history 1302 exam 2
By 1930, what percentage of the African-American population lived in cities?
40 percent
How many members did the Ku Klux Klan have in 1925?
5 million
Ku Klux Klan membership estimates for the early twenties are as high as:
5 million
Who mockingly called the American middle class a "Booboisie"?
H.L. Mencken
Which candidate was shot during the 1912 presidential campaign?
Theodore Roosevelt
Scopes Monkey Trial
(1925) the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism
What did the government agree on for this case?
"Clear and present danger" so, if you're speech encouraged the enemy or threatened peoples safety (like screaming fire in a crowded area) you are a threat.
Ford, Henry
(1863-1947) American Industrialist. Ford is best know for his innovations in the auto manufacturing industry. His company was the first to use an assembly line for production.
Babe Ruth
"Home Run King" in baseball, provided an idol for young people and a figurehead for America
Blitzkrieg
"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
Open Door Policy
(1899) A policy proposed by the US, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
League of Nations
(1920) an international organization formed to promote cooperation and peace among nations
What book did Lincoln Steffens write?
"Shame of the Cities"
Progressives eliminated the old ward system of voting and replaced it with
"at large" elections.
During the 1920s, Protestant denominations split into two groups, often called "modernists," and...
"fundamentalists."
What kind of "clubs" was Huey Long creating?
"share the wealth"
Carrie Chapman Catt
(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
Herbert Hoover
(1929-1933) The New York Stock Market Crashes October 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday". The 20th Amendment is passed and added and the 21st Amendment is passed by 1933.
Scottsboro Case
(1932) Two white girls accused 9 black teenagers of raping them on a train. There was overwhelming evidence that the boys hadn't done anything, but they were convicted anyway. Later, the Supreme Court overturned the case and the boys eventually got their freedom.
Manhattan Project
(1942) code name for the secret United States project set up to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
National Security Act
(1947) Created the Central Intelligence Agency Created the National Security Council Reorganized the military under one Department of Defense head
Truman Doctrine
(1947) Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism. Greece and Turkey
Marshall Plan
(1948-1952) A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
Potsdam Conference
(July 26, 1945) Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany
Dollar Diplomacy
(Taft) exert power with $$ rather than weapons
Missionary Diplomacy
(Wilson) morality over materialism
Rerum novarum
(of new things) in which the Pope condemned the exploitation of industrial workers and supported state intervention to promote social justice.
Glass-Steagall Act
-Provided more security for Americans. -Barring commercial banks from buying and selling stocks - preventing many irresponsible practices that had led to the stock market crash -Establishing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which ensured the accounts of individual depositors.
Analyze the major flashpoints between fundamentalism and pluralism at this time.
-Religion and Science separated Fundamentaists, their revolt. Fundamentalists: literal reading of the Bible, Darwinism and evolution are not real and should not be taught in schools, supported Prohibition. -Fundamentalists supported Americanization and efforts to keep immigrants from coming to U.S. In 1924 Immigration Act was passed. Harding agreed that Blacks were second class citizens. Pluralists however, believed everyone is equal - Franz Boas.
W. E. B. Du Bois
-Renew the movement(Reconstruction) for black freedom than scholar & activist. -Called on blacks to reject the accommodationism of Booker T. Washington. -Du Bois believed that educated African-Americans like himself were a "talented tenth" who could use their education and talent to fight inequality.
According to reformer Frederick C. Howe, what was the biggest challenge in the progressive era?
. the city
Among the reasons why the 1912 election is significant is that
1)all candidates claimed to be progressives. 2)the Socialist candidate, Eugene V. Debs, polled almost a million votes 3)it featured party primaries.
Herbet Hoover
-Made a fortune as a mining engineer in Asia, Africa, and Europe, and became famous for coordinating food relief in Europe during World War I. -Condemned government regulation as an interference with the economic opportunities of ordinary Americans. Yet he also argued that self-interest should be subordinated to public interest.
Tulsa Riot
-More than 300 blacks were killed and thousands made homeless by a white mob including the police and National Guard The cause? -Black veterans tried to prevent the lynching of a youth who had accidentally tripped and fallen on a white female elevator operator, sparking rumors of rape
What resulted from the civilian conservation camps?
-Most of their paychecks were going straight home because they had no expenses in the camps -Encouraged self-esteem in the campers because they finally had work to accomplish
3 Issues FDR faced when taking office
1. Reviving the economy 2. Relieving human misery 3. Helping farmers and their families
How many Mexicans resided in the United States by 1930?
1.4 million
in 1900 ________ of 82 million americans lived in poverty
10 million
Explain the major policy initiatives of the New Deal in the Hundred Days.
-National Industrial Recovery Act: established the National industrial recovery act, which worked with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes that set standards for output, prices, and working conditions. - the Economy Act: reduced federal spending in an attempt to win the confidence of the business community. - the Tennessee Valley Authority: built a series of dams to prevent floods and deforestation along the Tennessee River and to provide cheap electric power for homes and factories.
What happens as a result of people listening to his show?
-People continue thinking that FDR isn't doing enough for them
What was Huey Long promising everyone if he were to redistribute wealth?
-Promised everyone a job, home, car, college education, radio, etc. for free
Who was Lincoln Steffens?
- A muckraker who was involved in progressive local reform
Who was Father Coughlin?
- A radio priest who had a very popular show with a large following
What did Mellon accomplish/ create while he was the secretary of treasury?
- Created: Office of Management and Budget, General Accounting Office, Tax cut- Enlarges he economy, more people are making money and spending it on domestic products, increases jobs (repeat) -Makes the US the #1 investment in the world, pays off debts, etc.
What controversies surrounded the civilian conservation camps
- Southern camps weren't integrated, but they still had camps for blacks -Southern people were insulted that they were supplying jobs for them, "how dare you help the blacks"
New Deal
-A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. -Came to symbolically represent the ordinary American citizen -Like Lincoln, FDR's greatness was his capacity to reject traditional ideas while confronting national crisis. -Deal as an alternative to socialism, fascism, and unregulated capitalism. He wanted to reconcile democracy, individual liberty, and economic planning.
92nd Division
-All black regiment who defeated Hitlers best army in hard conditions in Itlay
Identify who benefited and who suffered in the new consumer society of the 1920s.
-American multinational corporations benefited worldwide. Workers suffered with little rise in wages, corporations benefited with doubled profits. -Monopolies of businesses overtook small companies which made small companies suffer. Most of population suffered because they were unable to afford consumer economy. Farmer's suffered due to drop in farm incomes which created a rise in foreclosures.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
-Came to symbolically represent the ordinary American citizen. -Like Lincoln, FDR's greatness was his capacity to reject traditional ideas while confronting national crisis.
What were people's opinions of this progression?
-Communists loved this -socialists thought it was the future -Lots of people were freaked out by this, losing their land because it becomes lakes
The Niagara Movement
-Demanded the restoration of blacks' right to vote -Called for an end to segregation, and -Demanded complete equality in economic and educational opportunities. -Set the agenda of black struggles for racial justice for the rest of the twentieth century.
What were 3 major factors of the Wisconsin Plan?
-Direct primary nominations -Campaign Finance Disclosure -Initiative and Referendum
Analyze why Progressives believed that the expansion of government powers in wartime offered an important opportunity to reform American society.
-Economic rationalization, spirit of national unity and purpose, social justice, federal powers with increased presence in American daily life.
Identify the goals and methods of the Committee on Public Information during World War I.
-Established to explain basis of war to Americans. methods - pamphlets, posters, ads, motion pictures, 4 minute speeches.
Identify how the main proponents of economic justice defined it and explain the measures they advocated to achieve it in the 1930s.
-FDR - proposed the New Deal, hoped it was an alternative to socialism and Nazism. -Upton Sinclair - End Poverty in California movement. -Huey Long - Share Our Wealth movement, wanted confiscation of most of the wealth of the richest Americans in order to finance an immediate grant of $5000 and guaranteed job/annual income for all citizens. -Dr. Francis Townsend - Townsend Clubs, made a plan where government would make monthly payments to of $200 to older Americans contingent on immediate spending. -Louis Brandeis - advised Woodrow Wilson during 1912 campaign and offered political advice to FDR when serving on the Supreme Court. -Believed that large corporations wielded excessive power and had contributed to the Depression by keeping prices artificially high and failing to increase workers' purchasing power.
Discuss the opportunities offered to African-Americans by World War I and its aftermath.
-Garveyites believed blacks should have same internationally recognized identity as everyone else after the war. -More industrial jobs in the North for blacks -Blacks standing up and asking for true democracy in US.
