History 1 May-mester TEST 1

1783-1848

America trying to figure out who we are, first GOV into place

Atlantic World=

Europe, Africa, North America, South America

Who ends up settling the New world

Europeans

Households are like small kingdoms

Father= ALWAYS WITHIN HOUSEHOLD "King of castle" Foundation/building block of society socially and economically.

Top of hierarchy (gentry or masters) adjectives

Fewest Elite Powerful Wealthy Stability&order: prize this more than anyone else because they have most to lose Hierarchy maintaining respect Patriarchy maintaining respect Deference maintaining respect *best way to illustrate how things are going* KEY evidence people appreciate who you are Most anxiety ridden in colony

Below gentry: Households of the "middling sort"

Folks who are doing well, not gentry not wealthy but they are doing fine and are well off. Farms 50-100 acres Blacksmith/silversmith/small buissness(Paul Revere) They make good money but they work. Good life good size family.

British Conquest of North America

French and Indian war. This is how great Britain becomes primary colonizer of what will become America.

*Shot heard around the world/ trip to concord*

essentially, this is the beginning of the war

Indentured Servants

extra work that needs to be done. Fewer masterless men and women and indentured servant and more and more slaves. Is a servant who is contracted to labor for someone else for a certain period of time. Someone who needs to escape London or other town to go to new world but don't have money. Go to court or and go to jail or become indentured servant. They pay your way to the new world. Your food is payed for, one change of clothes, shelter provided. You receive package at end of indenture includes some land, mule, tools and you can start your own farm. This is one of the few ways you can more up in hierarchy. You can come over as a nobody and rise up in ranks. Most were 18-22 years old both men and women. Many don't survive some have disease, infection, abused, treated unfair *In exchange for 7 years without pay*

Thomas Paine quote

"Blood os slain, weeping voice of nature cries, Tis Time to Part" All the people who died so far they died for nothing? What you have been living through is UN-natural

Most Famous part of *Model of Christian Charity"

"For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."

"Good Friday Massacre"

*1622* by this point Opechancanpugh and Powhatan confederacy is fed up and decide to *attack* because they believe colonist are getting greedy and are taking advantage of hospitality, messing up crops, also angry because colonist seemed to be disturbing hunting ground. Basically they were taking too much advantage of the land. *Led by Opechancanpugh* he was 65 and led the attack on Jamestown. 1/3 of colonist living there died. They also destroyed the iron works (buildings) as soon as this happened colonist retaliated. *Years go by and they are trading again*

LAST major attack

*1646* Opechancanpugh was at least 90 and he led his last attack. Its said that he couldnt even walk. He was probably taken *prisioner and killed*...others may say he escaped and was found shopping and someone shots him in the back?

King Philip's War

*1675* war breaks our between native americans and new england. King Philip was Native American leader. During this war James Printer was captured and was held by Nipmuck tribe (his own tribe) because since he converted he is enemy. He was held for ransom. *Mary Rowlandson* was also captured. Wife and mother who was also held for ransom. Mary and James meet and at some point they are paid ransom. Mary decided she wanted to write autobiography and it becomes first of new genre of literature CAPTIVITY NARRATIVE first edition. *James printer set the type for her book* Book sold well in Europe.

KING PHILIPS WAR

*1675-1676* Most often reffered to as Metacom or Metacomet. Became chief of Wampanoages in *1661*. WAS WAR BETWEEN NEW ENGLAND AND NATIVE AMERICANS. Caused by trade problems, Indian territory. Less positive interaction and more negative. Very calculated move on Native Americans *Bloodiest war per capatia* in American History. in 1600 there were 140,00 by 1675 when war begins we were down to 10,000 by 1675 colonist in New England was at 50,000 he organized federation of about 2/3 of tribes in area.

Stamps Act repealed

*1766* Colonists celebrate and this is their first real super big victory.

Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts

*1774* Parliament=Coercive Acts Colonist=Intolerable Acts Boston harbor was closed and wouldnt open until tea was paid back. They only let food and fire wood be imported. Town meetings were now banned. New governor was appointed and was calling the shots. New governor *general gage/ military man*. Put military authorities in charge. Any British soldiers from Massachusetts charged with crime will be taken to great Britain and charged there, outside of colony. New Quartering Act: British to house military in occupied in private homes colonists. They will come in and take over your home. Strong measures to put Massachusetts in their place.

