History 1301 Chapter 2

The Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy (located by the English settlement of Virginia) spoke what language? Question 20 options: English Spanish Algonquian Powhatan

Algonquian

What compelled Algonquians to kill and eat Dutch livestock in seventeenth-century New Netherlands? The Algonquians ran out of corn due to flooding. The Algonquians ran out of corn due to crop blight. Europeans attacked members of the Algonquian tribe. x Europeans pigs and cattle ate Algonquian corn.

European pigs and cattle ate Algonquian corn

Why did the Massachusetts Bay Company's colony flourish? The fishing was outstanding. Fertile soil was abundant. Solid financial backing was provided. x Families immigrated together.

Families immigrated together

As late as the 1630s, French settlements in North America consisted of which of the following groups of people? Question 17 options: Fishermen, soldiers, and farmers x Fishermen, hunters, and soldiers x Fishermen, fur traders, and Protestant missionaries x Fishermen, fur traders, and Catholic missionaries

Fishermen, fur trader, and Catholic missionaries

Which European country with Catholic rulers rejected an alliance with Spain and aimed to exploit their military defeats? Question 15 options: Portugal England France Netherlands x

France

The harsh winter of 1609-10 killed what fraction of the English settlers in Jamestown? Question 23 options: 7 out of 10 x 3 out of 8 5 out of 8 x 7 out of 8

7 out of 8

What motivated Dutch explorers in the Americas? Economic profit Religious conversion New territory Competition with Spain

Economic profit

By 1674, which European nation had gained dominance in North America? Question 39 options: Spain Netherlands England France

England

What ultimately saved the English colony in Virginia? Question 24 options: Labor from Europe Decimation of the Indians Discovery of a cash crop Invention of the musket

Discovery of a cash crop

To fend off their economic competition, which were the Hurons, the Iroquois were supplied guns by the Question 44 options: Spanish. English. x Dutch. French. x

Dutch

What missionaries found missions on the margins of Pueblo villages north of Mexico and named the area New Mexico? Question 11 options: Huguenots Followers of Martin Luther Franciscan priests Anglicans Save

Franciscan priests

What groups of European settlers advocated Christian conversion of Indians for the spiritual and material benefits? Question 41 options: Spanish explorers x Dutch inventors French priests English crown x

French priests

What natural force minimized the spread of disease among English settlers in Plymouth? Question 33 options: Floods caused by high moon tides x Harsh, cold winters and a generally cool climate Hot, penetrating sunshine in the summer x Natural vaccines in their blood x

Harsh, cold winters and a generally cool climate

Why did Native American chief Massasoit of the Wampanoag tribe want to form an alliance with English settlers in Plymouth, Massachusetts? Question 32 options: He feared the English settlers would kill him otherwise. x He wanted the English to help him fight other Indians. He was a pacifist and didn't believe in fighting. x He had first tried to kill the English and failed, so an alliance was a natural recourse. x

He wanted the English to help him fight other Indians

When the Dutch established their trading center on the Hudson River in present-day New York, who did they want to trade with? Question 47 options: Iroquois to the west French to the north x English to the south x Algonquin to the east x

Iroquois to the west

What role did the Protestant Reformation play in shaping Spain's American monopoly? Question 13 options: It strengthened the monopoly. x It destroyed the monopoly. It had no effect on the monopoly. Spain didn't really have a monopoly by the late sixteenth century.

It destroyed the monopoly

What singular force fueled most conflicts between Native Americans and Europeans? Question 42 options: Land Food Tobacco Fur

Land

What early colony was headed by a Catholic and populated by Catholics and Protestants and passed the Act of Religious Toleration in 1649, granting religious freedom to all Christians? Question 25 options: Maryland Virginia Massachusetts North Carolina

Maryland

In 1664, the English wrested control of what region and renamed it New York? Question 38 options: New Amsterdam New Jersey New France New England

New Amsterdam

The Virginia Company in the early seventeenth century covered what present-day region? Question 19 options: New York to North Carolina Massachusetts to Virginia x Maine to Virginia Pennsylvania to North Carolina

New York to North Carolina

When England erupted in civil war in 1642, a result of differences over issues of religion, taxation, and royal authority, who emerged as leader and ruled until his death in 1658? Question 37 options: James I Oliver Cromwell Charles I Charles II

Oliver Cromwell

Which group of English immigrants first settled in Massachusetts in 1620? Question 29 options: Puritans x Anglicans Catholics Pilgrims

Pilgrims

Martin Luther and John Calvin were leaders of distinct denominations of what religious movement in the sixteenth century? Question 7 options: Roman Catholicism Protestantism Hinduism Islam

Protestantism

Which group of English immigrants to North America were the most prosperous at the outset? Question 34 options: Pilgrims x Jamestownians Puritans Roanokeans x

Puritans

Samuel de Champlain founded the first permanent French settlement in North America in 1608 in the area now known as Question 16 options: Quebec. New York. Michigan. North Carolina.

Quebec

In the seventeenth century, what crop became the most lucrative in the West Indies? Question 27 options: Tobacco Sugarcane Indigo Rice

Sugarcane

In 1573, why did Spain decide that missionaries rather than soldiers should direct all new imperial settlements? Question 10 options: The Council of Trent put more emphasis on religious mission. Soldiers were losing to Indians. Indians were more responsive to missionaries. x The Protestant Reformation was weakening Spain's grip on its settlements.

The Council of Trent put more emphasis on religious mission

What enabled the English to defeat the Spanish against the raid ordered in 1588 by King Philip II? Question 14 options: Spanish weaponry lagged behind that of English. x England had amassed the largest, most skilled navy at the time. x France provided the English with larger, more powerful bombs. x The Dutch provided the English with smaller, more maneuverable ships.

