History 110B FINAL REVIEW

What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the late nineteenth century? a. A radical transformation of the social structure of Japan b. The rejection of Western models in favor of Chinese models c. The fall of the emperor and the restoration of the Tokugawa d. The isolation of Japan from the rest of the world

a. A radical transformation of the social structure of Japan

"Europe and the Middle East after World War I," shows the Arab lands of the former Ottoman Empire divided between a. Britain and France. b. Syria and Egypt. c. Turkey and Greece. d. The Soviet Union and Persia.

a. Britain and France.

The American dollars pictured in this illustration are indicative of which of the following? a. Chinese interest in material wealth b. The opening of China to American political influence c. America's growing economic control of China d. Growing Chinese investment in the United States

a. Chinese interest in material wealth

Which of the following was the initial arena for the cold war? a. Eastern Europe b. Cuba c. Western Europe d. The Middle East

a. Eastern Europe

Which feature of Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan (Source 20.4) would Adolf Hitler have likely embraced? a. Emphasis on the submission of the individual to the state b. Constructive borrowing from other societies c. The racial superiority of the Japanese d. A hereditary emperor as leader

a. Emphasis on the submission of the individual to the state

The United States dropped the atomic bomb on Japan to do which of the following? a. End World War II quickly and strengthen America's postwar position with the USSR b. Destroy the industrial capacity of Japan and end the production of war material c. Destroy the Japanese navy and prepare the Japanese islands for invasion d. Observe the effects of atomic energy and kill the imperial family of Japan

a. End World War II quickly and strengthen America's postwar position with the USSR

What drew Japan, Germany, and Italy into a political alliance by 1936-1937? a. Hostility toward the Soviet Union b. Commitment to communism c. Shared belief in Aryan supremacy d. Fear of global capitalism

a. Hostility toward the Soviet Union

What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the nineteenth century? a. It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain. b. It resulted in a large flow of silver into China. c. It lowered unemployment rates in rural China. d. It increased the tax revenue collected by China.

a. It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain.

Which of the following contributed to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? a. Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania b. Explosive population growth in the nineteenth century c. Ottoman control of Afro-Eurasian commerce d. Disagreement among the European states on how to divide the Ottoman Empire among them

a. Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania

The communist movement in China primarily drew its support from which of the following? a. Rural areas b. The middle class c. The elite d. Urban areas

a. Rural areas

What is the enthusiastic crowd in The Cult of Mao (Source 21.5) waving? a. The "Red Book"of Chairman Mao's sayings b. The Communist Manifesto c. Pictures of Chairman Mao d. National identity papers

a. The "Red Book"of Chairman Mao's sayings

Why is the Soviet Union shown tucked underneath the Jewish character's arm in Source 20.3? a. The Nazis believed that Jews controlled the Soviet Union and supported communism. b. Jews were fleeing to the Soviet Union to avoid persecution by the Nazis. c. Jews were the majority population in the Soviet Union prior to World War II. d. The Nazis believed that the communists faced a terrible threat from the Jews.

a. The Nazis believed that Jews controlled the Soviet Union and supported communism.

The new states that had been carved out of which empire were governed as mandates of the League of Nations after World War I? a. The Ottoman Empire b. The Holy Roman Empire c. The Russian Empire d. The Austro-Hungarian Empire

a. The Ottoman Empire

Which of the following was a target for attack in the new nationalism that emerged in China at the turn of the twentieth century? a. The Qing dynasty b. Western science and technology c. Western political practices d. Educated Chinese

a. The Qing dynasty

Which of the following events established Japan as an economic, political, and military competitor in Asia? a. The Russo-Japanese War b. The self-strengthening movement c. The Taiping Uprising d. The Meiji Restoration

a. The Russo-Japanese War

Following World War I, resentment began to grow in Germany because of which of the following? a. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles b. The rearmament of the German military c. Hitler's desire to invade Poland d. Its inability to successfully annex Austria

a. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles

Which of the following was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism on colonized societies? a. The integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange centered in Europe b. The ending of poverty and exploitation in areas where colonial rule was the strongest c. The incorporation of colonial populations into European society on a basis of equality d. The industrialization of most of Asia and Africa by the end of the nineteenth century

a. The integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange centered in Europe

