HG&D 4

Stagnation

Develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation

According to Erik Erikson, what is the last stage of development in life?

Integrity vs. despair

Brain death occurs when:

all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

Naturalistic Approach

an approach to investigating child language in which researchers observe and record children's spontaneous verbal behavior

According to Kübler-Ross, in the _____ stage of dying, the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained.

anger

early childhood to late adulthood-taking different age groups and studying them

cross-sectional study

John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase.

crystallized

as people age through late adulthood both brain weight and brain volume begin to

decrease

After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear.

depression

Which of the following is MOST typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged persons?

difficulty viewing close objects

when men get stressed out they

do fight or flight drink more

macular degeneration

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

There is considerable research evidence showing _____ increases the lifespan of laboratory animals.

calorie restriction

main cause of death in middle adulthood

cancer heart disease

85 and over age group leading cause of death

cardiovascular disease

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lens of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.

cataracts

Top to bottom growth

cephalcottle

happiest time before

children two single people

Cataracts

clouding of the lens

life-expectancy

how long on average an individual is expected to live

Leisure

pleasant times after work, pursue activities and interests of their choosing Not spending more leisure time among top list of life regrets

people with extroversion

leads to more positive years later on

when kids leave the house

parents become happier

The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of:

peak performance for verbal ability.

assimilation and commendation

piaget

respite care

planned short-term care, usually for the purpose of relieving a full-time informal caregiver

Jamie lost his wife of many years. He is still experiencing enduring despair a year after her death. Holly Prigerson and her colleagues would label this as:

prolonged grief.

Regarding how the brain changes with Alzheimer disease, both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are made of _____.

proteins

when babies engage in physical activity some synaptic clefts are strengthened (if used) and others decline if not used. If not used this is called

pruning

Successful aging is related to three main factors:

selection, optimization, and compensation.

Vygotsky

social interaction and culture play a major role in childhood development

middle adulthood

40-65

What was the average life expectancy in 1900 and what percentage of the population lived past 65 years of age?

47 years, 3%

In 2014, _____ of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.

59%

___ % of 65-74 year olds die of cancer and cardiovascular disease

65

What is the average life expectancy for individuals born in 2013 in the United States?

78.8

Parkinson's disease

A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors. facial muscle deteriorating

Evolutionary Theory

A theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views the history of a species in terms of the inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity, and of behavior.

Accommodation of the eye

Ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina

Fluid intelligence

Ability to reason abstractly May begin to decline in middle adulthood

Crystallized intelligence

Accumulated information and verbal skills Continues to increase in middle adulthood

A new finding that Canadian older adults who were more physically active had higher life satisfaction and greater social interaction than their physically inactive counterparts supports which theory of aging?

Activity theory

Generativity

Adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation

Sarcopenia

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

Which of the following is TRUE of the American attitude toward death?

Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.

Dementia

An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.

Menopause

Cessation of a woman's menstrual periods During the late 40s or early 50s Hot flashes, nausea, fatigue, and rapid heartbeat

Seattle Longitudinal Study

Extensive evaluation of intellectual abilities during adulthood Focus on individual change and stability in intelligence

_____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

Hospice

____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

Living will

Climacteric

Midlife transition in which fertility declines

Victor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning

Most distinct human qualities identified as: Spirituality Freedom Responsibility

Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?

Older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude.

Levinson

One transitional stage begins when individual gradually enters adult world mid life crisis

Jared theoretical approach-unconscious development-Freud

Psychoanalytic theory

Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining about nausea and fatigue. According to the symptoms given in the textbook, what could be her initial diagnosis?

She is going through menopause.

Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. This is an example of which model of social relations?

Social convoy model

Which of the following statements about lung capacity in middle-age is TRUE?

Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen.

Levinson's seasons of a man's life

Teens - Transition from dependence to independence 20s are a novice phase of adult development 30s are a time for focusing on family and career development By the 40s, man has a stable career and now must look forward to the kind of life he will lead as a middle-aged adult

What is the MOST common change in sleep patterns of adults during middle-age?