Alfred E. Smith
-He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 election. Supported Progressive social legislation and secured laws limiting work hours for women and children; catholic. -Laid the basis for the triumphant Democratic coalition of the 1930s.
How did Mellon perform as the Secretary of Treasury?
-Knew money front and back, did a lot of good
Marcus Garvey
-Launched Universal Negro Improvement Association; from Jamaica. -Idea of freedom was self-determination for blacks, who should enjoy the same international recognition as a nation as other peoples after the war. -Du Bois and other black leaders viewed Garvey as dangerous - and welcomed Garvey's deportation after his conviction for mail fraud. -However, the Garveyite movement demonstrated blacks' sense of betrayal in the postwar period.
NAACP
-Launched a legal strategy to win the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments that at first accomplished little.
Analyze the effects of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 on Native Americans.
-Replaced boarding schools with reservation schools, and increased spending on Indian health. -He also ended the policy - implemented since the Dawes Act - of dividing Indian lands into small individual family plots and selling off the rest. -Federal officials now recognized the right of -Indians to govern their own communities, except in areas covered by federal law. -Replaced boarding schools with reservation schools, and increased spending on Indian health.
Describe the New Deal's political and legislative support for labor and the New Deal's impact on labor unions.
-Reserved federal government stance toward unions. -Believed that unions would counterbalance the organized big corporations by defending people. -Maintaining wages. -Replacing bloody violence. -Labor unions increased.
What were the three main ideas for Social Security that FDR created to steal the thunder from Long and Townsend?
-Retirement $ per month -Aid to dependent children to widows until their kid turns 18 -Unemployment $ each month until you get a job
William Bryan
-Showed a near-complete ignorance of modern science and an inability to deflect Darrow's sarcastic interrogation regarding the factual accuracy of biblical stories. -Embarrassed, he died shortly after the trial ended in a guilty verdict for Scopes (though the decision was later overturned), and the movement for anti-evolution state laws expired.
What caused a speculative bubble?
-Speculating (hopeful) that what they're buying will grow -Stock was going up and lots of people were joining it without much knowledge. -People keep getting excited, joining in, creating cycle of stocks increasing, and more people joining.
Explain Civilian Conservation Corporations
-Take unemployed young men, gave them jobs, clothes, food, etc. -Did construction labor
Examine the major initiatives of the Second New Deal and analyze the ways they differed from the First New Deal.
-The Workers Progression Administration: Set hundreds of artists to work decorating public buildings with murals, it also hired writers and actors. -The Wagner Act: Empowered the National Labor Relations Board. -The Social Security Act: Created a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children.
Explain how the Popular Front influenced American culture in the 1930s.
-Theater, film, dance broad left-wing culture with social and economic radicalism. -Artists and writers creating socially meaningful work depicting the daily lives of ordinary farmers and city dwellers. -Films celebrating populist figures that challenged and defeated corrupt businessmen and politicians i.e. Mr. Deeds Goes to Town. -Front culture celebrating religious, racial, and ethnic diversity of American society. -Popular Front was a period during the mid-1930s during which the Communist Party made efforts to ally itself with New Dealers and socialists. Sought to combine liberalism with a militant spirit. Ironically, it was the only predominately white group that was pushing for civil rights for non-whites, while the group also had ties to Joseph Stalin.
Describe the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
-Virtually guaranteeing future conflict. France won the right to occupy iron and coal-rich regions of Germany. -Strict limits were imposed on Germany's future army and navy, and -Germany was required to make huge reparations payments - devastating the German economy.
What did this idea mean?
-believed there should be more taxes on the wealthy. Confiscated large personal incomes and redistribute it
Where was the KKK's large following from?
-northern industrial areas rather than southern areas
How did the meatpacking industry respond to the Meat Inspection Act?
. It embraced the regulations as an opportunity to rebuild its reputation.
How did the U.S. Senate respond to the Treaty of Versailles?
. It rejected it.
How did the U.S. Supreme Court respond to the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916?
. It struck down the law as an unconstitutional expansion of government regulation
Aside from the pressure suffragists exercised on politics, what else contributed to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?
. Over one million women had labored in war industries.
What made Ida B. Wells the target of white violence in 1892 and thereafter?
. She publicly revealed the horror of lynch mobs in the South.
The most hated company of the progressive era was
. Standard Oil
How did courts respond to southern efforts at disenfranchising African Americans around the turn-of-the-century?
. State and federal courts upheld disfranchisement despite the blatant violation of civil rights.
During World War I, how did the United States deal with "hyphenated Americans" whose loyalty was in doubt?
. The government launched a massive propaganda campaign.
How did male bystanders respond to the 1913 parade of the National American Women's Suffrage Association under the leadership of Alice Paul?
. They assaulted the women.
Why did so few city governments respond to the solutions proposed by the National Housing Association?
. They were unwilling to invest tax money for public housing.
Booker T. Washington rose to national prominence as a leader of the African American community by advocating
. economic development.
Progressives generally believed in
. efficiency.
The "grandfather clause"
. exempted from literacy tests those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.
One of the early casualties of World War I was
. free speech.
In addition to the typical issues that concerned progressive reformers, black women's clubs also attacked
. lynching and segregation.
Who opposed the reform efforts of the National Child Labor Committee?
. parents
The "Bull Moose" Party was made up largely of
. progressive Republicans.
New Immigration Significance
11 million people ended up going back home, didn't assimilate well, many illiterate, were exploited by employers
Cultural pluralism
A condition in which many cultures coexist within a society and maintain their cultural differences; Horace Kallen.
How many banks failed during 1930 in the United States?
1600
In addition to more aggressive advertising, increased access to ______________ also stimulated consumption during the 1920s.
Credit
Prohibition
Era during which the U.S. government banned the consumption, manufacture, transportation, import and export of alcohol
Old Immigration When
1850-1880
Jane Addams When
1860-1935
Morrill Act When
1862
Henry Ford
1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
Burlingame Treaty When
1868
Chautauqua Movement When
1874
WCTU When
1874
Workingmen Party of California When
1877
New Immigration When
1880-1920
Settlement House Movement When
1880s
Chinese Exclusion Act When
1882
Rerum Novarum
1891 - Pope Leo XII's call to the Catholic Church to work to alleviate social problems such as poverty.
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 - Court ruled in favor of segregation, 7 to l, that the law was reasonable to maintain public peace.
Holden v. Hardy
1898 - A supreme court decision that upheld a Utah law that limited miners to eight-hour day, citing the public interest, as miners' work was so dangerous.
Williams v. Mississippi
1898 - Supreme Court ruled that Mississippi's voting requirements did not "on their face discriminate between the races."
Meat Inspection Act
1906 - Required federal inspectors from the US department of Agriculture to inspect livestock in slaughterhouses and to guarantee sanitary standards.
Assassination of William McKinley
1901
When did Upton Sinclair write "The Jungle"?
1905
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
1905 - Aimed to create "one big union" of all industrial workers
Lochner v. New York
1905 - Struck down a New York law limited the hours of male bakers because the state had no right to regulate their hours and interfere with their right to contract as no health issues, they claimed, were at stake.
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 - Outlawed adulterated or mislabeled food and drugs and gave the federal government the right to seize illegal products and fine and jail those who manufactured and sold them.
Muller v. Oregon
1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health
Muller v. Oregon
1908 - Supreme Court upheld an Oregon law limiting the work day of female laundry workers to 10 hours.
Mann Act
1910 - Outlawing the transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.
Mann Act
1910, gave the Interstate Comerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad rates, along with oversee telephone and cable companie; included communications
Sixteenth Amendment
1913 - Authorized a federal income tax on both personal and corporate income.
Seventeenth Amendment
1913 - Mandated the direct election of senators by popular vote rather than by state legislators.
Seventeenth Amendment
1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators
When did the united states get involved with the Mexican revolution with the occupation of Vera Cruz
1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1914, him and his wife Sophie, were shot by a Bosnian Serb nationalist during an official vist to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. The nationalist was a teenage Serb by the name of Gavrilo Princip. This sparked a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War 1 in August.
When did the United States pass the first law regulating child labor?
1916
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
1916 - Banned interstate commerce in goods produced by child labor, which was struck down 2 years later by Supreme Court due to unconstitutional expansion of government.
