HIS1100--Module 10--Modern America (10.32.M-10.35.T)

"Free at last, Free at last"

"I Have A Dream"

Why did many industries move manufacturing jobs to the South after the 1950s?

"Right to work" laws made labor cheaper in the South.

When American forces reached the Yalu River in late 1950 ______________________________.[choose all that apply]

1. General MacArthur announced that most American troops would be home for Christmas. 2. Chinese forces crossed the border and attacked.

President Eisenhower's decision to threaten economic sanctions against these three nations if they did not halt their attack on Egypt strained international relations in the 1950s. [choose 3]

1. Israel 2. France 3. Great Britain

What was different about Kennedy's Inaugural Address? [choose all that apply]

1. It was one of the shortest. 2. It was powerful because it was simple. 3. Kennedy did not pledge himself to a specific agenda. 4. It was meant to encourage and uplift the American people.

The two most popular sitcoms of the 1950s were ____________________________. [choose two]

1. Leave it to Beaver 2. I Love Lucy

What conditions existed in Europe following World War II? [choose all that apply]

1. Most cities had been damaged by ground warfare and bombing. 2. Industry was devastated. 3. Transportation was hampered because of the destruction brought by the war. 4. Farmland lay fallow or had been severely damaged.

Why was it difficult for President Truman to get many parts of his domestic agenda passed? [choose all that apply]

1. Most people didn't see the need for more social welfare as the economy improved. 2. The Dixiecrats were more likely to vote with the Republicans. 3. Truman lacked the political skill to convince Congress to agree with him.

What conditions existed in the late 1940s that led to America's first experiment with subsidized public housing? [choose all that apply]

1. Most racial minorities were trapped in the cities where housing was limited and substandard. 2. Racial discrimination made it almost impossible for blacks and Hispanics to obtain mortgages or insurance.

Which of the following are factors for the growth of organized Christianity during the 1950s? [choose all that apply]

1. People wanted to be sure that their children received moral and religious instruction. 2. Billy Graham helped lead a major evangelical revival during the period. 3. The practice of some form of Christianity was to be more American. 4. People were looking for a place of peace and stability in a troubled world.

Which of the following is true of the HUAC activities in the age of "McCarthyism"? [choose all that apply]

1. Their investigations prompted a dispute between Senator McCarthy and the Secretary of the Army. 2. Hollywood drew up lists of unemployable Communists and Communist sympathizers. 3. The American people saw the unpleasant nature of McCarthy and the hearings on television, which shaped public opinion. 4. State legislatures began requiring loyalty oaths of faculty in-state colleges and schools.

What purposes did advertising and commercials play in the live television broadcasts of the 1950s? [choose all that apply]

1. They gave television crews time to change sets, repair equipment, or make adjustments during live broadcasts. 2. They provided revenue to TV stations and networks.

What was Martin Luther King, Jr's "dream?" [choose all that apply]

1. a country where race was irrelevant 2. a country where character was the most important factor in judging a person 3. a country where justice would be equal

The Montgomery Bus Boycott ________________________________________. [choose all that apply]

1. began in Martin Luther King, Jr's church 2. was inspired by the bravery of Rosa Parks 3. ended segregation of buses in the United States

As a result of the shift in public opinion sparked by the video evidence of violence against black protesters in Birmingham, Alabama, ____________________________________. [choose all that apply]

1. city leaders negotiated with King and the SCLC 2. lunch counters in the city were desegregated

Martin Luther King, Jr's essay Letter from Birmingham Jail argued that ____________________________. [choose all that apply]

1. civil disobedience against segregation was consistent with Constitutional principles 2. civil disobedience against segregation was consistent with Christian principles

How did eligibility requirements for subsidized public housing affect the family structure of residents? [choose all that apply]

1. most children grew up without fathers since residents were required to be single mothers 2. children grew up unsupervised and undisciplined and often turned to crime

What was General Matthew Ridgeway's strategy in Korea? [choose all that apply]

1. use superior artillery and air power to weaken the enemy before engaging on foot 2. seize and hold the high ground

What State Department official was accused of betraying America to the Soviets and was tried and convicted of perjury in 1949?

Alger Hiss

Robert F. Kennedy

Attorney General

What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott? Answer in one to two sentences.

Before the boycott, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white man, and was arrested. This was a boycott in support of her and to change the segregation issue on buses.

