HGC U2 Iran
How do experts believe the stigma will affect a person's oppeness to get medical treatment?
They think it will drive people away
How do healthcare workers compare the risk of COVID and Monkeypox
They think monkeypox will be stopped quicker
Life 20 years after the revolution
- Anti- American murals and portraits - Boys and Girls had to secretly meet - People were very secretive and life inside house was much different than outside
Life right after the revolution
- Controlling media from western influence - Segregation of sexes - Mandatory head scarves for women - Can't ride motorcycles, can't play music or watch TV
How is monkey- pox spread?
- Direct contact with virous - It can happen during intercourse, hugging, face-to-face contact - It can spread to pregnant women's fetuses through the placenta
Article 370
- It is an article in the Indian constitution giving Kashmir/ Jammu a special status from 1952-2019 It gave Kashmir its own flag, separate constitution, and laws - It was revoked in 2019, crating the Kashmiri people to protest greatly
What differences do the pathogens that cause COIVD- 19 and monkeypox have?
- Monkeypox is a DNA vrius whereas COVID is an RNA virus. DNA is more stable so it does not mutate as much - COVID 19 can spread thourgh aerosals or close contact and monkeypox spreads through contact and less easy to get
Significance of 2011 Anti- Gov protests
- Occur in Kashmir Valley - Many die in brutal protests, 2,000 unidentified bodies in unmarked graves near LOC This shows how out of control the situation is
As soon as independence was announced, British troops
Withdrew and responsibility was handed to... The Indian Army. (Chiefly British officer forced) (A way for GB to have some control but not all)
How is this protest movement also a political movement
Women are told how to dress and women are defying those rules
Are there rules in Iran regarding head coverings today?
Yes. It is required. The hijab must be worn in public
Life 40 years after the revolution (about a year ago)
- Public PDA was allowed - They had social media (allowed them to post ways of rebelling) - Women were seen without headscarves - People could ride motorcycles, watch TV
What does India strip Kashmir/ Jammu of in 2019
- Their special status that gave it significant autonomy - Kashmiris become very angry and protest This is known as Article 370
What types of images are shown regarding monkeypox and why has monkeypox just gotten so much attention?
- They typically shows dark- skinned people and it stigmatizes Africans - It is getting attention because it is now in the Global North
Though Amini's singular death led to the protests, ____ have died in the protests thus far.
41 and counting
When was the facial- rec rule implemented?
August 15th
How does Khamenei react to the Anti- Government protestors?
He says these were also planned by the US and Israel as they have burned the Quran, removed hijabs, and set fire to mosques and banks. He DOES NOT approve of them.
What new sanctions has the US placed on the Iranian government?
1. Allow American Tech firms to expand business in Iran where the internet has been cut due to protests 2. Sanctioned Oil and it cannot be shipped (only certain people can ship. You break the oil aw, you get a penalty.) 3. Gave 7 financial leader penalties
How to protect yourself from monkeypox
1. Avoid skin to skin contact with people who have rash 2. Avoid contact with objects people with the virus touch 3. Wash hands often
Simla Agreement
An agreement between India and Pakistan saying no more fighting, only peaceful agreements/ talks. Creates the LOC
What organizations need to be informed about monkeypox
Any large scale event or veneues with close contact
What happens to those who break the hijab rule?
Arrests, dententions, and forced confessions on TV
What is the partition?
Britain designated Hindus to India (secular) and Muslims to Pakistan Kashmir didn't belong to any country and was given the choice of what region they wanted to join
How did the pandemic impact Colombia?
Business were not getting tourists, so they innovated by learning how to use technology to market to the world
1962 Indo- China war
China defeats India in a short war for control of the Aksai Chin, which leads China to get a small part of Kashmir
What to do if you have monkeypox/ is you need to travel with monkeypox
Cover rash, keep skin lesions dry, use medication, wash hands, moniotr symptoms and wear mask if travelling
Atlaf Ahmad Shah, a Kashmiri politician died in police custody. What were the circumstances of his death?
He was diagnosed with Kidney cancer and was transferred to a hospital where he died. Not many places have proper treatment - India consider this a proxy- war - Muslim Kashmiris Considerate it a legitimate freedom struggle - This shows that prison- systems don't supply avid healthcare
What was "plan B" for the British since Kashmir joined India?
GB invaded Kashmir and lead the Muslim troops to imprison and capture the Kashmir leader
Why did the British care so much about Kashmir joining India and why were they so shocked about it?
GB wanted Kashmir to go to Pakistan since Pakistan was strategically important against Russia in war. GB was surprised because they thought that things would work in their favor and Kashmir would accede to Pakistan.