Adamson Act
1916 law that established 8 hour workday for railroad workers in order to avert a national strike
National Parks Act
1916. Parks are to be maintained in a manner that leaves them unimpaired for future generations.
When did the united states enter world war 1
1917
American Protective League
1917 *Volunteer organization that claimed approval of the Justice Department for pressuring support of war *Humiliated those accused of not buying war bonds *Persecuted those of German descent *Encouraged the banning of German culture in everything from product names to consumption, including "pretzels" and "German Measles"
Influenza pandemic
1918 global outbreak of influenza, a highly contagious viral infection, killing as many as 30 million people worldwide
Sedition Act
1918 made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government
Eighteenth Amendment
1919 - Barred the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States (1920-1933)
In what year were American women granted the vote?
1920
When did national women's suffrage take effect?
1920
Indian Citizenship Act
1924
National Origins Act
1924 revision of the immigration law, restricted annual immigration from any foreign country to two percent of the number of persons of that "national origin" in the United States in 1890
Agricultural Marketing Act
1929 act championed by Herbert Hoover that authorized the lending of federal money to farmer's cooperatives to buy crops to keep them from the over saturated market; program hampered by lack of adequate federal financial support
first deal lasted from
1933 to 1935
Fair Labor Standards
1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor.
Termination
1950s policies designed to sever ties between specific Indian tribes and the Federal government. Took away reservation status and extended state control over tribes. It was another attack on reservations, like the Dawes act, and a complete about-face from the Indian new deal. Was partly because of the red scare—people though the reservation concept was "socialist." Senator Anthony Watkins said termination would "free" Indians. Veteran Native Americans felt like reservation land restrictions impeded their individual economic progress, and the U.S. thought tribes could stand on their own now without government help. But terminated tribes found themselves unable to function. In the 1960s, U.S. Indian policy shifted towards tribalism and self determination (another about face).
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
New Immigration What
27 million people came to America fleeing religious and political oppression. Worked low wage jobs
William H. Taft
27th President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a pioneer in international arbitration and staunch advocate of world peace verging on pacifism, and scion of a leading political family, the Tafts, in Ohio.
Upton Sinclair
28-year-old writer that shocked the nation with his novel, The Jungle, a plea for socialism.
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Warren G. Harding
29th President of the U.S. serving in office from 1921 to 1923. He died while in office.
Approximately how many women were sterilized?
30 thousand
Calvin Coolidge won what percentage of the popular vote in 1924?
54.0
American consumption of beer and malt liquor increased between 1880 and 1900 from...
590 million gallons to 1.2 billion.
Old Immigration What
6 million people came to America
What percentage of American families owned a car in 1930?
60 percent
Warren G. Harding won the popular vote in the 1920 election with what percentage of the vote?
60.3
Calvin Coolidge won what percentage of the electoral vote in 1924?
72.0
Warren G. Harding won the electoral vote in the 1920 election with what percentage of the vote?
76.1
Cesar Agusto Sandino
780
Between the early 1920s and 1927 vehicle registrations increased in the United States from 3 million to...
8.25 million.
Know the status of African Americans at the beginning of the 20th century.
8/10 lived in rural areas in the South. Segregation, Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, lynchings
By the turn of the 20th century, the country's once expensive forests had been reduced by as much as...
80 percent
Women's Joint Congressional Committee
A coalition of activist groups that lobbied for child labor laws, protection of women workers, maternal health care, and federal support for education
Where is Czechoslovakia
A
Palmer Raids
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
Battle of the Bulge
A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.
Lusitania
A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952). Part of the "Truman Doctrine," Harry Truman's foreign policy. Also called the "European recovery program."
Bernard Baruch
A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. Manage war production.
American Century
A characterization of the period since the World War 2, coined by American magazine magnate Henry Luce, as a century largely dominated by the United States in political, economic, and cultural terms. Henry Luce exclaimed that we should shape the postwar world in the image of the U.S., and urged the American people to abandon isolationism.
Grandfather Clause
A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.
What triggered the riot in Tulsa, Oklahoma in May of 1921?
A black teenager was accused of assaulting a white woman.
Explain the meaning of President Harding's call for a return to normalcy.
A call for the regular order of things, without Progressive reform.
Mobilization for War
A centralized approach Herbert Hoover Effectively The Selective Service Act
Modernism
A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.
Labor's Great Upheaval
A dramatic and unexpected mobilization of millions of American industrial workers into unions,
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.
A famous justice of the Supreme Court during the early 1900s; involved in upholding constitutionality of Espionage Act (1919) in Schenck v. US. Called the "Great Dissenter" because he spoke out against the inposition of national regulations and standards, and supported the states' rights to experiment with social legislation.
Henry A. Wallace
A former Democratic who ran on the New Progressive Party due to his disagreement on Truman's policy with the Soviets. He caused the Democratic party to split even more during the election season.
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
A group headed by Carrie Chapman Catt
Lewis Hine
A hired photographer that documented child labor to raise public awareness of their danger in the work place.
When a mob lynched a coal miner in Collinsville, Illinois in March 1918:
A jury freed the ringleaders
National Origins Act of 1924
A law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians. The policy stayed in effect until the 1960's.
Louis Brandeis
A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.
Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
After a German U-boat sank the British passenger line, the Lusitania, :
Theodore Roosevelt and some other political and business leaders called for war and criticized Wilson for being "too proud to fight"
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819)
Rudolph Valentino
A popular, attractive actor in silent films. Well known for his role in "The Sheik".
Holocaust
A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.
What did Henry Ford introduce in 1916 that made things significantly quicker and decreased the price?
A moving assembly line
Doughboys
A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI
Villa, Francisco (Pancho)
A northern Mexican peasant leader of the revolution who, together with Emiliano Zapata, advocated a more radical socioeconomic agenda
F. Scott Fitzgerald
A novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. His wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. His novel "The Great Gatsby" is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl.
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920's when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Red Scare
A period of intense popular fear and government repression of real or imagined leftist radicalism
James, William
A pioneer in American psychology and a prominent functionalist; encouraged explorations of down-to-earth emotions, memories, will power, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
Claude McKay
A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919.
Nativism
A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
Pancho Villa
A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
Explain the rise of the professions.
A progressive idea, the professions attracted young and educated men and women. Rather than placing personal value on birth and inherited wealth, these young people placed emphasis on the process of learning and career advancement. They also became fiercely involved in their careers, creating professional societies to regulate their subjects. One medical professional created from this period was Dr. Alice Hamilton who not only met Jane Addams (Hull House in Chicago) after studying at University of Michigan Med School, but traced typhoid to fleas coming out of bathrooms.
Carry A. Nation (1846-1901)
A prohibitionist. She believed that bars and other liquor-related businesses should be destroyed, and was known for attacking saloons herself with a hatchet.
Charles Evans Hughes
A reformist Republican governor of New York, who had gained fame as an investigator of malpractices by gas and insurance companies and by the coal trust. He later ran against Wilson in the 1916 election.
Dust Bowl
A region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. Stretched north of Texas into the Dakotas
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.
Zoot Suit Riots
A series of riots that began in L.A. California during WW2 because the Press said Mexicans were subversive and forming gangs in East L.A. The Mexican Americans were called "zoot suiters" because they wore oversized suits. American serviceman on leave from bases near the city participated in raids against anyone of Mexican descent. The Mexican government got involved, and the State Department sent armed forces to LA.
Alice Paul
A suffragette who believed that giving women the right to vote would eliminate the corruption in politics.
Josephine Baker
A twentieth-century African-American actress, dancer, singer, and civil rights activist. She gained her international reputation first in Europe. After World War II she was decorated by the French government for her work in the Resistance, and at her death she was given a state funeral as a war hero.
Lincoln Steffens
United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities.
John Dewey
He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." Praised cultural diversity
What happened to Huey Long in 1935?
He was assassinated
Charles Evan Hughes
He was the Republican governor of New York who ran for the presidency in 1916. He lost to Wilson. He was a strong reformer who gained his national fame as an investigator of malpractices in gas and insurance companies. In 1921 he became Harding's Secretary of State. He called together the major powers to the Washington Disarmament Conference in 1921.
James M. Cox
He was the democrat nominee chosen to run for the presidency against Harding in the 1920 election. His vice-presidential running mate was Franklin Roosevelt.
Alfred P. Sloan
Head of General Motors; Largest automaker by 1920; Modern administrative system
Who of the following would have argued that women's tendency to prefer peace over war was a basis for denying them the right to vote?
Alfred Thayer Mahan
The Naval Act of 1890 can be interpreted as a fulfillment of the vision of
Alfred Thayer Mahan.
Alice Paul
Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.
Alice Paul
Headed the re invigoration of the women's suffrage movement in the 1910s.
A
The America First Committee was designed to? a. advocate Americas continued neutrality in foreign wars b. protect American investments in Europe and control China c. block Roosevelt's attempt to run for a third term as president d. protest congressional approval of the Lend-Lease Act
George F. Kennan
An American diplomat and historian. He was best known as an advocate of a policy of containment of Soviet expansion during the Cold War (the Truman Doctrine).