Eugene T. "Bull" Conner

Birmingham Police Commissioner

What was the primary political issue that drove the formation of the "Dixiecrats"?

Civil Rights

Why was the possibility of nuclear weapons being placed in Cuba so troubling to the United States?

Cuba is only 90 miles south of Florida.

Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that led in the case that overturned racial segregation in public schools?

Earl Warren

The "Suez Crisis" occurred when the Americans canceled an offer to provide funds to construct a hydroelectric dam in this nation.

Egypt

Who was the world's first "rock star" in the modern sense of the word?

Elvis Presley

According to the course material, who was the winner of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Fidel Castro

The 1957 Cuban revolution was led by a Marxist revolutionary named _____________________.

Fidel Castro

Which of the following is NOT true of the U-2 spy plane incident? Francis Gary Powers was able to escape to friendly territory before being captured. President Eisenhower initially denied American intent to spy on the Soviets. An American U-2 spy plane was shot down in Soviet airspace. It ended the building relationship between the US and the Soviet Union.

Francis Gary Powers was able to escape to friendly territory before being captured.

Japan was governed by the office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). Who held the role of Supreme Commander?

General Douglas MacArthur

Who developed a program in the years following the war to provide financial aid to all European countries?

General George C. Marshall

What new strategy did General Ridgeway bring when he entered the Korean conflict? Answer in two to three sentences.

General Ridgeway had a fresh perspective on the battle and had a very defensive strategy. He made the next move to be to take the high ground and use weaponry and gunfire to halt the enemy before an encounter on foot. He also wanted to use cars less to be on more even footing with North Korean soldiers.

Ross Barnett

Governor of Mississippi

The first sit-in of the 1960s occurred in _________________________.

Greensboro, North Carolina

What was one important reason why John F. Kennedy was at a disadvantage in the 1960 election campaign?

He was Catholic.

The UN coalition planned an invasion of the port city of _______________ as a bold maneuver to drive back North Korean forces.

Inchon

In order to accommodate increasing automobile traffic in the 1950s, the federal government authorized the construction of the ________________________________.

Interstate Highway System

What was the result of the Korean War?

It has not technically ended.

What was the result of the meeting between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev in Vienna in 1961?

It resulted in the construction of the Berlin Wall.

What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee?

Its purpose was to investigate domestic subversion wherever it appeared.

Who gave the North Korean leader tentative permission to invade South Korea in 1950?

Joseph Stalin

What was the most important event of the August 28, 1963 "March on Washington?"

King's "I Have a Dream Speech"

The suburban development that was the first example of a modern suburb was called _____________________.

Levittown

The students at the center of the federal intervention to force the desegregation of the public schools were called the _______ __________ _____________.

Little Rock Nine

Why did President Truman relieve General MacArthur of command in Korea?

MacArthur was insubordinate to the President.

Nation of Islam

Malcolm X

In what city did the resistance to the freedom riders become violent and end in serious injuries to at least two people?

Montgomery, Alabama

Why were North Korean forces able to push back the Americans in Korea so easily in the early stages of the war?

Most American troops were not prepared for combat.

The theory or principle which implied that if either side started a war and attacked with nuclear weapons, the other side would also attack, thereby destroying each other was called ______________________________.

Mutually Assured Destruction

In response to the first successful satellite launch, Congress created this new agency.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The divided liberation of China set the stage for the renewed Chinese civil war that would soon break out between Chiang's ________________ and Mao's ________________ .

Nationalists; Communists

Who was the first Soviet leader to ever visit the United States?

Nikita Khrushchev

What were the trials of Nazi war criminals collectively called?

Nuremberg War Crime Trials

In the Election of 1948, the Democratic Party split not once but twice. In two or three sentences, name the two new "parties" that the split produced and who was behind them.

One of the new parties was the Progressive Citizens of America, run by Henry A. Wallace. The other new party was the States' Rights Democratic Party, led by J. Strom Thurmond.

Who made McDonald's the nation's largest single restaurant chain?

Ray Kroc

Who was the Republican nominee for President in the Election of 1960?

Richard Nixon

The black female civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat to a white man was ___________ ______________.

Rosa Parks

Under President Truman, what federal entitlement program expanded?

Social Security

What Conference did the United States and Great Britain attend to address the punishment for Nazi War Crimes, and how to bring those responsible to justice?

The London Conference

During World War II, where was the decision made to create an international organization to succeed where the League of Nations had failed?

