HESI Procedures V3
The sternal angle is located at a level only
1 to 2 inches above T7
Which x-ray tube orientation is used to create a 90-degree angle between the central ray (CR) and the metatarsals for an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the foot?
10 degrees posteriorly.
How should the central ray (CR) be angled to compensate for a patient who is unable to assume the erect lordotic position for an anteroposterior (AP) axial lordotic projection of the chest?
15 - 20 degrees cephalad.
Which is the correct central ray (CR) location for an anteroposterior (AP) oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram?
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis and 2 inches medial to the elevated anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Where should the central ray (CR) enter the patient for a lateral sacrum projection?
3-4 inches posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
How should the radiographer rotate the patient's lower leg and foot for an anteroposterior (AP) oblique projection of the second toe?
30 - 45 degrees medially.
Which central ray (CR) orientation is recommended for a standard anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the skull to demonstrate the dorsum sellaewithin the foramen magnum?
30 degrees to the orbitomeatal line (OML).
If a radiographic image is requested to show the nephrogram phase of an intravenous urogram (IVU), how long after IV contrast administration should this image be obtained?
30 seconds to 1 minute.
Which central ray (CR) angle is recommended to demonstrate the coronoid process of the elbow using the Coyle method?
45 degrees away from the shoulder
In which position is the knee placed in order to demonstrate the head of the fibula without superimposition?
45 degrees medial rotation.
The right zygapophyseal joints are best seen in
45-degree right posterior oblique or 45-degree left anterior oblique position
The xiphoid process, sternal angle, and manubrium are located on the anterior surface of the body, and are used as positioning landmarks for
AP
The Alexander method is performed to demonstrate a dislocation of which joint
Acromioclavicular.
Which alternative procedure is recommended when positioning a patient for a Swimmer's lateral (Twining method) of the cervicothoracic region (C7-T1) if the shoulder away from the image receptor (IR) cannot be fully depressed?
Angle the central ray 3 - 5 degrees caudad.
Which statement describes the presence of patient rotation on a lateral cervical spine image?
Anterior to posterior displacement of zygapophyseal joints.
Which positioning procedure is performed to demonstrate the right intervertebral foramina (IVF) of the cervical spine?
Anteroposterior (AP) projection, 45-degree left posterior oblique position (LPO).
The vertebra prominens and the inferior angles of the scapulae are useful for
CR positioning on posteroanterior and lateral projections.
Which tarsal bone is best seen when the plantar surface of the foot is positioned perpendicular to the image receptor (IR), and a 40-degree cephalic central ray (CR) is directed to the base of the third metatarsal?
Calcaneus.
The appendix is connected anatomically to which structure
Cecum
general inflammation of the colon.
Colitis
Why is a cross-table lateral preferred over a recumbent left lateral when obtaining images for a myelogram?
Contrast may move out of the area of interest when rolling into the lateral position. C
Which structure is demonstrated without superimposition on a properly positioned medial oblique foot image?
Cuboid.
Which type of pathology is defined as inflammation of an outpouching of the colon?
Diverticulitis.
After contrast has been administered into the hip joint during hip arthrography, what should the patient do?
Exercise the joint to allow the contrast to completely fill the joint space.
Which finding is demonstrated most clearly by a left lateral decubitus image
Free air over the liver.
Which portion of the small intestine is most commonly affected by Crohn's disease?
Ileum.
Where should the central ray (CR) be directed for a lateral lumbosacral spine projection when using a 14 x 17 in (35 x 43 cm) image receptor (IR)?
Iliac crest
Which anatomical landmark coincides with the level of the central ray (CR) entrance point for a posteroanterior (PA) chest projection?
Inferior border of the scapula.
Where does the CR enter for the lateral projection of the coccyx
It is located 3-4 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior to ASIS.
Which wrist projection best demonstrates a Colles' fracture?
Lateral wrist.
Which position/projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch of the ulna
Lateral, lateromedial projection.
The RPO 45 degrees position demonstrates the intervertebral foramina (IVFs)
Left side
For which purpose is orthoroentgenography performed?
Lone bone measurement
A 15-degree posterior angle is used to demonstrate open
MTP joint spaces on AP axial projections of the toes.
Which skull positioning line is situated perpendicular to the image receptor (IR) when performing a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the facial bones?
Mentomeatal line (MML).
Which body plane is positioned perpendicular to the image receptor (IR) on a lateral chest projection?
Midcoronal plane.
At which location is the central ray (CR) directed for an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the thoracic spine?
Midway between the sternal notch and the xiphoid process.
The Holmblad method is performed to demonstrate which radiographic appearance
Open intercondylar fossa.
Which radiographic finding is characteristic of cervical spine trauma resulting in a Jefferson fracture?
Open mouth view demonstrates bilateral displacement of the lateral masses of C1.
What should be demonstrated on a properly exposed supine image of the abdomen
Perirenal fat.
Which describes the appearance of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection of the skull using the Caldwell method?
Petrous pyramids are demonstrated in the lower third of the orbit.
Which anatomical structure is the most distal in the elbow
Radial tuberosity.
An anteroposterior (AP) pelvis image shows evidence that the patient is rotated toward the right hip. Which statement below best describes the appearance of this image?
Right iliac wing appears larger than the left iliac wing
Beginning with the patient's head in true lateral position, which positioning method is recommended for demonstrating the mandibular body without foreshortening on an axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?
Rotate the patient's head 30 degrees toward the image receptor.
Which statement describes a properly positioned lateral foot image?