Which of the following constituted the first wave of European colonial conquests? a. The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century takeover of the Americas b. The transatlantic slave trade c. The conquest of Asian territories d. The scramble for Africa

a. The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century takeover of the Americas

Which of the following contributed to China's problems in the nineteenth century? a. The state's failure to maintain flood control and public security b. The weakening power of provincial officials and local gentry c. The expansion and bureaucratization of the central government d. The decline in the Chinese population in the past century

a. The state's failure to maintain flood control and public security

How did Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution influence Western imperialism? a. They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of "weak" races. b. They were used by colonized peoples to resist Western imperialism. c. They were used to criticize the use of force in colonial encounters. d. They were used to argue for the assimilation of colonial populations.

a. They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of "weak" races.

Which of the following reflects the goal of the policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860s and 1870s to address the problems facing China? a. To reinvigorate China by selectively borrowing from the West b. To encourage the growth of an independent capitalist class c. To redistribute land equally among the peasantry and landlords d. To restore free trade and diplomatic relations with European states

a. To reinvigorate China by selectively borrowing from the West

Which of the following reflects the effect of colonial rule in Africa on the lives of women? a. Women of impoverished families became heads of household in the absence of men. b. Women were increasingly confined to the home in accordance with European norms. c. Women lost their central role in producing food for their families and became dependent. d. Women were barred from engaging in trade and were confined to domestic service.

a. Women of impoverished families became heads of household in the absence of men.

In contrast to what transpired during World War I, Germany during World War II was able to a. conquer France quickly. b. neutralize the American threat. c. defeat the Soviet Union. d. appease Britain and Italy.

a. conquer France quickly.

The spread of Christianity in Africa was facilitated by its association with a. modern education. b. female circumcision. c. mass nationalism. d. export agriculture.

a. modern education.

As a result of World War I, the former Russian Empire, having become the Soviet Union, a. saw much of its western lands become independent states. b. lost vast territory to Germany. c. maintained its territorial integrity. d. gained vast territory on its western border.

a. saw much of its western lands become independent states.

Source 20.3A: Prague Street expresses a. the personal tragedies and social dislocations resulting from the war. b. a cry for a socialist or communist future. c. pride in the German war effort, despite the country's loss in that war. d. support for representative Democracy.

a. the personal tragedies and social dislocations resulting from the war.

How did the cold war affect countries emerging from colonial rule in the second half of the twentieth century? a. They found themselves being used as pawns in the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. b. Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support. c. The majority found themselves unable to escape from the military-backed Soviet sphere of influence. d. The majority of them were absorbed into a largely voluntary American sphere of influence.

b. Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support.

Which of the following led to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s? a. The desire to spread communism to that country b. Fear that communism was about to collapse in that country c. The attempted liberation of Afghan women d. Disapproval of the radical land reforms that had been instituted

b. Fear that communism was about to collapse in that country

How did the emergence of Germany as a new nation-state affect the European political scene after 1870? a. Germany maintained the balance of power. b. Germany's arrival disrupted the established order. c. Germany provided stability and leadership. d. Germany quickly became the lone superpower.

b. Germany's arrival disrupted the established order.

Which of the following describes the position of the United States after World War I? a. It became the sole superpower. b. It became Europe's creditor. c. It became a debtor nation. d. It became the largest empire.

b. It became Europe's creditor.

What happened to the German territory in China after World War I ended? a. China regained it. b. Japan claimed it. c. Germany colonized it. d. It became a mandate.

b. Japan claimed it.

Which of the following represents the imperialist actions of a country outside Europe? a. U.S. participation in the partitioning of Africa b. Japan's takeover of Taiwan and Korea c. Australia's expansion into New Zealand d. Mexico's northward expansion into Canada

b. Japan's takeover of Taiwan and Korea

Which of the following was an ally of Serbia at the outbreak of World War I? a. Austria b. Russia c. The United States d. Germany

b. Russia

Which of the following is an example of resistance to colonial rule in the nineteenth century? a. Scientific racism b. The Indian Rebellion c. System of apartheid d. The Taiping Rebellion

b. The Indian Rebellion

Which of the following events marked the official beginning of the Great Depression? a. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand b. The crash of the stock market c. Widespread bank failures d. Sixty-two percent drop in world trade