The San Francisco Conference

Why did the UN resolution on the Korean War pass the Security Council?

The Soviet Union was boycotting in protest and did not cast its veto.

Why did the United States see more economic benefit from the end of the war than any other nation that had been involved?

The United States saw no combat on its home soil and exited the war relatively unharmed.

In response to the creation of NATO, the Soviet Union created a competing organization called ________________________.

The Warsaw Pact

In what meeting did Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet to discuss the Russian involvement in the war against Japan and Allied occupation policy in Europe once Germany was defeated?

The Yalta Conference

What was the primary difference between the First "Red Scare" of the 1920s and the Second "Red Scare" of the 1950s?

The first "Red Scare" played out in the press, while the second played out in the halls of Congress.

In two or three sentences, summarize the impressions left on the American people in the first televised presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy.

The first televised debate had different effects on radio vs television listeners. Television listeners thought that Kennedy would for sure win the election because he was much more eloquent and visibly composed and prepared, while radio listeners thought that Nixon would win or that it would be a tie.

Who was the Republican candidate in the Election of 1948 that was such a favorite that a major newspaper printed the headline announcing his victory before the results were in?

Thomas E. Dewey

What prompted the United States to begin a naval blockade of Cuba in 1962?

US intelligence showed missile launch sites in Cuba.

Dr. Benjamin Spock's book, The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, ______________________________________________________________.

advised parents toward a more permissive and relaxed parenting style

The Warren Commission determined that both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby acted _________________.

alone

The generation of children born between 1945 and the late 1960s are known as the "_________ _________" generation.

baby boom

Sixteenth Street Baptist Church

bombed - 4 killed

George Kennan's article, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," called for America to follow a policy of "____________________" to keep Communism in the places where it was already established.

containment

Starting in the 1930s, the NAACP focused their efforts on ending segregation in __________________.

education

Which of the following was NOT one of the main points of Truman's domestic program?

federal funding for unemployment benefits

The ring of satellite states that surrounded Russia and lay in the Soviet sphere of influence became known by the phrase "_______ _________" especially after Winston Churchill used it in a speech in 1946.

iron curtain

The Twenty-Second Amendment ___________________________-.

limits the President to two terms in office

Germany was divided into four _________ ______ which would be self-contained and governed separately from the others.

occupation zones

Where did Lyndon Johnson take the oath of office as President of the United States after the assassination of President Kennedy?

on board Air Force One

Within two months of North Korea's invasion of South Korea, American and South Korean forces were pushed back to an area called the "_______________ _______________."

pusan perimeter

In the 1960s, the primary tactic of the Civil Rights Movement was the ___________________.

sit-in

Woolsworth Department Store

student sit-in

The single most important development in American culture in the 1950s was the rise of ________________.

television

What promise did Khrushchev receive in return for the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

that the Americans would never invade Cuba

Where was the dividing line between the Allied sector and the Soviet sector of the Korean peninsula?

the 38th parallel latitude

After the United States declined to send further aid to the Nationalists in China, Mao Zedong founded ____________________________.

the People's Republic of China

Which of the following are the political party/parties created by Democratic split(s) in the Election of 1948? [choose all that apply]

the Progressive Citizens of America the States' Rights Democratic Party

In 1957, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. helped found this organization that quickly took leadership in the Civil Rights Movement?

the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Who rejected the offers of the Marshall Plan?

the Soviet Union

In response to the momentum caused by sit-ins, black and white students formed ___________________________________.

the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

Who officially declared American involvement in the Korean War?

the United Nations

James Meredith sued this institution for not admitting him because of his color, in defiance of federal law?

the University of Mississippi

The single most important factor shaping the growth of the new youth culture was ___________________________________.

the development of rock-n-roll music

What event led to Congress reopening the investigation into the assassination of John F. Kennedy?

the television broadcast of the Zapruder film

What was the purpose of the Taft Hartley Labor Act?

to curb the power of the labor unions

What was the original purpose of the CIA?

to gather information

What is the job of the UN Security Council?

to oversee and maintain international peace and security

The Civil Rights Act of 1960 __________________________________________.

was an attempt to stop Southern limitations on voting rights

The Civil Rights Act of 1957 ________________________________________________. [choose all that apply]

was passed with the leadership of Lyndon B. Johnson created a Civil Rights Commission to protect voting rights was largely ineffective created a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice