HESI MED SURG - Cardiovascular, Hematologic, and lymphatic

Which statement indicates that a client has a correct understanding of the condition after the nurse has finished teaching a client about sickle cell anemia?

"I have abnormal hemoglobin." The patient with sickle cell anemia has abnormal hemoglobin, hemoglobin S, causing the red blood cells to stiffen and elongate into a sickle.

Which response would the nurse give to a client with type 1 diabetes who asks what causes several brown spots on the skin?

"Those brown spots result from small blood vessel damage; the blood contains iron, which leaves a brown spot."

How far would the nurse depress the lower sternum when performing cardiac compression on a adult client?

2 to 2.4 inches (5-6 cm) Infants: 1/3 of anteroposterior diameter of chest, 1.5 inches Children up to age of puberty: 1/3 of anteroposterior diameter of the chest, 2 inches Postpubertal adolescents: 2-2.4 inches Adults: 2-2.4 inches

Which electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system is reflected in the P wave?

Atrial depolarization

Which clotting factor would a nurse explain is deficient to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with hemophilia A?

Factor VIII

Which factor would the nurse identify as the cause of the pain experienced by a client who is experiencing acute coronary syndrome?

Heart muscle ischemia Ischemia causes tissue injury and the release of chemicals, such as bradykinin, that stimulate sensory nerves and produce pain.

Which physiological alteration would be expected with a higher-than-normal red blood cell (RBC) count?

Increased blood viscosity Hematocrit measures how much of a person's blood is made up of RBCs.

Which factor is the likely cause of the laboratory result when arterial blood gases done a client who is being resuscitated after cardiac arrest show a low pH?

Lactic acid production Cardiac arrest causes decreased tissue perfusion which results in anaerobic metabolic and lactic acid production.

Which group of clients would the nurse anticipate to have the highest incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas?

Older adults The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age; the disease is more common in men and older adults.

Which intervention would the nurse perform when caring for a client in the ED reporting chest pain?

Providing oxygen Assessing vital signs Obtaining a 12-lead EKG Drawing blood for cardiac enzymes Auscultating heart sounds Administering nitroglycerin

Which part of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents depolarization of the ventricles?

QRS interval

Which diagnostic test will the nurse use to confirm the diagnosis when hypokalemia is suspected?

Serum potassium level Serum potassium level less than 2.5 mEQq/L

Which dietary restriction will the nurse expect to be included in the plan for a client with left ventricular failure?

Sodium Restriction of sodium reduces the amount of water retention, thus reducing cardiac workload.

Which information would be used to determine the cause of premature atrial contractions (PACs) observed on a client's EKG?

Stress level Tobacco use Caffeine intake Electrolyte levels

Information about which vitamin would be included when teaching a client with atrial fibrillation about a new prescription for warfarin?

Vitamin K Warfarin causes inhibition of vitamin k-dependent clotting factors, and the use of vitamin k would affect the therapeutic effect of warfarin.

Which modifiable risk factor would the nurse include in a community presentation on cardiovascular risk factors?

Weight Inactivity Cholesterol Tobacco use Homocysteine