition Interjection

homophones

These are words that are pronounced the same, but have different meanings. example: mail and male

predicate adjective

an adjective that follows a linking verb and helps describe the subject within the predicate. example: "Anna seems friendly." "friendly" is describing the subject within the predicate.

effect

is a NOUN. is the experience of the verb/ the result of the change. synonym for result or consequence. use mnemonic RAVEN to: "remember affect is a verb effect is a noun"

affect

is a VERB. means to impact, change, or influence something. use mnemonic RAVEN to: "remember affect is a verb effect is a noun"

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

kilo, hecto, deka, base, deci, centi, milli

noun

names a person, place, thing, or idea

verbs

show action or state of being. Examples: walked, ran, drove

pronous

takes the place of a noun. shows possession. example: I, me, they, she, it, etc.

direct object

the person or thing that is DIRECTLY affected by the action of the verb. note: comes after a transitive verb. example: "the students watched the professor distribute the examinations." verb = watched IO = DO = "the professor"

indirect object

the person or thing that is INDIRECTLY affected by the action of the verb. *aka the recipient of the direct object. note: comes after an action verb. you can find it between the verb and the direct object! example: "the professor gave his class the test results." verb = gave IO = "his class" DO = "the test results"

Homographs

words that are spelled the same but have different meaning

Which vs. That

"which" is used to introduce nonessential clauses (adds information to a sentence but is not necessary to make meaning) note: uses commas to set off non-essential clauses. "that" is used to introduce essential clauses (needed to make the sentence clear) note: does NOT use commas to introduce an essential clause. HINT: if the blank comes after a comma, choose "which" of it doesn't use "that"

Freezing point of water

0 degrees Celsius OR 32 degrees Fahrenheit

the gallon man

1 gallon, 4 quarts, 8 pints, 16 cups, 128 ounces * note: 1 cup = 8 oz * note: 1 mL = 1 cc (mL's and cc's are the same)

2.54 centimers = ___ inch

1 inch

2.2 pounds = ____ kilogram

1 kilogram

3 teaspoons = ___ tablespoons

1 tablespoon

1 mile = ____ yards

1,760 yards

boiling point of water

100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit

1 foot = ____ inches

12 inches

1 tablespoon (tbsp) = ____ ml

15 milliliters (mL)

1 pound = ____ ounces

16 ounces

1 ton = ____ pounds

2,000 pounds

1 yard = ____ feet

3 feet

1 ounce = ___ mL

30 mL

1 teaspoon = ___ mL

5 mL

1 mile = ____ feet

5,280 feet

Interjection

A word that expresses emotion. has NO grammatical connection to the other words. example: yikes! or whew!

Preposition

A word that expresses relationships. answers the question where? example: (when it happens is it) in, among, around, beneath, at, to, off, etc.

lie vs lay

Lie is to recline or rest (ex. I lie down after school). Lay is to put or place (ex. I lay my bookbag down on the floor). Lay requires a direct object, lie does not. mnemonic to remember: "think recline with lie and place with lay"

Homonyms

Two words that sound alike and are spelled alike but have different meanings.

independent clause (main clause)

a clause that may stand on its own and make sense as a complete sentence. example: "I went to the store to grab food." independent: "I went to the store."

predicate nominative

a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb (such as; is, was, or are) and renames the subject within the predicate. example: "John is the captain of the baseball team." John is renamed the captain! so captain is the P.N

predicate

a sentence consists of two parts, a subject and a predicate. the predicate tell us what the subject does or what is done to the subject. begins at the verb then, all the way down. example: "the cat sat on the mat." subject = the cat predicate = sat on the mat

adjectives

a word used to modify or describe a NOUN OR PRONOUN, such as "happy," "sad," or "pretty." detail/attribute. answers the question which one? what kind? or how many? example: black, ugly, small, bitter, friendly, etc