Although anyone can get monkeypox, what populations are most at risk?
Gay men, Bisexual men,, and men who have sex with other men But anyone can get it
Why was Hari Singh undecided in 1947 about who Kashmir should join?
He needed more time to decide the right thing to do (either joining I or P). He was Muslim, but did not want to jeopardize the minority so he joined neither
How does Khamenei react to Mahsa Amini's death?
He says he is saddened, but tstates that the US adn Zionist regime planned this to happen. He acts acts like he is heartbroken, but he is not
What is monkey pox caused by?
Infection with the monkeypox virus
What does the International community vs. India say about the Kashmir conflict?
Int. Community- Says it is an Int. job India- Says it is an internal conflict
What are some issues with the current protest strategys
It does not have leadership, or corrdination
When British rule ends when happens to British India? (1947)
It is split into India and Pakistan Kashmir signs a treaty of accession with India, which leads to war
How is Tehran's protest movement impacting the rest of Iran?
It is spreading to many minorities and the giv. is very upset
What is the UN's stance for how this Kashmiri conflict should be addressed?
It should be setteled in a peaceful matter and they refer to the simla AGreement
**Though the Kashmiris could not unite under one party, both parties created launched a "Quit Kashmir: movement. What was it?
It was against the monarchy. Instead of fighting against each other, they fight GB out together.
Why is it called 'monkey- pox'?
It was found in a group of monkey's first
How do they predict a successor to Khamenei would impact Iran?
It would be a crisis. Khamanei is such a big part right now that if he replaced , it will feel like a random person is ruling
Two vaccines available for monkeypox
JYNNEOS vaccine ACAM2000 vaccine - Smallpox can also be prevented by these
In October of 1947, Kashmiri changed its status what did they do?
Kashmir accedes to India and the 1st accord is signed
How is the prevalence of multiple illnesses at once impacting children?
Kids are getting sick easier, so they are out of school often. They have weaker immune systems because of lockdown/ covid so people have to fight more.
Description of life 20 years after the revolution
Life was still restricting in public and hatred of Western values grew, more rebellious
Description 40 years after the revolution (about a year ago)
Life was still restricting, but more freedoms were granted
Description of life right after the revolution
Life was very restricting and chaotic
What happened to Mahsa Amini that led to these protests?
Mahsa Amini was brutally killed by brutality police for wearing a hijab "too loosely". She was brutally beaten, the police said it was a heart attack.
What is common in all the Indo- Pakistani wars?
Many end in ceasefire and do not resolve the issues
Iranian Women Before the Revolution
More Freedom! - Higher education - Freedom to choose what to wear - Family and friends, men and women could get together - Could go to hairdresser and wear their hair out - Women could wear what they wanted out of the house
Iranian Women After the Revolution
Much less Freedom! - Women must wear hijab - Protests against Western lifestyles and the hijab - Families forced to go Friday prayers - Women must wear black clothing and hijab that covers them - Not allowed to wear swimsuits in public or swim with males
How much difference of opinion is there in the Iranian government about how to handle the situation
No one has a voice, so it has to be the same opinion across
How prevalent was monkey-pox before 2022?
Not really prevalent in US, but several cases in central and western africa
Which health field is seeing advancements due to MRNA?
Oncology because it recognizes cells and fights them off faster, like COVID- vaccine. They are also individualized for each person
UN Resolution 47
Pakistan and India are to reduce military in Kashmir
How are people showing solidarity with the women of Iran?
People are cutting their hair, raising flags, waving their hijabs in the air, protest march's, chanting Mahsa Amini's name and demanding justice and freedom outside gov. buildings and embassy's
What kinds of messages need to be sent regarding monkeypox?
Prevention messages informing the community with general info. The messages should be non-judgemental and use relatable personal stories
Where is the facil rec tech being placed?
Public Places in Iran (Cities and public transportation)
Primary symptoms of Monkey- pox
Rashes, Itchy blisters around body Exhaustion, fever, chills, muscle aches, repiratory symptoms, etc - Symptoms appear within 3 weeks - It is contagious from when rashes start to when they heal
Who is Masih Alinejad and how does she promote protest of these rules?
She promotes civil dis- obedience. She was an exile from the Iranian gov. She promotes the hijab being optional through social media. She posts peoples content that get sent to her.
What happened to Nika Shakarami and why?
She went missing after being chased by police and was found dead
Why does the government feel this rule with the hijab/ facial tech is needed?
Since people are starting to protest and defy the laws
Why did the US act quickly to put in the sanctions this time?
Since the US was too slow to respond in 2009
After partition was announced why was Kashmir in a "state of confusion?"
