HIST 2 Chapter 16
By midsummer of 1865, it became clear that planters would not surrender their land and power without a fight. What happened next? -Andrew Johnson took a tour of the country and held rallies at which he criticized and insulted Republicans in Congress. -Republicans drafted and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to prevent Southern states from enacting Black Codes. -President Johnson blocked the confiscation of plantations and authorized provisional governors to raise militias. Correct -Radical Republicans evicted unrepentant Southerners upon their return to Congress and relaunched the Reconstruction process.
President Johnson blocked the confiscation of plantations and authorized provisional governors to raise militias.
As opposition to the cost of Reconstruction grew in Southern states, poor white farmers increasingly blamed -the cash-starved economy. -Republican lawmakers and freed people. -crop failures. -the volatile global cotton market.
Republican lawmakers and freed people.
By 1868, which state was leading the way to ensure married women had the right to hold property and retain their earnings independent of their husbands? -South Carolina Correct -New York -Massachusetts -California
South Carolina
Which of the following statements about the 1876 case of U.S. v. Cruikshank is FALSE? -The case emboldened and empowered white supremacists across the South. -The case sent a message to white supremacists that wanton murder would not be tolerated under the Constitution. -The case dismissed the convictions of three white men under the Enforcement Act. -The court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment and Fifteenth Amendment did not apply to the conduct of private, non-state entities.
The case sent a message to white supremacists that wanton murder would not be tolerated under the Constitution.
Which statement about new state constitutions ratified in the wake of the Reconstruction Act of 1867 is FALSE? -The new state constitutions of the South were more egalitarian and democratic than any of the Northern ones. -New state constitutions repealed all the Black Codes enacted two years prior. -The new state constitutions enshrined Republican power for the next generation. Correct -Many of the new Southern constitutions provided for public education.
The new state constitutions enshrined Republican power for the next generation.
Why did Black Southerners prioritize education in their communities during Reconstruction? -Southern African Americans had always spent significant time and effort on education. -Southern Black people knew that education would guarantee them civic equality. -Education was the way out of the South. -They saw in education the chance for economic, cultural, and spiritual progress.
They saw in education the chance for economic, cultural, and spiritual progress.
Abraham Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan was based on his constitutional argument that Southern states had never seceded and therefore remained legitimate states, as well as on his political argument that harsh punishment for Southern states would be counterproductive. True False
True
If the presidential election in the United States operated on a purely democratic system of majority vote, then there would not have been a compromise of any kind in 1877. True False
True
In 1868, a traveler touring the United States would have been more likely to find a Black man employed as a sheriff, mayor, or member of Congress in the South than in the North. True False
True
In 1875, Americans were celebrating Memorial Day as a reconciliation of white Americans over the Civil War. True False
True
In the South, the ban on buying, selling, and owning human beings did not at all clarify the meaning of freedom in daily life. True False
True
With regard to secession and war, what question did the Constitution NOT leave open? -Who was the commander-in-chief in a time of civil war? Correct -How should the nation rebuild the economies and political institutions of the rebel states? -How should the union readmit the seceded states? -Was reconstruction the responsibility of the president or Congress?
Who was the commander-in-chief in a time of civil war?
You could have heard someone called a scalawag, in 1868, in which context? A) a Southern Democrat and corn farmer talking about a Republican neighbor working as tax collector B) a free Black free city-dweller in the South talking reverently about the newly arrived teacher from Boston C) an employee of the Freedmen's Bureau from Ohio talking about freed people in the Carolina Lowcountry D) a Confederate veteran insulting a freed Black man from the across the street in a Southern town
a Southern Democrat and corn farmer talking about a Republican neighbor working as tax collector
Who would fit best with the Radical faction of the Republican Party by about 1865? -a Pennsylvania member of Congress still identifying with the Free Soilers more than the Republican Party -a Democrat from Tennessee with a deep dislike of wealthy cotton planters -an Ohio member of the House and former supporter of Stephen Douglas -a former Garrisonian abolitionist and early advocate for the Emancipation Proclamation
a former Garrisonian abolitionist and early advocate for the Emancipation Proclamation
The flow of investment capital into the South might have increased due to -a boll weevil infestation killing 80 percent of the South's cotton crop in 1868. -a massive cotton bumper crop over several years in the South but also in Egypt and India. -oil discoveries in the Texas panhandle. -a major bust in the railroad and Western mining industries in the latter 1860s.
a major bust in the railroad and Western mining industries in the latter 1860s.
Passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867 was prompted by A) anti-Black mob violence over the Fourteenth Amendment in Memphis, New Orleans, and other Southern cities. Correct B) Johnson's suspension of land distribution under the auspices of the Freedmen's Bureau. C) Southern states' passage of Black Codes. D) the refusal of Southern states to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment.
anti-Black mob violence over the Fourteenth Amendment in Memphis, New Orleans, and other Southern cities.
Why did Congress pass the Enforcement Act of 1870? A) The law gave the Union army the power to force constitutional reform in the former Confederacy. B) because Southern states could or would not confront the Klan. C) It was the only way the Fifteenth Amendment could be made to matter in the South. D) It was difficult to collect taxes in the South without it.
because Southern states could or would not confront the Klan.
The Colfax massacre of 1873 did NOT A) result in the death of 280 Black men and three white men. B) see the White League overwhelm the Black militia with artillery. C) begin with white people's attempt to unseat a Republican judge and registrar. D) begin with Black veterans boasting about their Civil War exploits in front of the Colfax courthouse.
begin with Black veterans boasting about their Civil War exploits in front of the Colfax courthouse.
What forced Southern Reconstruction governments to rethink the region's dependency on cotton? -economic developments in India, Egypt, and Brazil -hostile British tariffs against Southern cotton -the refusal of freed Black people to work in agriculture -stifling new regulations imposed by the federal government
economic developments in India, Egypt, and Brazil
In 1873, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that -"separate but equal" had no place in public education. -states had to provide equal facilities for people of color. -the Fourteenth Amendment regulated states' actions, not those of private individuals. -federal citizenship was protected from racial discrimination, but rights granted by states were not.
federal citizenship was protected from racial discrimination, but rights granted by states were not.
Which of the following could have occurred in the South in the spring of 1867? -African Americans protesting the use of military tribunals in the -South Black women submitting ballots at a state election -freed people sitting in the front of streetcars Correct -white militias killing Black militiamen by the hundreds
freed people sitting in the front of streetcars
Where would you have found a carpetbagger in 1868? -on a Mississippi cotton plantation -in the streets of New York slums -at a meeting of Confederate veterans -in a Union League office in Mobile Alabama
in a Union League office in Mobile Alabama
Members of the Ku Klux Klan had a penchant for violence and terror and also made an effort to spare and protect children. were attuned to the needs and interests of white women. knew how to put on a show. had some progressive thoughts on the place of immigrants in American society
knew how to put on a show.
After the end of chattel slavery in the South, freed women aspired to withdraw from field labor and domestic service. What percentage of Southern freed women were nevertheless working for wages by the 1880s? -over 10 percent -over 20 percent -over 50 percent -over 90 percent
over 50 percent
The Union's strategy of warfare in the South after 1863 could best be described as A) search and destroy. B) protect and serve. C) scorched earth. D) Correct winning hearts and minds.
scorched earth.
The great surprise with which many Southern white elites reacted to the joy expressed by formerly enslaved people at their liberation... A) shows how well they had deceived themselves into thinking that they had not been perpetrators of inhumane cruelty. B) is indicative of how well enslaved people had tricked Southern planters into thinking that slavery was not cruel. C) demonstrates how relatively benign racial slavery had been in the South when compared to other locales in the Western Hemisphere. D) is proof that most of them could not have known how cruel slavery had really been
shows how well they had deceived themselves into thinking that they had not been perpetrators of inhumane cruelty.
The Joint House and Senate Committee on Reconstruction did NOT work on -a new Freedmen's Bureau Bill. -the nation's first civil rights bill. -the establishment of military courts to enforce freed people's legal rights in the South. -the Fifteenth Amendment.
the Fifteenth Amendment.
Which group supported the Enforcement Act of 1870? -Liberal Republicans -middle-class Americans concerned with excessive federal authority -the Grant administration -Southern Democrats
the Grant administration
Congress clearly signaled that it considered Reconstruction to be the legislature's prerogative, not the president's, through -the Union Leagues. -the Thirteenth Amendment. -the Wade-Davis Bill. -the Klan Act
the Wade-Davis Bill
Under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act, which of the following would be illegal? -the deployment of federal troops against protesters who disobeyed police orders to clear a plaza -the segregation of interstate train travel on the basis of race -the integration of segregated public transportation in a Southern city -the denial of an illiterate man's right to vote
the deployment of federal troops against protesters who disobeyed police orders to clear a plaza
The Democratic Party's 1875 Mississippi Plan included what provision? -the guarantee of easy access to mail-in ballots -the intimidation of Black voters at the polls by armed white militias Correct -the extension of voting hours at night to accommodate voter turnout in Black neighborhoods -the permitting of designated representatives to drop off voters' ballots in their stead
the intimidation of Black voters at the polls by armed white militias
After their liberation from bondage, Southern freed people did NOT want A) to a miserly farm life in the Southern countryside. B) to grow cotton for the same people who had once kept them in bondage. C) to stay in the South among white people who hated them. D) to obey the laws and rules of a society that did not value them.
to grow cotton for the same people who had once kept them in bondage.
Literacy rates among Southern African Americans stood at about 5 percent in 1870. What was the rate twenty years later? -3 percent -10 percent -50 percent -70 percent
70 percent
Which event occurred at the end of the Civil War in Charleston, South Carolina? -A local Black actor played the role of a slave-market auctioneer on a flotilla. -Embittered free Blacks complained about the taunting street procession staged by local whites after the end of the war. -White city leaders and freed African Americans conducted a joint prayer vigil in celebration of the end of slavery. -Freed Blacks enacted their murderous revenge after centuries of cruelty.
A local Black actor played the role of a slave-market auctioneer on a flotilla.
What helped communities of people who had previously been enslaved weather the uncertainty and insecurity of the first months after the end of the Civil War? -the kindness and generosity of wealthy planters -the humble support and offers of friendship of poor Southern whites -Black men's training and experience in the Union army -friendly relationships with former slaveholders
Black men's training and experience in the Union army
Where and when would a Memorial Day celebration have included several speeches honoring the Emancipation Proclamation, a mourning remembrance of Abraham Lincoln, and an expression of gratitude for the efforts of Black soldiers? -Syracuse, NY, in 1864 -Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1876 -Charleston, South Carolina, in 1873 -Boston, Massachusetts, in 1866
Boston, Massachusetts, in 1866
Which of the following was NOT one of President Ulysses S. Grant's reactions to the shifting political winds in 1875? A) He tried to distance himself from Southern Republicans. B) He quietly extended patronage to moderate Southern Democrats. C) He gradually withdrew federal troops from Southern law enforcement. D) He stepped up federal law enforcement under the Ku Klux Klan Act to protect Black voting rights.
He stepped up federal law enforcement under the Ku Klux Klan Act to protect Black voting rights.
What was General William Tecumseh Sherman's Order No. 15? -It ordered the dispossession of all Georgia planters and the redistribution of their property to people who had formerly been enslaved. -It ordered the distribution of 40 acres of land to each family of formerly enslaved people in the Carolina Lowcountry and Sea Islands. -It instructed Union soldiers to burn down Atlanta and shoot on sight all Southern white civilians. -It forcefully conscripted all people who had formerly been enslaved into a public works force for the construction of vital roads
It ordered the distribution of 40 acres of land to each family of formerly enslaved people in the Carolina Lowcountry and Sea Islands
Which of the following could NOT have happened in 1870? A) a Black teacher posing for a photograph, surrounded by a class of fifty African American students in front of a new schoolhouse B) an African American family posing for a photograph with a cotton planter and landowner Incorrect C) Louisiana Lieutenant Governor Oscar Dunn riding first-class in a New Orleans streetcar Correct D) a freed person delivering mail for the U.S. postal service
Louisiana Lieutenant Governor Oscar Dunn riding first-class in a New Orleans streetcar
Which Southern freed person would have been most likely to organize a literacy program? A) Josiah Vanderfelt B) Matthew LeFry C) George Jackson D) Mary Isaacson
Mary Isaacson
