HIS 182 ch. 14 questions

significance of silver trade

"went around the world and made the world go round" bolivia (Potosi) and japan increases the silvery supply connected America and Asia and initiated a web of pacific commerce

How did the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and British initiatives in Asia differ from one another?

Portuguese established military bases in key locations through violence and created a trading post empire. aimed to control commerce not territory and ended up selling shipping services, carrying Asian goods to Asian ports Spanish gained control over Philippines through gifts and favors to the local chiefs. used Catholicism as well to control subjects which led to a bloodless takeover had total control over the territory and silver production Dutch controlled shipping and production of cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and mace. seized control of a number of Southeast Asian spice producing islands like Indonesia. forced people to sell only to the Dutch and destroyed crops if they refused well financed and commercially sophisticated with private trading companies through merchant investors British excluded from Dutch spice monopoly so they fell back in India could not take over because the Mughal empire was so strong so they got permission to secure trading bases with substantial payments and bribes pepper and other spices were important but they focused more on Indian textiles, a big demand in Europe

middle passage

millions of people primarily from africa were shipped to New World as part of atlantic slave trade millions died during the journey and few that made it were forced unto labor when they reached their destination

what extent did portuguese realize their own goals in Indian Ocean basin

found that their ships outgun and outmaneuver competing naval forces in the Indian ocean cannons for coastal contact established bases in many places in the Indian ocean- trading post empire tried to monopolize spice trade-required all merchant vessels to purchase a pass on cargoes

how did silver trade affect those areas

china saw silver as very valuable to point where they would not trade with anyone for anything unless they had silver spain went to americas and mined for silver to trade with china in Manila, Philippines china traded silver with japan after spain got a large sum of silver, china traded with europe spain took over philippines to trade in city of manila potosi was where mines were located and where spain got their massive amounts if silver from after pain took over manila, silver was able to be traded through the trade routes from americas to europe and asia without problems

significance of manila

manila capital of Philippines it was a pit-stop on the silver trade on the way to Potosi spanish could then trade with asia and other areas in the east

how equiano describes middle passage

describes it as a hellish period providing details about the horrific conditions on the slave ship such as starvation the stench smell the people who would go over board because they thought it would be better killed thousands before they made it to the shores speaks of the suffering of other slaves and dreadful punishments (beaten, burned, hanged, and cut)

areas that silver trade affected

europe, east asia, west africa, americas

What can Potosí tell us about the consequences of global trade in the early modern period?

horrendous conditions for workers in the mines and outside the mines. Many died. - environment suffered with mining techniques- deforested region and eroded soil - eventually all resource that fueled wealth will be gone and the city will start to decline. - not equal because while many suffered awful conditions of mines others grew wealthy off demand for silver - language barrier with many countries trading - trading disease - beliefs are traded/cultures traded - tension growing between different people

explains rise of atlantic slave trade

sugar was main cause Europeans established many sugar plantations in the Mediterranean and were limited with labor supply and so resulted to slavery. - Christians were exempt from slavery and Native Americans perished from European diseases, so Africans were left to be slaves. - Also, Africans had immunity to diseases and agricultural skills