HESI

A 23-year-old woman arrives at the prenatal clinic because she thinks that she is pregnant. Her last mentrual period began on March 31, and her pregnancy test reveals a positive result. According to Nagele's rule, what is the client's expected date of birth (EDB)?

January 7th

myasthenic crisis

an acute exacerbation of disease caused by inadequate amount of meds, infection fatigue or stress.

electroencephalogram

an amplifie recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.

dont take this medication with insulin because it causes hypoglycemia

aspirin

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin's lymphoma; affects the white blood cells that aid the immune system

cholinergic crisis

caused by excessive medication, stop giving Tensilon (it will make it worse); clinical condition that develops as a result of overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions and synapses

Crohn's disease

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract; often leads to bowel infection

Hodgkin's lymphoma

chronic malignant disease of the lymph nodes; affects the white blood cells that aid the immune system; contains the Reed-Sternberg cells

pituitary gland

The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

paralytic ileus

complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction

which hormone synthesis does the nurse state is inhibited by hypokalemia

aldosterone

a nurse reviews the laboratory results of a client with acute pancreatitis. which test is most significant in determining the client's response to treatment?

amylase level

the serum potassium level of a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis is 5.4 mEq/L (5.4 mmol/L). what would the nurse expect to see on the ECG tracing monitor?

peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes

A client diagnosed with thyroid cancer signed a living will that states he doesn't want ventilatory support if his condition deteriorates. As his condition worsens, the client states, "I changed my mind. I want everything done for me." Which response by the nurse is best?

"What exactly do you mean by wanting 'everything' done for you?"

Nageles rule for calculating a due date is?

1st day of the last menstrual period Add 7 days Subtract 3 months

At what age is an individual most at risk for acquiring acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

4-12

the nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess a client with a head injury. Which Glasgow Coma Scale score indicates that the client is in a coma? 6, 9, 12, 15?

6

every morning, a client with type 1 diabetes recieves 15 units of Humulin 70/30. What does this type of insulin contain?

70% NPH insulin and 30% regular insulin

buerger's disease

A condition in which the blood vessels, especially those supplying the legs, are constricted whenever nicotine enters the bloodstream, the ultimate result being gangrene and amputation; associated with heavy cigarette smoking, men <40 , rest pain and ischemic ulcers occur early in disease

respiratory acidosis

A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.

oxytocin

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

A client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has asked the unlicensed nursing assistant for another pitcher of water. It is the third such request over the past 4 hours. The nurse would recognize this request as which of the following manifestations?

An occurrence of the excess loss of fluid associated with osmotic diuresis

on the first day after a right pneumonectomy, a client suddenly sits straight up in bed. the client's respirations are labored, and a crowing sound is audible. the client's skin is pale, cool, and moist. which action is priority?

Auscultate the left lung

A nurse observing a patient receiving treatment with edrophonium (Tensilon) for myasthenia gravis notices the patient clenching his/her jaw, salivating excessively, experiencing muscle weakness, rigidity, and spasm. These are all symptoms of which of the following?

Cholinergic crisis

What hormone does the nurse state is formed from cholesterol?

Cortisol

aldosterone

Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water

a client with a history of emphysema is admitted with a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis. oxygen is being administered at 3 L/min nasal cannula. Four hours after admission, the client has increased restlessness and confusion followed by a decreased respiratory rate and lethargy. What should the nurse do?

Discontinue or decrease the oxygen flow rate

amylase

Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the cholecyst (gallbladder)

Which condition results in elevated serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and urine cortisol levels?

Pituitary Cushing's syndrome

Serotonin Syndrome

With any drug that increases 5-HT (e.g., MAO inhibitors, SNRIs, TCAs) hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, cardiovascular instability, flushing, diarrhea, seizures. -Treatment: cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist).