Superimposition of the first and fifth metatarsal heads.
Which method of respiration will demonstrate the maximum number of ribs above the diaphragm when performing an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the upper ribs?
Suspended deep inspiration.
Which method of respiration is recommended for a soft tissue neck exam to evaluate the trachea?
Suspended inspiration.
An exam of the right sacroiliac (SI) joint was performed by placing the patient in a 30-degree left posterior oblique (LPO) position with the central ray (CR) directed 1 inch medial to the left anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). The resulting image demonstrates a closed right SI joint space. Which is the most likely explanation for this appearance?
The CR was directed to the wrong ASIS
Which radiographic appearance results when the anterior surface of the patient's elbow is rotated 45 degrees medially for an anteroposterior (AP) elbow projection?
The coronoid process is seen in profile.
Which anatomical structure is the most medial within the elbow?
The coronoid tubercle
The right posterior oblique (RPO) chest position may be used instead of the left anterior oblique (LAO) position to demonstrate the heart and great vessels. How will using the RPO position affect the appearance of these structures?
The left lung appears shorter than the right.
Which lumbar spine structures are best demonstrated with the patient in a 45-degree left posterior oblique (LPO) position?
The left zygapophyseal joints
An anteroposterior (AP) shoulder image acquired with the the humerus rotated medially making epicondyles perpendicular to the image receptor (IR) will demonstrate which radiographic appearance?
The lesser tubercle is seen in profile medially.
Which appearance is demonstrated by a lateral projection of the shoulder obtained using the Lawrence method?
The proximal humerus is projected through the lung field.
Which bones make up the ankle mortise?
Tibia, fibula, and talus.
Place the parts of the respiratory tract in order from the most proximal to the most distal.
Trachea. Primary bronchi. Bronchioles. Alveolar sacs.
inflammatory lesion in the colon.
Ulcerative colitis
Oblique fracture
Where the bone breaks diagonally
compound fracture
an injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection
An open femorotibial joint is demonstrated on the
anteroposterior knee projection
comminuted fracture
break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments
intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated
by the lateral projection.
What type of fracture is a Jefferson fracture?
comminuted fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas (C1) caused by blunt force, which results in bilateral displacement of the lateral masses as demonstrated on an anteroposterior open mouth projection
Fissures fracture
crack extending from the surface into but not through, a long bone
The bladder is not visualized, but identifying the pubic symphysis
demonstrates the entirety of the bladder region.
What is ainteriliac plane
describes an imaginary line between the iliac crests
The Towne method of the skull demonstrates the
dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum
Rotating the head away from the IR will increase
foreshortening of the mandibular body.
Lateral rotation is recommended for oblique images of the
fourth and fifth toes.
Impacted fracture
fracture in which the one fragment is firmly driven into another
colles fracture
fracture of the lower end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward.
What fracture happens most infancy or childhood
greenstick
Green stick fracture
happens in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and breaks.
A properly exposed supine radiographic image of the abdomen should demonstrate the following five things:
inferior liver shadow, transverse processes of the lumbar spine, pubic symphysis, and perirenal fat
spiral fracture
is a bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone
What is a colle's fracture
is a transverse fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the distal segment; this type of fracture is best evaluated on a lateral wrist projection.
The cecum is a part of
large intestine
The cuboid and fifth metatarsal demonstrated with minimal overlap describes
medial oblique foot
Myelography provides visualization
of the spinal canal.
Intervertebral foramina are only demonstrated
on oblique cervical spine images
Superimposed medial and lateral condyles are seen on an optimal lateral knee projection
optimal lateral knee projection
Diverticulosis is simply the condition of having
outpouchings in the colon
horizontal plane
separates superior from inferior portions of the body.
In which position should the patient be placed for insertion of the enema tip during a barium enema procedure?
sim''s
Soft tissue and foreign body location is accomplished with
standard radiographs
Arthrography is used for evaluation of
synovial joints.
The patella is seen in profile on a
tangential patella projection (or in lateral profile on a lateral knee projection).
Beginning with the patient's head in true lateral position and the side of interest nearest the IR, the head is rotated 30 degrees toward the image receptor (IR) in order to demonstrate the
the body of the mandible without foreshortening
For demonstration of the mentum,
the patient's head is rotated 45 degrees toward the IR
The kidneys are not visualized in an image of the abdomen, but rather the shadow of the kidneys that is created by the perirenal fat
the perirenal fat
What is the Alexabder method is not used to evaluate dislocations of the radioulnar, glenohumeral, or patellofemoral joints.
the radioulnar, glenohumeral, or patellofemoral joints.
Suspended expiration causes elevation of the diaphragm and is recommended for evaluation of
the ribs below the diaphragm.
In RPO position the side closest to the IR is better visualized with posterior oblique chest radiographs; therefore,
the right lung field is better visualized than the left
he open-mouth Waters demonstrates
the sphenoid sinuses through the open mouth.
Over rotation is evident when there is no space between the third, fourth and fifth metacarpal shafts.
the third, fourth and fifth metacarpal shafts.
Superior to inferior displacement of zygapophyseal joints indicates tilting of the patient.
tilting of the patient.
What does the midway between the sternal (jugular) notch and the xiphoid process, which corresponds for an AP projection of the thoracic spine.
to the level of T7,
his image shows no overlap of the fourth and fifth metacarpal heads indicating
under-rotation.
A 45-degree CR directed toward the shoulder is recommended to
visualize the radial head using the Coyle method
The modified Towne method for facial bones demonstrates the
zygomatic arches free of superimposition.