First model group of europeans wanting to settle new world

*CASTILIAN MODEL* conquistadors, began in late 1400, first to expand, land shortage less farm land due to mountains and desserts, population increasing faster, BEST SAILORS AND WARRIORS OF THAT TIME, Mostly young men penny-less not alot of money, going to raise hell ex: steal rape kill, some to convert natives, hunting for gold dye silver perfume spices, gathering up wealth and loading into ships

Second group to want to settle new world

*DRAKE MODELS (ENGLAND)* Begins in 1750s, Pirates/sea dogs/provateers, Francis Drake first to=Most Famous for building smaller ships to move faster easier to menuvor,

Great Chain of Being- Top to Bottom

*God, angels, saints* *King/queen* *Gentry* (ruling people owning a lot of property, live off labor whiter the skin the better, overweight) *--------LABOR* (physical labor for a living) *Commoners* (pesant) *Animals* *Plants* (above line; somebody, below lone; nobody)

Example of someone coming to the new world during great migration

*JOHN WINTHROP b:1587 d:1649* Wealthy not looking for treasure Puritan lawyer with law practice in England, member of gentry, Leader of Massachusetts Bay Company/ colony, 42 years old when left England (at this time thats really old), married to 3rd wife first 2 died in childbirth, Children from newborn>adults. Has more to lose than more to gain.

Beginning of problems of Road to Revolution: 3rd)

*Quartering Act* (will be a second one) *1765* happens due to request colonist made: sent letter requesting 5,000 extra troops to be sent PARLIAMENT SENT 10,000: double what they asked...Why??? They wanted to keep peace to protect colonist and they colonies will have to pay for them and it will lower costs. So quartering act said colonies will have to pay cost for food, drink, and shelter for the troops. *COLONISTS RESENT THIS*

Third Model settlement

*Raiding/Base Camp (England)* New approach to pirating working out of base camps, first one= Roanoke Colony 1586 but when they settle it they didnt think of it as a colony ends up failing (Lost Colony), founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, single expiditions less popular, Pooled resource= "joint stock companies" aka limited liability

Beginning of problems of Road to Revolution: 2ND)

*SUGAR ACT* of 1764 was tax put on imported wine, silk, tropical food, AND SUGAR <<<<< every colonist and colonial home needed and had sugar; they used it all day everyday. To take sugar every family will notice. They also went beyond this; they pilled on "If you do not pay this tax will be shipped to England in front of british jury (they already thought they were dirt/ not a jury of your peers) Colonist protest: first major protest.....SO *british reduced tax*; this is where british look weak and now the colonist know the protest worked.

Beginning of problems of Road to Revolution: 4rd)

*Stamps Act* The stamp on the items proved that you had payed the tax. A tax on things made of paper for the most part, newspapers , books, stationary, dice (few things not made of paper). In it of itself....not a huge deal. Protected colonists; Cost your average american less than 3 dollars a year. On top of that all proceeds went to the colony......BUT they were not consulted. Was supposed to go into effect on Nov 1, 1765 *BIGGEST IMPACT ON* Printers Journalists Lawyers (deeds; wills; contracts) Tavern owners (during this time if man and interested in politics you went to taverns to find newspapers, kind of like a library; great place to find what was going on) City dwellers (more access to newspapers) THE FIRST PIECE OF LEGISLATION PASSED WITH HIGHLY ORGANIZED PROTEST The Protest in colonies *politically* -Stamp Act Congress formed (first congress?) *they will duplicate this later* Took delegates from each congress to meet and ask how they should react. 37 delegates from 9 colonies met in New York City (central meeting place) October 1765 issued written protest (basically represents all colonists to get the attention) The Protests in colonies *economically* -Boycotted British goods -Most of what colonist purchased was from great Britain so for them to boycot british goods it was a big deal and really hurt businesses in great Britain. The protests in colonies *socially* -If you were seen purchasing something made in great britian you were attacked so this is how they were getting a lot of people in line. -"direct action" -verbally attacked -"homespun" -they were proud to were stuff homespun in america not made in great britian it showed patriotism -they were publically humiliated (killed a lot of people) putting *tar* on people and putting *feathers* on them -*burning in effigy* choosing people who collect tax and making life size doll and put him on end of pole and set on fire or hang. Helps gather momentum and emotion to help people take part.

