Historical Antecedent (Part 1)

Hippocrates

"Father of Greek Medicine"

Colosseum

Rome's stage for individual gladiatorial contest which held 50,000 spectators

Nebuchadnezzar

a Babylonian king who conquered Jerusalem, built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Isthar Gate.

Circus Maximus

a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races which accommodated some 300,000 people

Waterclock

a conical earthen vessel with hours equally marked off on the inside and spout at the bottom

Thales of Miletus

Father of Philosophy

Hieroglyphics

An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent individual objects or actions

City of Uruk

a great wonder not only because it is considered to be the first true city in the world

Hyksos

a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.

Lighthouse of Alexandria

a port for the ships that traded the goods manufactured in Egypt or imported in Egypt

Great Sphinx

a stone statue with a king's head and a lion's body to guard the pharaoh's tomb

Greece

an archipelago in the Southeastern part of Europe

Babylonia

ancient region bordering the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Southern Iraq)

Anaxagoras

argued that matter was composed of countless tiny particles, each made of dominant substances such as water mixed with other random substances

Greece

birthplace of western philosophy

Babylonian Civilization

book-keeping, zodiac signs, prediction of solar and lunar eclipses, jewelry-making, Code of Hammurabi, The Babylonian Map of the World, Astrology

Egyptian Civilization

both sexes wore jewelries, sandals, perfume and cosmetics-eye make-up and Kohl around the eyes to prevent or even cure eye diseases.

Egyptian Civilization

built pyramids such as Pyramid of Sakkara as Zoser's tomb and memorial and Pyramid of Khufu or Cheofs

Watermills

commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary form of food processing

Zodiac Signs

concept of horoscope

Roman Empire

considered to be the cradle of politics and governance

Gazettes

contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people, made metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed

Sumerian Civilization

cuneiform, sexagesimal, ziggurats, potter's wheel, materia medica,

Olympics

dedicated to the Olympian Gods

Greek Civilization

designed various mathematical models and mechanical systems to explain the planetary motions and mechanical systems

Archimedes

discovered the concept of gravity

Egyptian Civilization

first 365-day calendar was possibly devised by IMHOTEP

Vitruvius

first described the odometer as being used for measuring distance around 27BC, but evidence points towards Archimedes of Syracuse as its inventor

Babylonian Map of the World

first map

Hippocrates

first to regard medicine as a science apart from religion.

Egyptian Civilization

hieroglyphics, studies the heavens to record time, calculated the time by means of waterclock, built pyramids such as Pyramid of Sakkara as Zoser's tomb, Library of Alexandria, Obelisks and pillars

Hyksos Military Technology and System

horse driven light war chariots manned by warriors armed with bows, bronze swords and lances

Egyptian Civilization

invented and used many simple machines such as ramp and lever, to aid construction processes

Greek Civilization

invented the alarm clock

Archimedes

invented the science of hydrostatics (measurement and use of water power)

Egyptian Civilization

lighthouse technology was developed, the most famous example being the Lighthouse of Alexandria

Egypt

located in the Northeastern part of the African continent, a desert country thriving on an agricultural economy

Archimedes

made planetarium powered by water to demonstrate the movements of the sun and planets around the stationary earth

Galen

made the first steps for the advancement of the science of anatomy

Materia Medica

made up of assorted botanical, zoological and mineralogical ingredients

Babylonian Civilization

measurements made use of fractions, squares and square roots.

Ziggurats

mountain of god, served as the sacred place of their chief god

Empedocles

nature was a mixture of four elements: earth, fire, air and water

Roman Civilization

newspaper, gazettes, first books or codex, Roman numeral, constructed the Pantheon, implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilicas), aqueducts, amphitheaters and even residential houses

Egyptian Civilization

nobles, men and women wore wigs, they used a variety of preparations for the hair such as henna.

Anaximander

one of the first pioneer cartographers to create a map of the world

Pantheon

one of the world's greatest domed buildings

Jewelry-Making

originated from the Babylonians

Roman Empire

perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west

Thales, Phythagoras, Euclid

perfected geometry, as a single logical system

Archimedes

performed experiments which led him to discover the laws of lever and the pulley

Ptolemy

postulated the geocentric theory of the universe

Aristotle

proved the importance of critical observation and systematic means to identify and classify organisms

Cuneiform

set of word pictures depicted in symbols made of triangular marks

Book-Keeping

simple but adequate system of double-entry accounting

Greece

some of the major achievements include in-depth works on philosophy and mathematics

Egyptian Civilization

studies the heavens to record time, calculate distances/directions, forecast the seasons and predict annual flooding of the Nile river

Hippocrates

taught that diseases have natural causes and that somehow the human body is capable of healing or repairing itself

Thales of Miletus

taught that nature was composed of or convertible into water

Code of Ur-NAmmu

the oldest surviving law in the world and earliest existing legal text

Code of Hammurabi

the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety

Astrology

the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world

Egyptian Civilization

their knowledge of human anatomy, physiology and medical plants enabled them to master the art and science of embalming the dead.

Greek Civilization

transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age

Zodiacal Map of Sumer

used for practical mathematical and observational purposes

Egyptian Civilization

used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships

Egyptian Civilization

used tweezers and razors to remove unwanted body hair

Sexagesimal

using the number 60 as base, system of counting and a form of place notation

Greece

wise men were the first to systematically separate scientific ideas from superstition and stressed the logical development of general principles or theories about natural phenomena

Ptolemy

wrote the Almagest, wherein he presented his ideas and summarized those of the earlier Greek astronomers about the universe