b. The crash of the stock market

What was the end result of Mao's two great campaigns, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution? a. The rejection of Karl Marx's ideas in favor of free market capitalism b. The death and ruin of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism c. China's parity with the United States in terms of industrial production d. The replacement of the Communist Party as the governing body in the country by the military

b. The death and ruin of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism

Which of the following was the first step in the end of the communist era? a. The "miracle year" in Eastern Europe b. The death of Mao Zedong in China c. Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in the Soviet Union d. The withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan

b. The death of Mao Zedong in China

Which of the following made modernization more difficult in China than in Russia? a. The Chinese Communist Party's lack of support in the countryside b. The larger population in China c. The Chinese Communist Party's lack of administrative and governing experience d. The abundance of fertile land in China

b. The larger population in China

Which of the following was a European colonial view that shaped the development of African identity in the nineteenth century? a. The idea of a pan-African identity b. The notion of an Africa divided into tribes c. The theory that humanity originated in Africa d. The belief in racial equality

b. The notion of an Africa divided into tribes

Which of the following reflects how Japanese society was changing during the Tokugawa era? a. The autonomy enjoyed by daimyo over their domains b. The participation of samurai in commerce c. The maintenance of a residence in Edo by daimyo d. The creation of a national army loyal to the shogun

b. The participation of samurai in commerce

Which of the following was a consequence of the Taiping Uprising? a. The problems facing the peasantry were addressed and permanently resolved. b. The provincial gentry consolidated their power at the expense of the central state. c. The state initiated an effective and successful program of modernization. d. The Qing dynasty collapsed, leading to years of civil war and foreign invasion.

b. The provincial gentry consolidated their power at the expense of the central state.

What impact did World War I have on Europe's colonial empires? a. The war offered colonies a means to gain independence. b. The war drew in laborers and soldiers from the colonies. c. The war was fought exclusively in the colonies. d. The war enriched the colonial population in Europe's empires.

b. The war drew in laborers and soldiers from the colonies.

Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor? a. The war in Asia ended, allowing the Allies to focus on the war in Europe. b. The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war. c. The United States imposed an oil embargo on Japan but was open to negotiations. d. Japan was reduced to a third-rank power, with its empire in Asia destroyed.

b. The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war.

Which of the following describes popular attitudes in Europe toward the prospect of war in the summer of 1914? a. General indifference b. Widespread enthusiasm c. Disillusioned cynicism d. Universal opposition

b. Widespread enthusiasm

In the nineteenth century, which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated a program of radical secularization and modernization along European lines? a. The daimyo b. Young Turks c. Young Ottomans d. Islamic modernists

b. Young Turks

In contrast to Russia, the communist revolution in China a. was completed within a year but collapsed in a decade. b. focused on building peasant support in the countryside. c. explicitly rejected the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin. d. faced a weaker foe in its rival, the Kuomintang.

b. focused on building peasant support in the countryside.

Mobilized by Mao to consolidate his rule and to revitalize China, the groups of young people depicted in this image were called a. the Class of 68. b. the Red Guards. c. the Young Pioneers. d. the Red Youth

b. the Red Guards.

Which of the following did Japan, Italy, and Germany share in the 1930s? a. Strong traditions of parliamentary democracy b. Political takeover by right-wing radical groups c. Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building d. Widespread arrest and execution of political opponents

c. Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building

Which of the following was a distinctive and central feature of the German expression of fascism? a. A view of war as an ennobling experience b. The use of violence as a political tool c. An insistence on a racial revolution d. A single-party dictatorship

c. An insistence on a racial revolution

In what respect were Ethiopia's and Siam's (Thailand) encounters with European imperialism in the long nineteenth century similar? a. Both became politically independent neo-European societies. b. Both negotiated agreements to guarantee their independence. c. Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbors succumbed. d. Both became settler colonies of the Latin American countries.

c. Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbors succumbed.