The Dutch provided the English with smaller, more maeuverable ships

What was the first constitution adopted in North America? The Mayflower Compact The U.S. Constitution The Declaration of Independence The Articles of Confederation

The Mayflower Compact

Who joined the English in a bloody battle against the Pequots that resulted in over 400 dead men, women, and children? Question 36 options: The Narragansetts The Iroquois x The Dutch x The Wampanoags x

The Narragansetts

How did English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, survive in the early years? Question 21 options: They learned to farm the land and grow corn and other vegetables. x They received a considerable amount of food from Indians. They fished the oceans and hunted large and small game. x They subsisted primarily on berries, roots, and small game. x

They received a considerable amount of food from Indians

What inspired King Henry VIII's conversion to Protestantism and his establishment of the Church of England? Question 8 options: He was moved by Luther's writings. x He was tired of paying Catholic indulgences. The pope refused to annul his marriage. The pope refused to hear his penance for his wrongdoings. x

The pope refused to annul his marriage

What was the primary source of Dutch profit during the seventeenth-century scramble for colonies? Question 28 options: The establishment of a colony in New York The cultivation of the tobacco crop The sale of world-class merchant ships The transportation of trade goods for other nations

The transportation of trade goods for other nations

What strategy did Smith and the Virginia Company develop to save the colony and recruit new settlers that resulted in 600 new inhabitants arriving at the colony in June 1609? Question 22 options: They imported massive numbers of African slaves. They hired people from England for minimum-wage plus free shelter. They recruited indentured servants from across Europe. They forced Indians from local tribes to work the fields.

They recruited indentured servants from across Europe

Why did Native Americans kill Anne Hutchinson? They were ordered to by the colonial governor of Massachusetts. They were ordered to by the colonial governor of Rhode Island. They sought revenge for her attempts to convert them to Christianity. They sought revenge for the killing of other Indians in the area.

They sough revenge for the killing of other Indians in the area

Why did the French establish a fortified trading post in Montreal in 1643? To enable hunting and gathering without disruption by Indians To extend their fur trade west To defend their land from the English To demonstrate they were ready and willing to fight

To extend their fur trade west

Where did the Dutch trade furs with the Mohawk tribe? Port Huron Upper Hudson Susquehanna Delaware

Upper Hudson

In what early North American colony did European settlers interact and fight with Indian Chief Powhatan? Question 2 options: Virginia Pennsylvania North Carolina Massachusetts

Virginia

The English immigrants who set sail on the Mayflower in September 1620 originally intended to settle in which region? Question 31 options: Massachusetts Pennsylvania Virginia West Indies

Virginia

Which English settlement in the early seventeenth century quickly became the economic engine of English colonization? Question 18 options: Virginia x West Indies Roanoke x New England x

West Indies

If a female indentured servant became pregnant while still under servitude, the master typically Question 26 options: extended her term by two years. fired her immediately. x sold her contract to the highest bidder x did nothing, because pregnancy was considered an inevitable part of life. x

extended her term by two years

In 1545 Pope Paul II convened the Council of Trent to Question 9 options: end services in Latin. demand more training for priests. establish a peace treaty with Protestants. start a campaign against witchcraft.

demand more training for priests

The Spanish returned to the area of New Mexico in 1610 and established a network of missions and estates known as encomenderos, a system under which Spanish Question 12 options: elites were granted land rights. soldiers were charged with protecting their land. x navigators who previously claimed the land could take possession of it. priests would convert local Indians.

elites were granted land rights

When Captain John Smith joined the Virginia Company and set out for North America, he wanted to Question 1 options: find gold and other riches. trade with Native Americans. establish a private settlement. battle with Native Americans.

establish a private settlement

Anne Hutchinson's trial by the first synod of the Congregational Church in Massachusetts in 1637 for failing to honor the teachings of male ministers resulted in her being found Question 6 options: guilty and sentenced to death. innocent and allowed to resume her teachings with women only. innocent but forced to give up the ministry. guilty and exiled from the colony. Save

guilty and exiled from the colony

As newly elected governor of the Jamestown colony, John Smith ordered the English settlers to Question 3 options: work with Indians and force them to do the farming. x intimidate the Indians and to do their own farming. kill the Indians, take their valuables, and go back to England. avoid the Indians at all cost and try to survive by hunting and gathering. x

intinidate the Indians and to do their own farming

Anne Hutchinson and John Cotton preached a covenant of grace, which means Question 5 options: babies were born free of sin, full of grace, and the closest to God. people have to work hard to reject sin and to be welcomed into God's grace. people have to rely solely on God's grace and cannot play a part in their salvation. ministers naturally embodied God's grace more than lay people.

people have to rely solely on God's grace and cannot play a part in their salvation

The long-term success of North American colonies required a strong military presence. peaceful relations with the Indians. x fertile land. x permanent settlement.

permanent settlement

John Smith criticized the Virginia Company and claimed that in order to make the colonies commercially viable, Question 4 options: skilled labor should have a say in the colony's management. slave labor needed to work hard and follow the colonial leadership. indentured servants would need to stay on and work after their terms were up. the colonies needed settlers with diverse skills and who were willing to take orders from the governor. x

skilled labor should have a say in the colony's managment

The Virginia Company enticed men to try their luck at traveling to North America with the possibility of a Native American wife. the dream of undiscovered riches. fresh air and a new start in the country. deceit and trickery.

the dream of undiscovered riches