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
An association that promoted black pride and black unity. It also encouraged African Americans to move permanently to Africa.
A. Philip Randolph
An black leader in the civil rights movement, the American labor movement, and socialist political parties. He threatened a march to end discrimination in the work place; Roosevelt gave in with companies that get federal grants.
What did most black soldiers believe would be the consequence of their heroism during World War I?
An increase of civil rights for African Americans
Lincoln Steffens
An investigative reporter that documented deep corruption at the core of city governments.
What were the key components of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?
An open door policy for trade with the Soviet Union
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
An organization founded in 1920 to defend Americans' rights and freedoms as given in the Constitution
Who launched the government crusade to rid the country of political radicals like Emma Goldman, an anarchist and feminist, during the Red Scare of 1919?
A. Mitchell Palmer
List the causes of the Great Depression and discuss the effectiveness of the government's responses by 1932.
There was a lack of diversification in the economy as well as poor distribution of consumer purchasing power and consumer demand. Credit Structure was bad and there was a decline in American participation in world trade.
Ninteenth Amendment
Barred any state from using sex as a qualification for suffrage.
Literacy Act of 1917
Barred immigrants who couldn't read in their own language from entering the country, partial result of anti-German sentiment
What made it possible for American companies to issue shares that had no underlying value?
There was minimal government regulation of the securities market.
War Industries Board
Oversaw all aspects of war production - from distributing raw materials to setting prices for manufactured goods - and it created standardized specifications for nearly everything. -The Railroad Administration controlled the nation's transportation. -The Fuel Agency rationed coal and oil, and -The Food Administration helped farmers increase crop yields and promoted more efficient food preparation.
Which of the following was made possible by the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
Federal income tax
D
The corruption scandal that rocked President Warren G. Harding's administration was known as? A. Red scare B. Black tuesday C. American Mercury D. Teapot Dome
What was the outcome of the Scopes trial in Tennessee in 1925?
The court found Scopes guilty, but the Supreme Court overturned the decision.
Explain the Sacco and Vanzzetti case
There were two Italian anarchists who captured armored cards and killed a bunch of guards. They were captured, tried, and killed. The communists used America's reaction as a tool to portray them as aggressive, insensitive, etc towards immigrants, and completely ignored the terrible things the Italian men had done.
What book about FDR was influencing people to believe that he was not doing enough for them?
Thunder on the Left
American Expeditionary Force
About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals
Summarize the ways ideas about (and the reality of) proper roles for women changed in these years.
Activist Alice Paul promoted the Equal Rights Amendment which would ideally eliminate all legal distinctions of sex, allowing for equal access to employment, education, and other opportunities provided through citizenship, though this amendment failed. Women changed their social roles by celebrating sexual freedom with short hair and skirts, smoking and drinking, and using birth control. The popular ideas of consumerism and mass culture spread these new social ideas, including cigarette advertisement directed toward women and mass production of labor-saving appliances that gave women more recreational time.
A
According to the educator E. P. Cubbery, the work of the assimilation included? a. teaching immigrant children in their native language b. requiring immigrants to pass literacy tests before they were allowed to vote c. restoring ethnic pride in immigrant communities d. breaking up ethnic communities
Social Security Act
Act established a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, elderly poor, and families with dependent children
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
Act signed by President Wilson in 1916 that excluded from interstate commerce goods manufactured by children under fourteen; later ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the ground that regulation of interstate commerce could not extend to the conditions of labor.
Sheppard-Towner Act
Act that funded rural prenatal and baby-care centers staffed by public-health nurses
Ida B. Wells
African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores
Marcus Garvey
African American leader during the 1920's who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.
Langston Hughes
African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.
Booker T. Washington
African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
Despite their differences, Langston Hughes and Marcus Garvey agreed that
African American success did not depend on white approval.
Despite a marked overall decrease in membership numbers, most unions with the American Federation of Labor barred ________________________ from joining.
African Americans
The Harlem Renaissence
African american cultural movement centered in Harlem that celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life.
Bureau of War Risk Insurance
Agency created in October 1917 to aid soldier's families; established a precedent of government help for families at risk
War Labor Board
Agency that encouraged workers to join unions and guaranteed unions' right to bargain with management. It also pressured factory owners to introduce the eight-hour workday, end child labor, and open their plants to safety and sanitation inspectors
Commission on Training Camp Activities
Agency that presented soldiers with films, lectures, and posters on the dangers of alcohol and prostitution
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another (originally U.S. and France)
A Mitchell Palmer
Alexander Mitchell Palmer, was Attorney General of the United States from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare of 1919-20
The leader of a new generation of suffragists in the 1910s was...
Alice Paul.
Grandfather Clause
Allowed any voter who had voted before 1867, or had a father or grandfather who had voted, to be exempt from the literacy test or other restrictions.
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Along with John Marshall, he is often considered considered one of the greatest justices in Supreme Court history. His opinions and famous dissents in favor of individual liberties are still frequently quoted today. He argued that current necessity rather than precedent should determine the rules by which people are governed; that experience, not logic, should be the basis of law.
Eighteenth Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution that established national prohibition of alcohol
Nineteenth Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution that granted women the right to vote
Sedition Amendment
Amendment to the Espionage Act that imposed stiff penalties on anyone convicted of using "disloyal, profane.... or abusive language" about the government, the Constitution, the flag, or the military
President Wilson's inability to remain neutral in the conflict between the Allies and the Central Powers was the result of
America's economic dependence on the Allies.
Chinese Exclusion Act Where
America, mainly California
Helen Keller
American female author, political activist, lecturer; first deaf-blind person to earn B.A. She wrote The Story of My Life and The Frost King. Was against the Great War in Europe
Billy Sunday
American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups.
John Steinbeck
American novelist who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath". (1939) A story of Dustbowl victims who travel to California to look for a better life.
William James
American progressive, championed efforts to promote public health, women's suffrage, temperance, and arbitration of international disputes
The chapter introduction relates the story of the "World's Columbian Exposition" to make the point that
American society and the world had been transformed by the industrial revolution.
Which of the following best assesses the reasons for the popularity of Charles Lindbergh and his nonstop flight from New York to Paris?
Americans united in pride over the combination of technical prowess and individual derring-do that was evident in Lindbergh's flight.
Williams v. Mississippi
An 1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests. By 1908, every southern state had adopted such measures.
Japanese Internment
An unnecessary and unfair program where Japanese Americans were interned in camps across the U.S. Most Japanese in the continental U.S. were interned, but lots of Japanese living in Hawaii emerged unscathed. The U.S. military concluded there was no threat from Japanese Americans, but the public demanded internment. In February 1942, FDR issued an executive order creating internment camps. In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld internment. Over time, anti-Japanese sentiment subsides, and eventually the internment camps are dismantled. In 1988, the U.S. government apologized.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Anarchists who were eventually executed; their trial and the years that followed it highlighted nativist prejudices and fears.
"Un-American"
Antiwar sentiment, labor radicalism, and sympathy for the Russian Revolution.
How did the KKK connect to people?
Appealed to the peoples concerns, promised to protect the families and women
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI.
How had Calvin Coolidge won his place on the 1920 Republican ticket?
As governor, he had broken the strike of the Boston police force in 1919.
Old Immigration Significance
Assimilated well, majority were literate. seen as wanting to embrace American culture.
What was the aim of Socialist political parties composed of followers of Karl Marx?
Attack the injustices of capitalism and create a worker's republic.
Huerta, Victoriano
Attempted to reestablish centralized dictatorship in Mexico following the removal of Madero in 1913; forced from power in 1914 by Villa and Zapata.
A. Mitchell Palmer
Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare; he was nicknamed the "Fighting Quaker" until a bomb destroyed his home; he then had a nervous breakdown and became known as the "Quaking Fighter."
A. Palmer Mitchell
Attorney-General whose house was partially destroyed by a bomb sent by a lunatic fringe group; he harbored an entrenched distrust of aliens and warned the public against a Bolshevik Red Menace.
Which of the following nations was one of the Central Powers during World War I?
Austria-Hungary
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Which areas got chopped up and has its land distributed?
Austria-Hungry
Where is Russia?
B
After hitting 60 home runs during the Yankees dominant 1927 season, who earned the nickname "Sultan of Swat?"
Babe Ruth
What ended the wild speculation in Florida real estate during the late 1920s?
Bad weather
Roosevelt's National Industrial Recovery Act
Based on the government-business partnership created by the War Industries Board in World War I.