Which of the following highlights the relationship between imperialism and nationalism? a. Views of Asians and Africans as "child races" b. Views of Asia as the source of "civilization" c. Colonies as symbols of "Great Power" status d. Categorization of non-Europeans as "unfit" races

c. Colonies as symbols of "Great Power" status

Which of the following expresses the relationship between the number of European settlers in colonies in Africa, Asia, and Oceania and the extent of racial segregation and discrimination in the imperialism of the nineteenth century? a. Colonies with a small European settler population experienced no racism and were models of racial harmony. b. Colonies with a large European settler population experienced the least racial discrimination and no racial segregation. c. Colonies with a large European settler population experienced more racial discrimination and racial segregation. d. Colonies with a small European settler population experienced more racial discrimination but no racial segregation.

c. Colonies with a large European settler population experienced more racial discrimination and racial segregation.

In building their Pacific empire during the early 1940s, the Japanese claimed they were doing which of the following? a. Strengthening ties with Europe b. Opening Southeast Asia to American colonization c. Creating an "Asia for Asians" d. Reviving trade via the Sea Road

c. Creating an "Asia for Asians"

Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Versailles? a. The Ottoman Empire was to pay restitution to its Armenian subjects. b. The United States was to head the League of Nations. c. Germany was to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I. d. Palestine was to be the protected homeland for Jews.

c. Germany was to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I.

Which of the following best describes Allied strategy against the Japanese? a. Blitzkrieg b. Search and destroy c. Island-hopping d. Defensive

c. Island-hopping

Which of the following was a criticism of the Soviet model of industrialization made by Chinese leaders in the mid-1950s? a. It failed to prioritize light and heavy industry. b. It privileged villages at the expense of cities. c. It promoted individualistic and careerist values. d. It placed too much emphasis on market forces.

c. It promoted individualistic and careerist values.

Which country switched sides after World War I began? a. Germany b. France c. Italy d. Russia

c. Italy

Competition in the Western Hemisphere between the Soviet-backed Warsaw Pact and U.S.-backed NATO led to conflicts in which of the following regions? a. Ireland b. Panama Canal Zone c. Latin America d. Bering Sea

c. Latin America

What section of the Chinese population became a particular target of young revolutionaries during the Cultural Revolution? a. Peasants b. Urban workers c. Teachers d. Army officers

c. Teachers

Which of the following reflects a new element in European views of non-Europeans in the nineteenth century? a. The view of Europeans as Christians and non-Europeans as "heathen" b. The idea that non-Europeans could assimilate into European society by westernizing c. The belief that the racial inferiority of non-Europeans could be scientifically proven d. The portrayal of less technologically developed people as "noble savages"

c. The belief that the racial inferiority of non-Europeans could be scientifically proven

Which of the following was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I? a. The practice of trench warfare and defensive military strategies b. The forceful and quick response of the Allies to German aggression c. The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets d. The mass enthusiasm for war in Britain and France

c. The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets

Japanese politics and society during the 1920s suggested that Japan favored a. religious politics and rural culture. b. fascist politics and traditional values. c. democratic politics and Western culture. d. isolationist politics and military values.

c. democratic politics and Western culture.

Which of the following contributed to American global influence in the decades following World War II? a. The failure of other countries to break the American monopoly on oil b. The absorption of European colonies within the American sphere of influence c. The ideological differences and political rivalry among European states d. A productive economy in a country untouched by the destruction of war

d. A productive economy in a country untouched by the destruction of war

Which of the following represents a response among many Latin American countries to the global repercussions of the Great Depression? a. Policies modeled on the New Deal b. Democratic socialism c. War socialism d. Import substitution industrialization

d. Import substitution industrialization

What effect did World War II have on communism? a. It allowed communism to take root in the Middle East and Africa. b. It discredited the international communist movement and the Soviet Union. c. It transformed communism into a global movement committed to world peace. d. It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power.

d. It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power.

Which of the following was a reason for the popularity of the Nazi Party once it seized power in the 1930s? a. Its acceptance of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles b. Its rejection of rural life, anti-Semitism, and traditional values c. Its embrace of parliamentary politics and communism d. Its success in bringing Germany out of the Great Depression

d. Its success in bringing Germany out of the Great Depression

Hitler blames Germany's defeat in World War I in part on a racial struggle between the Aryan Germans and the a. non-Aryans. b. French. c. communists. d. Jews.

d. Jews.