ALL THESE PEOPLE: How was Europe Different? *Why did Europeans leave New World*

*Technological advantages* (printing press for spreading news and recruiting people, gun powder for defending self, navigation/ship building skills in sophisticated way because not as many rivers so they needed larger ships) *Europe had the most problems* PUSH FACTORS ( they had the most motivation, almost constant warfare they are at war a lot and it was unsettling and disruptive, population in 1500-1600 DOUBLED, less farm land followed by less food which pushed pesants out)

Changed caused by.....what happens to the colonies

*Thomas Paine* take him out we might have never had indendence.... Born in 1737-died 1809 in England Set colonist on course for revolution. Failed buisnessman, tax collector, teacher HIS REAL GIFT IS WRIGHTING AND POLITICS. Meets benjamin franklin (< gift of spotting real talent) through politics. Frankling convinces thomas paine to emigrate to America aka the colony aka the new world Arrives in Philadelphia on Nov. 30, 1774 (37 yrs.old)

First Joint Stock Company

*Virginia Company (formed 1606) 1607 founded Jamestown, Virginia first permanent english settlement in new world, they weren't expecting to stay, set up raiding base, almost failed, winter 1609-1610 only 60 of 500 colonists survived

1st Continental Congress

*their first meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania* 12 of 13 colonies send delegates total delegates end up being 56. They meet for almost 2 months. They talk about what are we going to do....do we start a war? Do we attack? They jut know they have to act as one body. *John Adams, Sam Adams, Roger Sherman, John Dickson, Caesar Rodney, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, George Washington, etc. They all meet and want to accomplish something. They draw up declarations....not declaration of independence. The document they want to make is their beliefs and difference with all the colonies signing it as thinking an acting as one. They talk about the intolerable acts and say that they are invalid. They say very strong things but also say that they are still loyal to the king. They say they are not considering rebelling....at the time they were telling the truth. They are giving strong options but are giving respect. and they send it off to the king and parliament and they say in one year they will meet again. *They also say they will go back to their colonies and organize militias JUST IN CASE but they dont keep it hidden and then great Britain hears about militias starting to practice so its kind of a mixed message.*

By the end of King Phillips War

1 in 10 fighters on both sideds were wounded or killed. (>600 colonists and 3,00 Native Americans were killed) more than half of 90 settlements in region attacked 12 settlements destroyed: TOOK DECADES TO RECOVER War ends with help of other tribes(Mohegans, Pequots) Europeans PAY other tribes to help them out. Other Native Americans stopped the process. They didnt understand what they were doing. *Metacom (king phillip) and captured and killed* wife and son sold into slavery Some Indians escape to Canada, others surrender and are sold to slavery.

THE PRE-WAR YEARS 'Leaders & Orators emerge' If you take these people out you wouldnt have American Revolution....the ones constantly organizing and giving speeches. *Sam Adams*

1) Sam Adams- *Most Responsible for American Independence* 1st big voice, good organizer and public relations. Second cousin of John Adams; they are not friends. Attended Harvard from well of family from brewing beer. He get brewery passed down and it fails. He formed group "Sons of Liberty"- see themselves as patriots. Secret membership group: involved in physical trouble. Most famous for *boston tea party*.

Settling in Chesapeake region/ middle colonies. Disorder Triumphant?

Chesapeake region is called Chesapeake region because it is by the Chesapeake bay. Most of the "masterless men and women" who go to the New World end up here. They end up here because they become indentured servants.

many wanted less chaos than England by find that Chesapeake region is

Disorderly

When is Jamestown founded

1607- british arrived about 50 people

European, African, North & South America Similarities

ALL THESE PEOPLE: SIMILARITES *pre-modern* (no cellphones etc), *different concept of time* (you dont say meet at 4 oclock, meet at noon when sun is at highest point; they move by sun) *see world as moving in cycles* (agriculture, rain comes, summer sun, freezing) *pre-industrial* (no electricity, steam engines etc) *personal worlds* (born, grew up, died in same area never travels over 25 miles, face-to-face relationships; no technology, know everyone in community, depend on each other for survival) *shared inequality of natural hierarchy* (believed some were better than others, born into hierarchy, reflected in English "great chain of being"- everyone linked vertically, people on top more in common ex: you have more in common with angels than pesant, Farmer more common with horse than king) *Emphasis on stability & order* (change can be dangerous and evil, the world can get better so leave it alone)