Since they weren't sure if they should join a new nation (India & Pakistan) or stay sovereign
What could happen to these women who protest? What are the potential consequences?
Some people support, some people protest back, up to 2 months to years in prison, brutality officer attacks, fined
Pakistan Then Vs. Now
THEN: A Muslim state with an Islamic Government NOW: Population: 97 million, Religion 2% Hindu, 96% Muslim
India Then Vs. Now
THEN: Secular (but mostly Hindu state) NOW: Population: 1.3 billion, Religion 80% Hindu, 15% Muslim (Lots of violence btw them)
What are additional ways people are protesting
Tearing down posters of leaders and ripping them out of textbooks
Who is implementing the hijab rules?
The Iranian Government The HQ for promoting virtue and preventing vice
How is the UN involved in the Kashmir conflict?
The UN asks Pakistan to remove all troops and a plebiscite is set up. (They decide on a compromise from both leaders)
Who does Khamenei claim planned the protests?
The US and Israel (Zionist Regime)
Why does the US have to treat this situation very carefully? What else is going on?
The US has to treat this very carefully because of JCPOA, a nuclear agreement where Iran agreed to scale back their nuclear program
How does the US plan to help Iranians in this time of need?
The US is working to make internet access easier, so organizers can make and show their protests
Who is Hari Singh?
The last ruling Maharaja or king of Jammu and Kashmir
After a long campaign for Indian independence, Britain began planning, but this was not easy because...
There was intercommunal violence between Hindu, Sikhs, and Muslims they were disagreeing what religion the state should be
What is this main rule enforced by the Iranian Government?
The mandatory hijab laws
Line of Control
The military control line that divides Kashmir in half between India and Pakistan
1965 War over Kashmir
The second war between Pakistan and India which again ends in ceasefire
How did Pakistan react to Singh making Kashmir undecided?
There was an invasion. Pakistan invades Kashmir to annex it and they get a portion
How is the government determining who is breaking the rules?
They are going to use surveillance technology to detect people not wearing a hijab in public
How are the monkeypox stigmas seen among healthcare workers
They are nervous about doing testing because they are scared about coming in contact with the disease and they claim they don't have the proper training, but they are more nervous about COVID
Who is the US going to target in the new sanctions and why?
They are targeting morality police and people who are TAKING the rights away
Who does the Amini family blame for Mahsa's death
They believe she was beaten to death by morality police. Witnesses have also told them this
What did many of the speakers say is the role of the international community in this scenario
They can help protest and make a difference. They can hold the Iranian Government to account
How did the hackers react to the scenario?
They hacked into the TV want justice for Mahsha AMini and more. The showed the mask, image of leade with flames, slogans, images of the women who passed awaay, and demanded justice.
Who does the Police and Government blame for Mahsa Amini's death?
They insist she had a heart attack that came from a pre- exisitng condition
What similarities do the pathogens that cause COIVD- 19 and monkeypox have?
They jump from animals to humans and vice versa (zoonotic) - They are both viruses
**Why was there so much atrocity that lead to the honor killings?
They only had 24 hours to leave, so if it was slowed down they could have been better off
How do women in Iran use social media to protest?
They post videos and pictures of hijabless women protesting
What was the largest mass migration in history?
This mass migration consisted of Muslims travelling to Pakistan and Hindus to India. There is a lot of violence in this process
Tensions caused by partition remain, as demonstrated by Kashmir because...
Three full scale wars broke over it. The conflict was not solved
What was signed to bring a ceasefire to the first war in Kashmir?
UN Resolution 47 Kashmir is eventually partitioned after this
Why is Khamenei so quick to blame the US and Israel for everything?
US- They are the West and they have disliked Western Influence and the US getting involved in their incidents Israel- They have always argues and fought with them over border countries. They also have nuclear issues too
What is the main group involved in the protests?
University Students and High School Girls. Mostly the Youth
What are honor killings?
When a persons own family kills them because they fear certain consequences coming is worse
Partition impacted the British Empire's military capacity because...
it no longer had the Indian Army at its disposal. (India would no longer serve for GB and GB lost a lot of army)
Partition was the conclusion decided upon by British authorities, so there would be a mainly Hindu India and a mainly Muslim Pakistan, but for Kashmir...
it was given a choice of which country to join, but failed to join either, so they are the focus of dispute - Kashmir chose Neither!
After British rule in India ended the Indian Army had to be divided because...
of the conflict between Muslims and Hindus
The Partition impacted the British Empire because...
the Indian countries had been a part of many colonies GB secured to protect its trade routes
Why are so many of the speakers unsure of what the result of the protest movement might be
they are worried about the price that might have to be paid because of the protests. It happened in the past and did not work