Which of the following appealed to fascists? a. Democracy b. Socialism c. Feminism d. Nationalism

d. Nationalism

While tens of thousands of Japanese died in the atomic blasts, thousands more perished from which of the following? a. Depression, as thousands grieved for their loved ones lost and sought how to rebuild b. Firebombing, as later Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed again by American aircraft c. Starvation, as the blasts destroyed the railroads providing food supplies across Japan d. Nuclear radiation and burns, as the effects of the blast lasted beyond the immediate destruction

d. Nuclear radiation and burns, as the effects of the blast lasted beyond the immediate destruction

What was the result of the reforms instituted under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s? a. Economic stagnation, social upheaval, and famine b. A competitive multiparty electoral system c. The collapse of the Chinese Communist Party d. Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

d. Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

What pattern of European thinking does Adolf Hitler embrace in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) (Source 20.2)? a. Enlightenment human rights b. Parliamentary democracy c. Marxist thought d. Social Darwinism

d. Social Darwinism

Which of the following resulted from Mao Zedong's belief that capitalist tendencies had penetrated the Chinese Communist Party? a. The Great Leap Forward b. Decolonization c. The Warsaw Pact d. The Cultural Revolution

d. The Cultural Revolution

Which of the following was created during the cold war, in part, to undermine the appeal of European communist parties? a. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization b. The European Economic Community c. The Warsaw Pact d. The Marshall Plan

d. The Marshall Plan

How did Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 affect the Ottoman Empire? a. The Ottoman Empire was required to exempt the French from Ottoman law. b. The core region of the Ottoman Empire came under French rule. c. A massive peasant uprising erupted that nearly toppled the Ottoman Empire. d. The Ottoman Empire lost Egypt as a province.

d. The Ottoman Empire lost Egypt as a province.

Which country was least affected by the Great Depression? a. Japan b. The United States c. Germany d. The Soviet Union

d. The Soviet Union

Which of the following refers to the military alliance that united the Soviet Union with Eastern European communist states against Western capitalist countries during the cold war? a. Communist International b. Treaty of Friendship c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization d. The Warsaw Pact

d. The Warsaw Pact

Which of the following was one of the ways in which the collectivization of agriculture in China differed from that of the Soviet Union? a. The Chinese Communist Party played only a marginal role. b. Soviet peasants played a key role in the process. c. The Soviet Union was home to "people's communes." d. The process in China was generally more peaceful.

d. The process in China was generally more peaceful.

Which of the following developments during the Tokugawa era provided a solid foundation for Japan's industrial growth in the late nineteenth century? a. The centralization of political authority b. The power and prestige of the shogun c. The high status of the samurai d. The urbanization of Japanese society

d. The urbanization of Japanese society

Historian John Keegan (Voice 20.1) contends World War I led to World War II because a. World War I shifted world economic power to the United States which eventually led to the Great Depression b. World War I destabilized the global imperial order and led to the emergence of new powers c. World War I fueled political radicalization across the continent and the rise of Communism d. World War I ended with the Treaty of Versailles which created deep national resentments

d. World War I ended with the Treaty of Versailles which created deep national resentments

The detonation of the atomic bomb symbolized a turning point in world history because human beings a. could now shape space and time with nuclear fission. b. had new creative abilities available with nuclear power. c. would no longer use warfare as a means of politics. d. now possessed the capacity to destroy the world.

d. now possessed the capacity to destroy the world.

In the late 1950s the Chinese government attempted to eliminate private property and create social equality by a. building new massive cities across China where the population would live in collective housing and be anonymous to one another. b. compelling much of the urban student population to leave the cities and head to the countryside to "learn from the peasants." c. purging the Chinese Communist Party of suspected "revisionists" and establishing a cult of personality around Mao. d. organizing rural communes where communities ate together and children were raised collectively.

d. organizing rural communes where communities ate together and children were raised collectively.

Some historians have argued that the collapse of the Soviet Union was ultimately caused by a. its inability to effectively address the myriad social and political issues that divided the nation. b. the weakened state of communism in the Western Hemisphere following the Cuban missile crisis. c. its failure to prop up the communist regime in Afghanistan during the late 1980s. d. the unexpected consequences of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies to address internal problems.

d. the unexpected consequences of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies to address internal problems.