Bataan Death March
Brutal march of American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese soldiers in 1942. japan went after the Philippines in January 1942, and MacArthur retreated, leaving troops in control of Wainwright. These 78,000 troops surrender and are marched 65 miles to concentration camps.
Fleeing the dust storms of the 1930s, "Okies" in search of new jobs and homes headed for
California.
Calvin Coolidge
Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.
The Head of the War industries Board during World War I was:
Bernard Baruch
Identify the purpose of the American Federation of Labor in the first decade of the 20th century.
Better wages and working conditions for skilled craftspeople, limit entry into the crafts & protect worker perogatives
Which of the following suburbs grew at its fastest pace through the 1920s?
Beverly Hills
Ida B. Wells
Black clubwoman and founding member of the NAACP, spearheaded the attack on lynching.
A. Philip Randolph
Black leader, who threatens a march to end discrimination in the work place; Roosevelt gives in with companies that get federal grants.
Who was Marcus Garvey?
Black man who did not believe in immigration because he didn't trust whites
War Industries Board
Board set up by the Council of Defense to coordinate military purchasing; ensure production efficiency; and provide weapons, equipment, and supplies to the military
Name the individual who took a gradualist approach to African American concerns.
Booker T. Washington
Why did so many African Americans migrate out of the South to the industrial North during the war?
Booming northern industries need a labor force that no longer came through European immigration
George H. White
Born into slavery in 1852, this Carolinian became the state prosecuter and later was the last Black to serve in Congress in the 19th century.
B
Both the Congress of Racial Equality and the League of United Latin American Citizens of organized that challenged? a. denial of minority citizens' voting rights b. segregation of public accommodations c. job discrimination based on race d. segregation within the military
How was appointing Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Court a way to shore up progressive support?
Brandeis was a Jew, and that meant that Wilson's defense of his Supreme Court nomination meant progressive support.
with the signing of the treaty of _______ russia need its involvement in the great war
Brest litovsk
Rural Electrification Agency
Bring electricity to homes, thus enabling rural Americans to purchase household appliances.
although publicly Wilson urged america to remain neutral regarding the great war he personally favored
Britain and France
Allies of WWI (Triple Entente)
Britain, France, Japan, Russia and Italy
Zimmerman Telegram
British spies made public the__________________, a message by the German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to Mexico asking it to declare war against the United States and regain its territory lost in the Mexican War.
What were the Allied Powers during world war 1?
Brittain, France, Russia, and America
Name the first target of Theodore Roosevelt's attack on trusts. What famous banker had an interest in this? Was he pleased by TR's actions?
Brought suit against the Northern Securities company for a violate of the Sherman Anti-Trust act. J. P. Morgan was partially behind this company, and was appalled, saying that Roosevelt had not acted like a gentleman and asking if they would be attacking his other interests.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Built dams to prevent floods and provide cheap electricity along the Tennessee River valley.
During World War I, how did the federal government win the support of big business for the war effort?
By offering economic incentives
Where is France?
C
League of Nations
Came into being after the end of World War 1. the task was simple - to ensure that war never broke out again.
Why u.s lifted the Chinese exclusion act?
Cause they were trying to help the Chinese against the Japanese
The 1919 steel strike
Centered in Chicago, it brought together 365,000 mostly immigrant workers who demanded union recognition, higher wages, and an eight-hour workday in an industry that arbitrarily established wages and working conditions and suppressed all union activity. -During the war, large numbers of workers joined the steel workers' union, and by the end of 1918 they had won the eight-hour day. Employers resumed opposing the union after the war, and they responded to the strike by: -appealing to nativism among native-born workers (many of whom returned to work), and painting the union and strike as inspired by the IWW, communism, and disloyalty.
Second New Deal
Centered on economic security—the guarantee that government would protect Americans from unemployment and poverty.
General A. Mitchell Palmer
Certain that the steel strike was part of a global communist conspiracy.
Know what led to greater leisure time for workers.
Changing work rules and mechanization
Ohio high school teacher John Scopes was put on trial for giving a lecture on the theories of
Charles Darwin
Ohio high school teacher John Scopes was put on trial for giving a lecture on the theories of
Charles Darwin.
B
Charles Schenck was convicted of espionage in 1919 because he? a. sent a mail bomb to the home of the attorney general of the U.S b. urged Americans to oppose the military draft during WW1 c. was a mentor of the Industrial Workers of the World d. protested the American Intervention in the Russian Revolution
Jane Addams Where
Chicago
Who was Gifford Pinchot?
Chief of the forest service.
The Open Door Policy gave the United States the opportunity to trade with which of the following countries?
China
Burlingame Treaty Who
China, America, Railroad Companies
Chinese Exclusion Act Who
Chinese immigrants, Congress, Nativists
Jane Addams called the impulse to found settlement houses:
Christian humanitarianism
Americans' interest in China after the acquisition of the Philippines is best described as:
Commercial
Though some of the regulation movement was useful, how can historians also criticize various elective commissions overseeing complex businesses?
Commissioners often had little knowledge of corporate affairs, and in a violation of their investigative functions, many of these elective commissions promised voters specific rates or reforms.
Zimmermann Telegram
Communication from the German foreign secretary to the German ambassador in Mexico outlining a deal to be offered to bring Mexico into the war
United Auto Workers
Conducted a sit-down strike, occupying a General Motors plant in Cleveland.
Washington Naval Arms Conference
Conference called by Secretary of State Hughes to address the problem of the United States, Great Britain, and Japan edging toward a dangerous (and costly) naval-arms race
Versailles Peace Conference
Conference where the victorious nations of WWI came together to negotiate peace treaties
B
Congress lifted the Chinese Exclusion Act during WW2? a. because the US needed Chinese workers b. because China was being occupied by Japan c. to assimilate Chinese immigrants into the mainstream d. to bring Chinese men into the American military
Morrill Act Who
Congress, State Universities
George H. White
Congressman of North Carolina, was the last of 40 African Americans to serve in the House of Representatives since Reconstruction.
Equal Rights Amendment
Constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender.
Explain how consumerism and the idea of the "American way of life" affected peoples understanding of American values, including freedom, in the 1920s.
Consumerism led to mass production, creating a mass culture that molded many American values into one, where people could afford it. On the other hand, people left behind from mass culture (mostly farmers) felt tension and resentment towards those who were a part of it (mostly city people). Those who were a part of mass civilization were determined to defend it at any cost, including going into debt to enjoy a leisurely life.
Woodrow Wilson
Continued the disheartening display of presidential prejudice in 1913. Dismissed 15 of 17 black supervisors holding federal positions.
Chautauqua Movement Significance
Contributed to development of American faith in public education
John Muir
Convinced many Americans, through prolific writing, of the value of nature and the tragedy of its loss.
Fundamentalists
Convinced that the Bible's literal truth was the basis of Christian doctrine - started campaigns to exorcise modernism from Christianity and restrict individual freedoms.
As president and a secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover urged American corporations and businesses to:
Cooperate
Paul, Alice
Created a long legacy of woman's rights and lobbied for a constitutional amendment to secure the right to vote for women.
War Industries Board
Created in 1917 to coordinate government purchases of military supplies
Where is Holland?
D
Charles Lindbergh
Daredevil stunt pilot who flew solo across the Atlantic in his small single engine plane. The Spirit of St. Louis, on May 20-21, 1927
Discuss the corruption during Warren G. Harding's administration
Daugherty - Corrupt law practices Forbes - draft dodger; stole from the Veteran's Bureau, Fall - takes bribe from private industry; first U.S. cabinet member to go to prison "Teapot Dome" becomes a catchall phrase for corruption
Lynching
Death by hanging, usually without trial - opposed by NACW
John W. Davis
Democratic convention nominee in 1924 against Coolidge. He was a wealthy lawyer connected with J.P. Morgan and Company. Coolidge easily defeated Davis.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression
In the 1918 midterm elections:
Democrats lost both house of Congress to a deeply conservative Republican party
Workingmen Party of California Who
Denis Kearney, Californian railroad workers, Chinese railroad workers
Hoovervilles
Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress
What were the key factors in propelling the United States into World War I?
Desire for expanding political influence worldwide
How does this make Wilson's legacy with oppressed minority groups especially complicated?
Despite his previous efforts against black racial progress, he accepted Brandeis, a Jew (widely discriminated against) into the supreme court, showing his capacity to behave on either side of the minority rights spectrum.