Beginning of trouble= *French and Indian war* (1756-1763) still no talk of American Revolution

ALSO CALLED SEVEN YEARS WAR- American side *part* of 7 year war England- Colonists and some Native Americans France- Majority of Native Americans *ENGLAND WINS*

Thomas Paine wrote 'COMMON SENSE' but doesnt sign it. INDEPENDENCE IS A COMMON SENSE THING; natrual

Addressed to America. Pamphlet published in Philly on jan 1776 (7 month before dec. independence) He is able to do through this document sever last final ties that the colonist felt between king george 3rd and monarchy; its your home and your country its hard to turn away from it. "all kings are vile" "tyrant"-not a word you fling around...really captures peoples attention. in 3 months more than 150,000 copies are sold (colonist pop about 2 million) *it was everywhere* this is why he gets so much credit. At the same time colonists are reading it...King george was doing things that mad him seem like a tyrant. He refused to listen to any americans and disrespecting them. Colonists were taking this personally. King George the third agrees to hire mercenaries for extra help: Germans that are for hire for soldiers. <This is big deal because this is disrespectful that they coudnt face them. Basically saying he doesnt need his best people he can hire people and still stomp you. From Jan 1776 to May and June the mood shifts in colonies to no where near independence to flat out independence .

By the end of the French and Indian War (1763) the colonists....

Aren't sure they're still proud to be British subjects!

THE PRE-WAR YEARS 'Leaders & Orators emerge' If you take these people out you wouldnt have American Revolution....the ones constantly organizing and giving speeches. *James Otis*

Attended Harvard. Boston Lawyer. Gave speeches, tours, writing. Different because he had some kind of psychological issues. Most psychologist say manic depressive *bipolar* maybe schizophrenic. "Harmlessly Insane". Lucid until death; Literally was in straight jacket at one point. Was wounded in war in his head and was never the same. WHERE IT GETS BIZARE: was with sister and there was a knock on door and there was a bolt of lightening and it struck him and KILLED him.

Beginning of problems of Road to Revolution: 6rd)

Boston Massacre *March 5, 1770* Happened in Boston: winter time and was severe with lots of ice storms and the day of the Massacre was a icy day. In town square there were red coats protecting things and they were also known as *lobsterbacks* Young men and older boys were in a tiff with the soldiers and the about 12 "lobsterbacks" they began throwing snowballs and then threw *ice balls*. Someone in crowd yelled "go ahead and shoot us" and everyone chimes in. Crowd of colonist were growing and the soldiers were backed into a corner. Officers here and coming running down to try and help and as he is running he yells "dont shoot, dont shoot" and they hear "shoot" 5 colonists were killed more were wounded. One colonist was small young boy and the soldiers are immediately arrested. The news spread quick and *Sam Adams refers to it as "Boston Massacre'* goes to Paul Revere *neither men were ever there* (silversmith) engraving and says lets spread the world and Paul is an artist and comes up with and engraving to make a bigger impact but it is not very accurate. ^^^^ -8 soldiers charged with murder -many in Boston blame mob of colonists -soldiers hire John Adams (will be most vocal for independence) as lawyer (cousin of Sam adams and they dont get along) *SIGNIFICANCE* tril in front of BOSTON jury -6 soilders acquitted (walk about guilty of nothing) -2 found not guilty with murder, guilty of manslaughter(you are being held responsible for dead of someone but you dont intend to kill them) *they were branded with an "M" for Manslaughter by the thumb and thats why you raise your right hand in court*

Beginning of problems of Road to Revolution: 1st)

British empire is reorganized: up until french and indian war British practiced "salutary neglect" they ignored sending memos to colonist and didnt pass legislation and taxes. They were letting colonist elect their own leaders. They were letting colonists do their own thing. Great Britain empire was too large now, and they were getting uptight about maintaining control. So they started 'hands-on' approach. ANALOGY: husband and wife with kids...whole wife kids didnt have rules then all of a sudden mom and dad say we need rules now bedtime, TV regulation.....How soothly will kids take that; difficult transition. Debt is high and increasing; running colonies was more expensive now. Cost for them to run colonies have gone up. *Before war cost for running colony:* 70,000 pounds/18.8 dollars. *During war cost for running colony:* 2 million pounds/526 million dollars. *By end of war:* 350,000pounds/94 million dollars. You normally raise money by raising taxes but people in England are already taxed too high so they decide to look at colonist who were the least taxed people on earth so they look at them for help. No one EVER asked colonists....*George Grenville (prime minister) was intelligent and treated colonist like subjects lesser than folks in great Britain and believed colonist weren't civilized. He was not interested in their opinion. He recognized colonist werent paying many taxes and colonist dont have votes in prime minister so he doesnt care to make colonist pay more taxes. *Majority of colonist would have payed more but they werent even asked* THEY WERE ORDERED NOT ASKED

Slaves in the Colonies

Brought here involuntarily, did immigrate to the New world but did involuntary. Bottom of hierarchy. No one really below except animals. Most slaves period in the world are from Africa, West Indies 95% end up in South America because living condition are so bad in South America so more diseases and slaves died at a higher rate and they needed to be replaced. Indentured servants until late 1600s

In meantime to cocord

By the time they get to concord since they had been held up in lexington....1,000s of minutemen are there and they had already moved the stockpile and adams and handcock had left. As they are marching people are taking shots at them out in the open..."Gauntlet of Death" Of 700 british soilders...250 British were killed About 100 Americans were killed.

Relationship between Native Americans and Europeans overall

COMPLEX

British troops are headed to

CONCORD (21 miles from Boston) on the way back many are killed. Dangerous situation.

Sir Fransic Drake b: 1544 d:1596

Circumnavigated the world, wanting queen Elizabeth to fall in love with him, knighted by Elizabeth in 1581, successful pirate...4.700% pay off for investors, influenced other Englishmen, difficult to surprise spanish because they keep getting shot warfare

By 1750.....20 years from American Revolution; there as no hint or talk of American Revolution...British get control.

Colonies are prosperous- British are making lost of money Colonists are Proud to be British- they consider themselves as part of Great Britain....they consider themselves equal; thats were friction will come from.

Hierarchy Triangle of Colonial American Society

God Angel & saints King ****GENTRY**** ruling class/wealthy colonist/mayor --------------LABOR "Middling Sort" middle class Those without Land. Would be middle class but dont own land. Servants (paid no indentured) Indentured Serv/ Slaves Farm Animals

In England hierarchy is called

Great Chain of Being

Why did John Winthrop take a risk?

He is *PURITAN*. Protestant, go to new world and he started and wanted a purer Church of England, He makes himself the pope of church of England, they want to purify the church of England, *When they arrive they make a speech called?* MODEL OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY SPEECH= covenant with God or an agreement with each other about what they will do "knit together as one"

Household Hierarchy (kingdom of itself) Working economic unit.

Husband/Father *[Wife/Mother]* *[Oldest song]* once he becomes adult flips with mother Other sons Daughters Extended Family Servants Slaves

Overall, Europe expanded because???

ITS HAD TO: original 'settlers' never intended to be settles they just wanted to find wealth and return home

Household (the little commonwealth)

Includes everyone in house, not just family. Society is organized in units. ANYONE IN HOUSEHOLD even slaves.

John hancock and Samual Adams

Initial team for independence and american revolution. They put their whole heart and soul into it so they were the most being targeted by british.

Hierarchy

Natural in equality in society and family. Showing deference to "higher-ups"

1848-1870

Mexican American war 1848, when we see slavery become the issue, defining America

BRITISH ADVANTAGES

Military- its professional, experienced, trained, organized, discipline, paid well, better supplied than America, have a significant Navy America (opposites)- militia aka volunteers, inexperienced, little training, little organization, not always paid, short on supplies, no navy, short on food

In the Hierarchy of Colonial American Society

Most important relationships anyone in hierarchy can have is those above or below you

The Road to Revolution

NOT inevitable; at any point things could have changed completely. One of the most radical events in history.

Opechancanpugh (ope-can-cano)

Native American...super old at least in 90s. Born and lived in Virginia (Jamestown) was there when first british settlers came over. Apart of Powhatan Confederacy....Chief Powhatan is son Pocahontas-niece.

Declaring Independence

Not something that happens very easily. Politically charged thing. They wanted someone from southern colonies to make ths motion to independence.... SO on June 7, 1776, they chose Richard Henry Lee of VA *most liked delegate*.....He introduces resolution for independence. They end up debating it for 3 weeks...to declare independence. July 2, 1776- America broke legal ties with Great Britain (technically should be our 'July 4th') ^EVERYONE VOTED IN FAVOR They appoint a comity to write up what exactly they want....a resolution....what they are voting on. July 4, 1776 "Declaration of Independence" adopted

Gentrys are

Obsessed with maintaining elite status so they need to ACT like a master. All about the image and if they can maintain that everything else will fall into place. Always be in control of himself. Never lose temper or cool in public in home or in field sure just not in public. *Strive for balance in architecture* Do not overeat or drink. Smoke but not too much. Powdered wig and white socks.

Opening Shots.....*SHOT HEARD AROUND THE WORLD*

Occurs in Boston.....British troops in colonies. British Troops are being quartered in peoples houses. Colonies organizeing militia "Minutemen".... Minutemen- huys ready in moments notice trained well....if bell rings certain amount of times you know exactly where you meet and you arrive with what you need to have. By the front door they will have everything ready and what roll they will take. *British troops can see this* British General Gage decides to take action: his goal was to get hold of stock pile of what colonists were building up because gage knows where it all is and plan is to send british soilders in and for them to get the stock pile. He also wants same adams and john hancock arrested....so he also wants soldiers to find them and arrests them. As soon as the British troops are leaving.....21 miles to concord.....700 redcoats.....Paul Revere and others warn minutemen (and also warn Adams and Hancock in hotel that troops are coming to fee and realize they forgot the trunk of sons of liberty list and some maps) Minutemen (about 80) in lexington gather also they are outnumbered 10-1 In lexington (half way to concord): they could hear and see them before they were coming.....there was so many of them in the red uniforms and it was intemidating......80 guys against 700 guys. BRITSH MAJOR *JOHN PITCAIRN*: tells colonists to disperse and run....they do. In the process of them backing up a colonist tripped and fired accidentally. *6 americans killed, 8 wounded* British then move to concord.

Jamestown when british/europeans arrived

Opechancanpugh was about 50 when they arrived. When they arrived Opechancanpugh recognized them due to possibly his father was british and he got kidnapped and was living in Spain as a Gentry knowing how to read and write and they even gave him a european name *Luis/Don Luis/Luis de Velasco* ? Opechancanpugh opened up minds to trade with Europeans "they have really cool stuff".

New England colonies described

Opposite of Chesapeake region. Northern Settlements. Cooler climates, rocky earth, growing season short. Similar to England in climate and soil so John Withrope is comfortable coming here. *Early settlers were mostly* Middle-aged/Family units Professionals: lawyers, doctors. More gentry in early years. Stable/often married most young men will be married there was even a law saying you cant live alone. Want Godly community: Witch trials most happening in New England colonies. Since more family, professionals, and gentries you will see many more churches, townhalls, nicer homes, and just more buildings.

Households AKA economic units. EVERYTHING happens in the home.

Produce food Produce clothes Reproduce (produce citizens) IMPORTANT Provide education. education takes place at home. Care for sick and dead (no funeral at time you have to wash body and place clothes) Care for elderly Care for disabled Support unemployed Regulate behavior

Next big wave of europeans are coming to settle new world with intentions of staying?

Puritans and adventureres

SIR WALTER RALEIGH most famous for?

Queen comes to mud puddle and he is there and the takes off his cape and puts it over the muddle puddle so she doesn't get dirty

Queen Elizabeth 1 of England VIRGIN QUEEN b:1533 d:1603

Regin as queen of 44 years, unmarried cash-poor, supported (funded) privateers

Committees of Correspondence: Groups of pen pals *shared information quickly*

Response: Organize First; began in boston and by 1773 every colony had a comity They don't form the committees of correspondence but they use them stronger. Spread news of Coercive Acts quickly to decide to meet in secret in person for the first time instead of writing to each other to get things done more quickly and to protect what they are saying. The Meeting causes *The 1st Continental Congress*

All men created equal

Revolutionary thing to say, scandalous

Europeans coming the New World: Conquest of the Americas (North and South)

Several models/groups for exploration and settlement

John Winthrop believed

if is household is falling apart or town is falling apart God is unhappy and believed this is evidence that God has abandoned England SO they want to leave and build "New England"

Beginning of problems of Road to Revolution: 5rd)

TOWNSHEND DUTIES *1767* Prime Minister- Charles Townshend *looking for ways to gather votes. Known for drinking a lot of champagne *Champagne Charley* Wants to be elected Prime Minister to cut taxes in England.....the way to make people like you lower taxes. In order to do that it will decrease the amount of money coming into government so to do that he taxes colonists. TOWNSHEND DUTIES- Taxes on paper, paint, lead, glass and TEA...even babies drank tea so basically tax on EVERYONE. So colonists are ticked off Colonists boycott: trade falls 25% then 50% and so on so merchants beg parliament to repeal....they decide to Repeal *ON EVERYTHING EXCEPT TEA* in 1770 COLONISTS=satisfied and end boycott and trade picks back up and even succeeds Tention is still increasing.

2nd Continental Congress

The 2nd congress met AGAIN on May 10th. Mostly same people except Thomas Jefferson was there and everyone was angrier. WAR HAS BEGUN: 1 YEAR AWAY FROM DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. By the time this meeting is taking place John Adams has made huge shift....he is now the most radical member and is so ready for independence. As they meet they take about what they should do. They focus on problems they are facing and some of them are causing them to not have independence. How do you get people to sign up an risk their life?

The quartering act

The colonist complained and it was reduced slightly

James Printer (we don't know his native american name)

This is a guy who lived most of his life with Native American. Originally part of a tribe called Nipmuck. James Printer was one of the Native Americans who converted to Christianity. Leaves his tribe and lives with Europeans. Attends Harvard University's Indian College and gets job with Harvard with Cambridge Press as a typesetter and translator.

Why the Europeans in the New World?

They have the most reasons to leave, they have a lot of push factors.

Virginia survives because

Tobacco (cocaine of 1600s) *cash crop*. Stimulate used to trade by barrel for large items use to purchase things.

Primary reason slavery gets foothold in Chesapeake

Tobacco seals fate of a lot of slaves

Why gentry colonies insecure

Very concerned they'll be though of a slaves, dependent on others, anxiety ridden, they are masters, they always dress perfect so everyone knows they are gentry, hyper focused on how they look

Slavery and Location: Go as far north as possible. Best place is new england area.

WORST AREA: Carolinas. South and southern North Carolina, largest # of slaves almost all in agriculture; RICE INDIGO AND little COTTON. Where the slaves home culture survives the best. Maintain own language and religion. NEXT WORST: Chesapeake. 4 out of 10 people are slaves almost half population. Major crop tobacco, you are probably working with tobacco but you may also repair fences and roofing. If you had a skill you could be hired out to others. NEXT FARTHEST NORTH: New England BEST PLACE Probably working on docks. Fewest #. Shipping, Labor, docks. Small farms. FEMALES=*primarily domestic work working inside a home, typically out of sun rain and cold, you can steal food and leftovers but you are also always around owners*

The french and indian war

War itself was was kind of started when George Washington killed a French officer. In end it ended up benefiting the British. -English colonists surrounded by Native Americans, French, and Spanish.

THE PRE-WAR YEARS 'Leaders & Orators emerge' If you take these people out you wouldnt have American Revolution....the ones constantly organizing and giving speeches. *Patrick Henry*

Was doing things in virginia. Famous for having red hair and supposively having a temper with it. Family couldnt afford to school him but taught himself law and became successful lawyer in virginia. PATRICK HENRY QUOTE: *give me liberty or give me death*

Significance of French and Indian War:

a. England now controls all north east....chances of losing it now are slim. b. At end of war England is now most powerful empire on EARTH....big deal because in decade colonist are going to take on most powerful empire. c. England now has A LOT of debt...war debt. d. French are really unhappy. They want revenge. *Important because we get a lot of help from the french.* e. During the war colonist realize *they aren't respected.*

These new settles

biggest wave is called Great Migration in 1620-1670, first group to plan to stay, <1% of British population migrated to New World because very dangerous because they have to find a place to stay food and water resources etc

More reasons people left England....patriarchy, hierachy, household, social disorder

by 1602 fathers couldnt provider inheritance for anyone except 1st born sons, young men and women rebel...disobedient and leave home, produces "masterless men and women" they have no one responsible for their behavior , small number but huge impact, challenge/threaten to destroy 3 core values in England, so many of them head to London