Emphysema

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

angina

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

addison's disease

a disease characterized by progressive anemia, low bp, great weakness, and bronze discoloration of the skin. It is caused by inadequate secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex.

diabetes insipidus

a disease in which the secretion of or response to the pituitary hormone vasopressin is impaired, resulting in the production of very large quantities of dilute urine, often with dehydration and insatiable thirst.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulating the adrenal cortex; helps regulate steroid hormone and cortisol levels

calcitonin

a hormone secreted by the thyroid that has the effect of lowering blood calcium

which diagnostic test is performed under general anesthesia to detect non-Hodgkin lymphoma and requires the client to sign an informed consent form?

a mediastinoscopy

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

a scale used to assess the consciousness of a patient upon physical examination, typically in patients with neurological concerns or complaints; the lower on the scale the more unresponsive the patient; eye score: 4-1, verbal score: 5-1, motor: 6-1

sepsis

a serious condition resulting from the presence of harmful microorganisms in the blood or other tissues and the body's response to their presence, potentially leading to the malfunctioning of various organs, shock, and death

a client is admitted to the hospital with severe back and abdominal pain, nausea and occasional vomiting, and an oral temperature of 101 degrees F. The client reports drinking 6 -8 beers a day. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made. Based on the data presented, the primary nursing concern for this client is...

acute pain

acute dystonia

acute sustained contraction of muscles, usually of the head and neck

an exploratory laparotomy is performed on a client with melena, and gastric cancer is discovered. a partial gastrectomy is performed, and a jejunostomy tube is surgically implanted. a nasogastric tube to suction is in place. what should the nurse expect regarding the client's nasogastric tube drainage during the first 24 hours after surgery?

contains some blood and clots

hypokalemia

deficient level of potassium in the blood; necessary for proper function of nerves and muscle cells (particularly the heart); less than 2.5 mmol/L; prominent U waves, depressed ST segment, flat T waves

Which drug can cause diabetes insipidus?

demeclocyline

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

specific gravity

diluted 1.005-1.030 concentrated

coronary artery disease (CAD)

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart; narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart

acidosis

excessive acidity of body fluids, pH below 7.35

pulmonary edema

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

somatotropin

growth-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

prolactin

hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production after childbirth

somatostatin

hormone secreted in the pancreas and pituitary gland that inhibits gastric secretion and somatotropin release

pericarditis

inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

a client with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. The health care provider (HCP) started the client on pentoxifylline once daily. Approximately 1 hour after receiving the initial dose of pentoxifylline, the client reports having chest pain. The nurse shoudl first:

inform the doctor. angina is a reverse reaction to pentoxifylline

Which insulin should the nurse prepare for the emergency treatment of ketoacidosis?

insulin aspart because it is rapid acting

a male client has just undergone a laryngectomy and has a cuffed tracheostomy tube in place. when initiating bolus tube feedings postoperatively, when should the nurse inflate the cuff?

just prior to tube feeding

lethargy

lack of energy; sluggishness

thickest wall in the heart

myocardium

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

oxytocin

The client with Raynaud's phenomenon has coldness and numbness in the fingers. Which is an early sign of vasoconstriction?

pallor

which cells does the nurse identify as producing thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin) hormone?

parafollicular cells

a client with an obstruction of the pancreatic ducts has been diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. the client's physical condition continutes to deteriorate despite supportive care, and a subtotal pancreatectomy is preformed. the nurse should monitor the client for what postoperative complication?

paralytic ileus

platelet count

part of a complete blood count; normal range from 150,000 and 400,000

A nurse is caring for a client with acute pulmonary edema. To immediately promote oxygenation and relieve dyspnea, the nurse should:

place in high fowlers then oxygenate

a nurse instructs a client with viral hepatitis about the type of diet that should be ingested. which lunch selected by the client indicates understanding about dietary principles associated with this diagnosis?

salad, sliced chicken sandwich, gelatin dessert

Before a client has a cardiac catheterization, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed, and hypokalemia is suspected. the nurse expects that the diagnosis will be confirmed by which diagnostic test?

serum potassium level

which hormone is released from the pancreas?

somatostatin

thoracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

amylase levels

taken in the urine or blood (serum); used to determine pancreatic cancer, alcoholism, cystic fibrosis, eating disorders, and infection; normal results in blood: 30-110 U/L, normal results in urine: 2.6-21.2

a client with oat-cell lung cancer is scheuled for a mediastinoscopy and biopsy. what should the nurse include in the client's education?

the procedure is an endoscopic examination of the lymph nodes.

bronchoscopy

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Adrenal Cushing's syndrome

too much cortisol; can cause high bp or sometimes type 2 diabetes

myesthenic crisis

weakness with change in vitals (give more meds)

the nurse is assessing a male client with acute pancreatitis. Which finding requires the most immediate intervention by the nurse?

while the nurse is taking the client's blood pressure, he has a carpal spasm.