Versailles Treaty
Did accomplish some of Wilson's hopes, including: -The establishment of a League of Nations to supervise a new international order, and -National self-determination in eastern Europe - making new nations from the ruins of the defeated Austro-Hungarian empire and Germany (Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Yugoslavia). - Virtually guaranteeing future conflict France won the right to occupy iron and coal-rich regions of Germany. -Strict limits were imposed on Germany's future army and navy, and -Germany was required to make huge reparations payments - devastating the German economy.
The Treaty of Versailles:
Disarmed Germany and stripped her of her colonies
Okies
Displaced farm families from the Oklahoma dust bowl who migrated to California during the 1930s in search of jobs.
What did the members of the Bonus Army want from the federal government?
Early payment of a benefit promised to World War I veterans
B
During WW2, the majority of women who entered the wartime workforce were over the age of 35 because younger women? a. worried that factory work was not "feminine" b. struggled to arrange for child care c. were less self-sacrificing than older women d. didnt have the necessary skills and experience
Where is Belgium
E
What were the positives about the dams?
Each dam created electricity and encouraged more jobs for the government
Francisco Madero
Early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles
Worldwide, Fordism stood for:
Efficient assembly line methods
Dollar Diplomacy
Economic investment & loans; Taft.
A
Edgar Hoover was the first director of the? A. Federal Bureau of Investigation B. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People C. U.S. Department of Justice D. American Civil Liberties Union
Among U.S. magazines in the 1920s, the Reader's Digest stood out for:
Editing previously published articles for mass consumption
1st u.s victory in ww2
Egypt - LEMAINE
New Look
Eisenhower's defense policy. At first, Eisenhower's foreign policy was similar to the Truman doctrine (containment), but John Foster Dulles put together the "New Look"—a plan for the rollback of communism. The New Look threatened nuclear war aggressively to battle communism. Eisenhower began relying on covert ops and the new CIA to battle communism; example: the CIA toppled Iran in 1953, and Guatemala in 1954. The U.S. began contemplating the overthrow of the Castro regime in Cuba.
Who led the Philippine resistance to American occupation at the end of the nineteenth century?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Kaiser Wilhelm
Emperor of Germany during World War I; symbol to the United States of German militarism.
Which of the following was one of the unintended consequences of the Muller v. Oregon decision of 1908?
Employers readily fired their female employees.
What did Herbert encourage as Secretary of Commerce, and what effect did it have?
Encouraged the sharing of technology to improve economy -Increased national product and productivity
What did the Food Administration encourage?
Encourages people to cut down on product that are needed for war. Start growing victory gardens, "meatless Monday" "wheat-less Wednesday"
Versailles Peace Treaty
Ended WWI
Treaty of Versailles
Ended World War I and reflected the general sentiments of a nation weary of crusades both domestically and internationally
Theodore Roosevelt's mediation was important at the Portsmouth Peace Conference of 1905, which
Ended the Russo-Japanese War
Indian New Deal
Ended the policy of coerced assimilation and granting unprecedented cultural autonomy.
How did the new acts effect big and little companies?
Ends up being a great thing for big meat companies, bad for little companies
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Ensured the accounts of individual depositors.
Which of the following characterizes the intent of Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Equality should be established among the nations.
Describe the provisions of the Social Security Act of 1935.
Established a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, elderly poor, and families with dependent children The Social Security Act created the American version of the welfare state—a term with origins in World War II-era Britain that referred to income assistance, medical care, and social services for all citizens.
Initiative, referendum, and recall
Established by states such as Wisconsin to make it possible for citizens to place legislation directly before voters in general elections and allowed voters to repeal state legislation that they did not approve of.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Established in 1932 by Herbert Hoover to offset the effects of the Great Depression; the RFC was authorized to give federal credit to banks so that they could operate efficiently. Banks recieving these loans were expected to extend loans to businesses providing jobs or building low-cost housing.
Of the four presidential candidates in 1912, the one most likely to advocate government ownership of big business was
Eugene V Debs
Who formed the Socialist party of America and then ran for president multiple times? (The Pullman Strike had made him famous.)
Eugene V. Debs
WCTU Significance
Eventually succeeded with ban of alcohol by 18th amendment.
Theodore Roosevelt
Expanded upon the Monroe Doctrine.
In the two years immediately after World War I, the United States:
Experienced heightened racial violence and antiradical hysteria
Lend-Lease Act
Extended credit for military goods to the British. FDR said it was necessary to protect the "four freedoms." In Atlantic, the Germans were attacking British ships carrying American military goods.
Where is Austria
F
Whose novels did much to spread the popular image of the 1920s as the "Jazz Age" of wild parties, drinking, sex, and materialism?
F. Scott Fitzgerald
"Court-packing"
FDR plan to add up to six new justices to the nine-member Supreme Court after the Court had ruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional. FDR said he was trying to make the Supreme Court more efficient, but critics charged that Roosevelt was just trying to "pack" the court to neutralize Supreme Court justices hostile to his New Deal.
Good Neighbor Policy
FDR's 1933 foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force in the region. FDR said we would switch from a policy of "arrogant intervention" to "a helping hand." At this time, Nicaragua, Cuba, and Guatemala were embroiled in revolution. Critics of the Good Neighbor Policy say that it permitted the rise of dictators.
The biggest defeat of American ground forces in World War I was in the Argonne Forest
False
True or false: As a result of the Scopes trial, fundamentalist beliefs were discredited and anti-evolution law were repealed.
False
True or false: Charles Lindbergh showed immigrants that they could succeed at anything.
False
True or false: Federal minimum-wage laws that ensured that workers were well paid and thus has additional purchasing power contributed to the general prosperity of the 1920s.
False
True or false: Herbert Hoover's presidential race revealed his long experience with running for elected office.
False
True or false: Thomas Hart Benton was a artist that showed a fascination with urban industrial America during the 1920s.
False
Earnest Hemingway
Famous author who wrote "The Sun Also Rises" and "A Farewell to Arms"
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Famous case in which two immigrants were accused of murder with no hard evidence, yet they were put to death anyway. Showed how much Americans distrusted foreigners.
President Coolidge opposed twice and vetoed the McNary-Haugen Bill, which is designed to help ___________________.
Farmers
J. Edgar Hoover was the first director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
J. Edgar Hoover was the first director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Legislation passed in 1916 did NOT include the
Federal Reserve Act
Woodrow Wilson's Progressive reforms- Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission, Workers Comp Act
Federal Reserve Act- (1913) insured people money in banks, stopped scares and stabilized the bank
Who led the movement that questioned the judge's fairness in the case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti?
Felix Frankfurter
Discuss why some people opposed American involvement in World War I.
Felt war would take away from further efforts to achieve social justice.
Name the disaster which forced state and national attention on working conditions in factories and stores.
Fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company kills 146 people
Chinese Exclusion Act SIgnificance
First federal law to restrict immigration based on race, gave rise to human smuggling
Rankin, Jeanette
First woman elected to congress
Jeanette Rankin
First woman to serve in Congress. Suffragist and pacifist, voted against US involvement in WWI and WWII.
Haywood, William D. "Big Bill"
Founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World and a member of the executive committee of the Socialist Party of America.
What did Herbert Hoover have difficulty with as president?
Fixing the Depression, despite having experience with the economy.
The founder of the Committee of Congestion of Population in New York was...
Florence Kelley.
Identify which violent sport led to the establishment of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Football
What made President Warren Harding's appointment of Charles Forbes as head of the Veteran's Bureau particularly embarrassing?
Forbes had dodged the draft during World War I.
_________________ is synonymous with specialized, repetitive, and highly efficient assembly-line production.
Fordism
The Committee on Public Information utilized what propaganda methods?
Foreign language publications to reach immigrants, an army of public speakers, and posters
Open Door notes
Foreign policy proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay, where ha=e asked the major European powers to assure trading rights in China by opening the ports in their spheres of influence to all countries. A year later, Hays reaffirmed the principle of open trade in China for all nations and announced America's determination to preserve China's territorial and administrative integrity. In general, China remained open to U.S. business interests and Christian missionaries.
League of Women Voters
Founded by Carrie Chapman Catt, a nonpartisan group that educated voters on issues and researched civic issues. Several of its measures were endorsed by the 1920 major-party platforms
Chautauqua Movement Where
Founded in New York
Jane Addams What
Founded of Hull House/Settlement Housing Movement, dedicated her life to improving the lives of others through Christ. Won Nobel Peace prize in 1931
Lenin, Vladimir
Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship. He led the October Revolution of 1917, in which the Communists seized power in Russia. He then ruled the country until his death in 1924.