There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep.

In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early thirties through their late sixties/early seventies:

a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood

accomidation

adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

A(n) _____ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent.

advance directive

Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of:

age identity

Donald, 63 years old, retired and then decided he wanted to get back in the workforce. He was recently turned down for a job that fit his resume because he is older. Older adults not being hired for new jobs because they are perceived as too rigid or feeble-minded and are not considered cost effective are examples of:

ageism.

cellular clock theory

based on the idea that cells only have so many times that they can reproduce 75-80 times

life-span is

biological age a human reaches

Telomeres

ends of chromosomes become shorter after 70-80 replications

the belief of a midlife crisis has been

exaggerated

margi lockman and her colleagues

found that adults feel challenged with he responsibilities of life Her current work is aimed at identifying psychosocial (e.g., sense of control, social support) and behavioral (e.g., physical exercise) factors that can protect against, minimize, or compensate for declines in cognition (e.g., memory) and health.

study of healthy women from 63-93

found that older women have less negative emotions feel more at ease

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?

free-radical theory

Proximal growth

from in to out middle to out

Joshua, now in midlife, has been a Boy Scout leader since his children were small. He is taking great pride in watching his son take a leadership position in the scouts. His son is fulfilling Joshua's needs for:

generativity.

first two weeks after conception

germinal period

According to Levinson, middle adulthood

has more responsibility and more stress put on you

during middle age

high pitch sounds decline first

positive parental feedback is related to

high self-esteem cant show cause and effect only causation

social learning theory (Bandura)

imitation and obeservation

preoperational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

concrete operational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

formal operational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

33 (32) years old- finds themselves in between job and family trying to balance it out

in the process of determining what their goals are

Erectile dysfunction

inability to achieve and maintain an erection

Glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

kevin is 46 years old learning how to cook for his family

levitsin said he is trying to incorporate (feminine) characteristics

_____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

life expectancy

roden and langer increased longevity is related to

maintaining independence and making decisions for themselves

Optimization

maintaining performance through practice

A study of more than 1,000 college students by Currier, Holland, and Neimeyer found that _____ was an important factor in their grieving of a violent loss by accident, homicide, or suicide.

making sense

The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as:

mitochondria

free radical theory

oxygen molecules with an unstable electron move around the cell, damaging cell structures as they go eat anti-oxidants to live longer mitochondria

a person who feels most insecure is related to

neuroticism

Barnaby's story is that his psychological functioning peaked in midlife, plateaued until his late fifties, and then modestly declined for a while. At the end of his life his functioning declined dramatically. His story reflects:

normal aging.

Selection

reduced capacity and loss of function which require a reduction in performance in most life domains

compensation

reward

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.

semantic

Prolonged or complicated grief is associated with grief that lasts:

six months.

Chronic disorders

slow onset and long duration

Clara is frustrated because the closed captioning is moving too fast on the television. The people talk too fast and the words in the closed captioning are moving too fast. Clara is experiencing:

slower perceptual speed

at the age of 50 the best predictors for making it to 75-80

smoking and drinking

Acacia's story of aging is one of long life. She maintained her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development well into her late years, putting off her time of decline much later than most. Her story reflects:

successful aging.

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment.

sustained

in a 2004 survey

the primary reason older women wanted a divorce was because of verbal physical or emotional abuse (after children leave)

selective optimization with compensation theory

the theory that successful aging is related to three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation

women may be habituated to

verbal emotional and physical abuse

As an organizer for the local community center Ralph is always looking for ways to convince older adults to get active. Recently he found a 2016 study by Han and others showing that _____was the strongest predictor of lower risk for cardiovascular disease.

volunteering

women befriend other people (support groups)

when they get upset

_______lose bone mass twice as fast as men do

women

The slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in _____, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

working memory