Indentured servitude replaced

by slavery by end of 1600s

1500s-1783

coming to new world-end of America revolution

Patriarchy

male-dominated society and family

TEA ACT: where they had to purchase their tea

passed in may of 1773 by parliament *Not a tax-Tax on tea from townshend Duties in place Company known as *east india tea company* wasnt doing very well....so they want to pass a law saying colonist can only buy tea from E.I.T.C....ONLY THIS COMPANY. Gave E.I.T.C a monopoly on tea sales. Lots of tea parties up and down the coast were outraged. E.I.T.C arrive at ports with lots of angry colonist greeting them. Charleston : tea rotted on dock New York: turned ships back; wouldnt let them dock if they did they would destory ship Philadelphia: Same as NY Boston: 'Boston Tea Party' *1789* -Sons of liberty (60 men) board ship at night in boston and the colonists go on board and dump (342 boxes of tea worth 10,000 pounds) it into the harbor and spoil the tea.....maybe dressed as native americans. *British government furious and decide to punish colonist* Parliment issures harsh measures= Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts Other ports then do the same as boston.

3 core values in London

patriarchy, hierarchy, household

Atlantic World is

people coming to new world looking at any nation touching the Atlantic Ocean

Why leave England?

population growth, land shortages, food shortages, Puritans persecuted,

MIDDLE GROUND

referred to meeting place of Native Americans and Europeans. Can be physical place but it is mostly about culture meeting. It was both positive and negative. Very little negative between French and Native Americans/ they had the most positive relationship. *Positive Interaction* Clothing, Language, etc.- fur clothing softer Trade- both sides benefited, both wanted something other had Aid- occasions where someone helped others from starving Marriage- a lot of marriages happened....mostly convince probably where fur trappers come in more often. They would often times marry and have kids with her. *Negative Interaction* Disease- Native Americans were decimated by disease by smallpox, measles...between 75-90% of Native Americans were killed by disease. Disease was used for 'Chemical Warfare'. Some instances blankets traded with disease. Land- A lot of instances of fights over land. Did not have concept over land.....lots of misunderstanding over land. War- obviously negitive

Households fall apart

society falls apart, whole empire can come crumbling down

How they begin to try to 'get people to sign up to risk their life.'

solution: Choose someone to be the chair of the comity and colonial military. They need to try to choose people from different regions. -Mass. delegate made (Chair) President of Congress: John Hancock -VA delegate given command of American Army (military):George Washington (showed up in his uniform to this meeting) He (George Washington) immediately goes to look at military and very few had fought in battle. Most had hunted...good thing. They had no clue about the military. He was most upset with his officers he told a someone "These officers couldnt get piss out of a boot if you wrote the instructions on the heel". He started to teach them. ^what will become american army Everyone else started to make an approach toward the situations. They needed to decide what they were going to say. They start to make two documnts....Issued two major documents (July 5&6, 1775) and they will e sent off to great britian. 1st Document: Olive Branch Petition -appeal straight to king george 3rd and they say "we love you blah blah blah, try to intervene with hostility". 2nd Document: Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms -Declaration of why we have to fight you. Traces of all the problems "You did this this this and this" They then denounced British for "unprovoked attack" at Lexington. They then say "We will fight for our rights rather than submit to slavery"....choosing these words carfully.....they end everything by saying "BUT we are not contemplating independence, we dont want to fight you we are MAKING me/us fight you" KINGS REACTIONS: Refuses to read either one and tells them he will never read either one. <Huge sign of disrespect. By August 22, 1775, king declares colonists are ENEMIES of British Empires......to be told by your country you are now enemies of your country. Then follows it August 23, 1775, king then isses to them "Proclamation of rebellion" aka this is why we are mad at you and want to fight you. BUT, colonists still backing away from independence, even as the was is being fought.

Luis or Don Luis or Luis de Velasco

the name they gave Opechancanpugh in Spain

Chesapeake Area is primary place where indentured servants will end up

tobacco best money maker grows here, climate is hot and humid great for farming, higher death rate than New England (some indentured servants ended up in EN) because things rougher hotter more flys with disease, few attention paid to buildings, more chaotic, less order, more crime, danger

Gentry in colonies (gentry are wealthiest in society owning largest amount of land)

wealthy, owned large land, governed colonies, served in legislatures, served in legislatures, served as judges, patriarchs (of society and home), BUT TENED TO BE INSECURE