Henry Ford
Founder of the Ford Motor Company and pioneer of modern assembly lines used in mass production
Homer Plessy argued before the Supreme Court in 1896 that the ___________ Amendment was violated by the forced segregation of streetcar passengers in Louisiana.
Fourteenth
during the great war what countries made up the allied powers
France, britian. russia
first cabinet women in US history
Frances perkins
WCTU Who
Francis WIllard, middle class women
The new social practice of "dating" permitted young Americans to:
Gain a degree of sexual experience without marriage
The progressives' emphasis on efficiency drew on the ideas of
Frederick W. Taylor.
FDR's 4 freedoms
Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
Who started the wide use of symbolism and lead to the committee on public information?
Freud
Manhattan Project
From 1941-1943, lots of Jewish scientists migrated to the U.S. Einstein wrote a letter to FDR that led to the establishment of the Manhattan project, in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The project was very secretive, and used aliases. In April 1945, FDR dies, and Harry Truman takes over. Truman wants to make a statement to the soviets, so he decided to use the Atomic bomb. He issued Japan a warning, and Japan refused to surrender, leading to the bombing of Hiroshima and then Nagasaki. Oppenheimer was a scientist who worked on the Manhattan project who was scared of what he made.
Where is Germany?
G
The commission system of city government was first adopted in:
Galveston, Texas
Federal Home Loan Bank System
Gave aid to homeowners threatened with foreclosure.
President Roosevelt's decision to preserve 150 million acres of timberland as national forest would have been understood to advance the agenda of
Gene Stratton-porter
Central Powers
German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Kindgom of Bulgaria - alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Wilhelm "Kaiser"
German emperor
U-boat
German submarine
The American troops helped the Allied forces to push the battle lines of the western front closer to what nation?
Germany
Which of the following countries had the highest casualties in the great war
Germany
Who lost at the end of WW1?
Germany
Arthur Zimmerman
Germany's Foreign Secretary who proposed an alliance with Mexico against the United States, said that if Mexico fought against U.S. Germany would return lost territories
The Central powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
comitee on public information
Government agency created in 1917 to "sell the war" at home and abroad, distributed and translated Wilson's 14 point peace plan
Al Smith
Governor of New York four times, and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. He was the first Roman Catholic and Irish-American to run for President as a major party nominee. He lost the election to Herbert Hoover.
The Harlem Renaissance would not have occurred were it not for the
Great Migration.
WCTU What
Group founded by WIllard encouraging temperance through Christianity to reduce domestic violence, crime and corruption.
Bonus Army
Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash
Who prevented the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1893?
Grover Cleveland
Where is Poland?
H
The United States Marines continued their occupation of which nation throughout the 1920s?
Haiti
Know the consequence of the new industrial system on workers.
Hard, painful labor under dangerous conditions
What did the this Klan leader do while he was being tried?
He threatens the mayor/governor saying he was going to throw everyone under the bus and expose everyone. He goes to jail and does exactly that.
How did President Roosevelt address the issue of monopolies?
He used the "bully pulpit" to attack big business.
Why did Marcus Garvey acquire the Black Starline Steamship Company?
He wanted to aid in the migration of African Americans back to Africa and the West Indies.
Victoriano Huerta
He was a Mexican military officer and President of Mexico who was also leader of the violent revolution that took place in 1913. His rise to power caused many Mexicans to cross the border as well as angering the United States who saw him as a dictator.
Robert Oppenheimer
He a physicist who was the director of the Manhattan. Project. He helped to ensure the development of the atomic bomb before the axis.
Edward M. House
He acted as Wilson's unofficial Secretary of State in Europe. He tried to arbitrate peace between the Allies and the Central Powers in 1916.
Explain Dr. Townsend's plan
He believed that everyone over 60 years old who doesn't have a job should get $200 a month (a lot of money back then) -Obvs everyone over 60 was like "oh yes, amazing idea, let my quit my job asap"
How did Wisconsin's Robert La Follette respond to American involvement in World War I?
He boldly condemned American involvement.
Explain the resolution of the anthracite coal miners' strike of 1902. What is significant in history about this strike?
He called the opposing sides to the white house to settle the dispute.
How did Republican President Warren G Harding disappoint his supporters?
He commuted the sentence of Eugene Debs.
Why did Calvin Coolidge veto the McNary-Haugen Acts of 1927 and 1928?
He considered them unwarranted government interference in the economy.
Explain Theodore Roosevelt's trust policy and the Square Deal.
He created the department of commerce and labor by accusing Rockefeller of organizing the movement against the department's creation. The square deal was the deal made when he invited both sides of the striking coal miner dispute to the white house.
What happens to Harding soon after this scandal and other corruption was discovered/ investigated?
He died
Marcus Garvey
He encouraged African Americans to reject assimilation into white society and develop pride in their own race and culture; founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
How did President Hover's attitude toward business differ from those of his Republican predecessors?
He encouraged capitalist leaders to obligate themselves to ensuring a socially responsible economic order.
How did William Howard Taft's temperament work against him? What did he really want to be instead of president?
He fled from rights and disliked political maneuvering. which led him to be more easily dismissed and insulted. Taft would've preferred to be a judge.
What happens when Coughlin starts preaching his ideas on hitler, etc.
He gets removed from the air
Why did the state of Tennessee indict high school teacher John Scopes in 1925?
He had taught the theory of evolution.
What was Taft's strategy in the 1910 midterms, the 16th Amendment, and the Sherman Antitrust Act?
He helped form anti-progressive organizations, authorized an income tax, and continued to enforce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Discuss TR's actions—good and bad—in regards to race relations and the Republican Party.
He invited Booker T. Washington to the white house, an event that was not heard of. He also denounced lynching and the use of peonage (the forced servitude of a group of people based on unpayable debt). However, he supported racist Republican organizations and said nothing when a major race riot broke out in Atlanta.
General John J Pershing
He led an American expeditionary force across the Mexican border.
Theordore Roosevelt
He negotiated a secret He sent the "Great He considered Latin America He claimed that the US
How did President Woodrow Wilson respond to the Ludlow massacre?
He sent federal troops to restore order and end the strike activities.
How did President Theodore Roosevelt aggravate racial tensions in 1906?
He summarily discharged over 150 black soldiers over a disputed incident in Brownsville, Texas.
Settlement House Movement Significance
Helped get immigrants on their feet
Jane Addams Significance
Helped many immigrants, encouraged social reform
Tax act of 1916
Increased levies on the wealthy in accord with the just ratified Sixteenth Amendment, which permitted a graduated income tax.
On average, wartime wages for unskilled workers during the United States:
Increased nearly 20 percent
Who became a global rockstar for production efficiency?
Henry Ford
List the legislative accomplishments of Theodore Roosevelt's terms and how a novel influenced his policies.
Hepburn Act, which strengthened the rate-making power of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Also, upon reading Upton Sinclaire's "The Jungle," he passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug act.
Who did Coolidge hire as the Secretary Commerce?
Herbert Hoover
How did u.s try to raise money for war debt
Increasing income tax
Walter Lippmann
His Public Opinion assumed powerful media effects in 1920s
Which of the following did the fundamentalists of the 1920s condemn in particular?
Hollywood
Veterans Administration
Home ownership became a reality for tens of millions of families.
individuals labeled mugwumps were best associated with which concept
Honest government
Settlement House Movement What
House where immigrants came to live when arriving in US, taught English and how to get jobs usually run by middle class educated women.
C
How did American schoolchildren aid in the war effort during WW2? a. They worked in victory gardens b. They entered early military training programs c. They recycled rubber and scrap metal d. They handed out propaganda pamphlets
Who was a major supporter of this book and the ideas it held?
Huey Long
Hughes, Charles Evans
Hughes, a progressive Republican, was that party's presidential nominee in 1916. Later, he was a secretary of state and chief justice of the United States.
Explain the "Soak the rich tax" FDR suggested?
Idea to tax rich people more
Prohibition also earned huge profits for those who trafficked in_________________, and it made for pervasive government_______________.
Illegal alcohol, corruption
In the 1920s, fears of______________-based political ______________ now outweighed demands for cheap labor
Immigrant, radicalism
Old Immigration Who
Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe
New Immigration Who
Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, many Jews
Settlement House Movement Who
Immigrants, educated middle class women
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Implemented a strategy of recruiting wealthy members of the rapidly growing women's club movement, whose time, money and experience could help build the suffrage movement.
Boxer Rebellion
In 1899, a fanatical antiforeign secret society known as the Harmonious Righteous Fists (called "Boxers" by Western journalists) killed thousands of foreigners and Chinese Christians. In June 1900, the boxers occupied Beijing (Peking), the Chinese capital, and besieged the foreign legations
Identify who pressed for global change in 1919 and their goals, and the identity and goals of those who opposed them.
In 1919 we see another push for Nationalism by the Progressives.They saw the way as "a possibility of reforming American society." We see this reoccurring theme of making the world a humanitarian effort by civilizing those who were not quite up to "American standards." Although the irony of ethnic and racial inequality was still heavily in force. sadly, for the Progressives in the 19th century, their mindset prevailed that the very best they could do was offer an American culture to those who were not lucky enough to be born American.
Berlin Blockade/Airlift
In 1948, Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States began to airlift supplies into Berlin.
Compare and contrast the goals of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
In contrast with the AFL, the CIO sought to organize factories, mills, and offices, where men and women from European immigrant, Appalachian white, or southern African American backgrounds were plentiful. The AFL based its organization on just skills of its members, while the CIO had a afflication with a diversity of skilled and non-skilled workers.
Repatriation
In the early days of the Great Depression, the American people targeted Mexicans and Mexican Americans. They weren't targeted before because agribusiness relied on them. In the early 1930s, Anti-Mexican hysteria swept the United States. Repatriation was a process by which Mexican Americans were deported out of the U.S. They were encouraged, or forced, by local, state, and federal officials to return to Mexico during the 1930s. The government began restricting visas and going door-to-door to ask for papers. Led to deportation raids, and immigration authority increasing presence in areas with large Mexican populations. More people were deported from the U.S. than entered the U.S. Lots of Mexican Americans fell pretty to this as well. The Mexican government was still struggling get with the aftermath of the Mexican revolution at this time. Repatriation didn't work; jobs weren't suddenly plentiful, and if anything it had a negative economic impact. It negatively affected the banking industry. Repatriation uprooted 2 million people and hurt our relations with Mexico. By 1932, repatriation and xenophobia started winding down.
Bonus Marchers
In the spring of 1932, 20,000 unemployed World War I veterans descended on Washington to demand early payment of a bonus due in 1945, only to be driven away by federal soldiers led by the army's chief of staff, Douglas MacArthur.
How did progressives who wished to use government for reform end up mirroring some of the practices of the very businesses they were regulating?
Incorporated interest groups, which worked outside of political parties to pressure governments to enact the changes they wanted.
Burlingame Treaty Significance
Increased influx of Chinese immigrants. Allowed unlimited Chinese laborers causing resentment over "stolen jobs"
Tax Act of 1916
Increased levies on the wealthy in accord with the just ratified Sixteenth Amendment, which permitted a graduated income tax.
Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict
Insisted that no basis existed in science for theories of racial superiority or a hierarchy of civilizations. But these had little effect on public policy.
Federal Housing Administration
Insured millions of long-term mortgages issued by private banks.
League of Nations
International organization established during the Versailles Peace Conference. The agreement to establish the League, written into the treaty, embodied Wilson's vision of a new world order of peace and justice
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Investigated and publicized lynching, segregation, and organized protests.
Versailles Treaty- features and flaws
It brought peace to to Europe but unjustly blamed Germany
What was special about the 1927 film The Jazz Singer?
It came with sound and included extended dialogue.
Which of the following is true about the National Origins Act?
It created the border patrol.
What happened to his support/ popularity as a result?
It drops
How did the Mexican government respond in the 1920s to the increasing emigration of its citizens to the United States?
It established a network of consulates in the Southwest to encourage return migration.
List the major characteristics of progressivism.
It fostered a reform movement that sought cures for the problems of city, state, and nation, it drew upon the expertise of new social sciences and reflected a shift from older absolutes such as religion, and it inspired fresh modes of dance, film, painting, literature, and other cultural factors.
What was the final result of the international conference on naval disarmament from 1921 to 1922?
It maintained the territorial status quo in East Asia and limited the size of navies.
Which of the following was true about the $32 billion the government appropriated for wartime expenses?
It nearly equaled the entire gross national product of the united states in 1910
How did the United States Senate respond to the Treaty of Versailles?
It rejected it.
What did teens and young adults of the 1920s appreciate most about the car?
It served as a mobile bedroom.
What did Wilson's administration do during World War I?
It sold millions of dollars' worth of government bonds to Americans through techniques learned from advertising and public relations, it set up a federal agency to build public support for the war with news releases, posters, speakers, and other propaganda, and it took over and ran the railroads and imposed greater federal regulation over the economy than ever before in U.S. history
What was the impact of the Fordney McCumber Tariff of 1922?
It stifled foreign trade.
Define the term "court packing" and discuss the reasons Franklin D. Roosevelt's attempted it.
It was Franklin Roosevelt's plan to add more justices to the U.S. supreme court. Roosevelt's reasons were to obtain favorable rulings regarding New Deal legislation that the court had ruled unconstitutional.
Committee on Public Information
It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.
Nicola Sacco
Italian immigrant who may have been unfairly convicted because of his political views
fears of revolution were so widespread in post war america, US attorney general created a division to gather info lead by
J edger hoover
Name the leading financier in the United States in the early 1900s.
J.P. Morgan
New Woman
Jame Addams was one out of the many women that changed during the 1920s. These new women were independent, educated, liberal, and went against the Victorian standards. They dressed up how they wanted to dress up, especially now that they had created the flappers and wore tons of makeup. One of the signature makeup must haves were red lipsticks. Since they showed their true value after during WWI this led on to the 19th amendment. Women then became a huge part of the consumer economy, as they began buying directed women cigarettes and makeup products.
second deal began in
Jan. 1935
Jane Addams Who
Jane Addams, immigrants
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Jewish American citizens who spied on behalf of he Soviet Union. They were arrested in 1950, and were tried, convicted, and executed by the federal government of the United States. They provided top-secret information about radar, sonar, and jet propulsion engines, and were accused of transmitting valuable nuclear weapon designs. At that time the U.S. was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons.
What Progressive reformers favored U.S. participation in World War 1?
John Dewey, Herbert Croly, and Walter Lippmann
labor leader headed the united states mine workers and supported press roosevelt second new deal
John L. Lewis
Why was it so difficult for the city of San Francisco to turn the Hetch Hetchy valley into a water reservoir?
John Muir and the Sierra Club organized a campaign against the project.
Chautauqua Movement Who
Mark Twain, uneducated adults
Upon becoming president, Wilson appointed as secretary of the navy:
Josephus Daniels
H.L. Mencken
Journalist, editor critic, in 1924 launched the iconoclastic American Mercury Magazine, an instant success with the decade's alienated intellectuals and young people
Sacco-Vanzetti Case
Massachusetts murder case involving two Italian immigrants who were found guilty of the crime and sentenced to death. The case was controversial because the accused were also anarchists and much of the case focused on their radicalism.
D-Day
June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.
Flexible Response
Kennedy won the presidency in 1960. He believed that instability in the third world was the biggest to danger to America, and that Eisenhower's New Look was too aggressive, so he formulated the "Flexible Response" foreign policy plan, which funded money into third world regions. A more flexible foreign policy plan.
A new _______________ was created to fight against a larger target
Ku Klux Klan
KKK
Ku Klux Klan--Against Blacks, Jews, Catholics. Used terror to control them
In the election of 1924,
Labor, farm, and reform groups revived the Progressive party and ran Robert La Follette for president.
"A Farewell to arms"
Lance Hemingway, u.s.a should stay away from war
Morrill Act What
Land grant giving 300,000 acres/congressmen to states to fund colleges of agricultural and mechanical arts.
In what area of the world did Roosevelt establish a pattern of American intervention, one which continued beyond his presidency?
Latin America
As a result of the economic expansion during the great war, ________ moved to _______ in cities like LA or houston
Latinos, barrios
GI Bill of Rights
Law Passed before the 1944 election to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education. The 52-20 clause gave returning veterans $20/week for 52 weeks. Led to more university enrollment among Veterans.
Chinese Exclusion Act What
Law barring Chinese working immigrants from coming to America for 10 years to satisfy racial tensions over job availablility
Selective Service Act
Law that required all men between 21 and 30 (later expanded to 18 through 45) to register with local draft boards
Espionage Act
Law that set fines and prison sentences for a variety of loosely defined antiwar activities
Jim Crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Explain Holding Companies
Layers of having stock in companies that have stock in other companies, till you essentially have stock in all the companies. Kind of a loophole to have a monopoly
Alain Locke
Leader of the "New Negro" movement and editor of The New Negro—an anthology of writings by African Americans, Art could portray all themes
Eugene V. Debs
Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
Vladmir Lenin
Leader of the bolsheviks that formed post-paris peace conference, felt that only world revolution could end colonial oppression, communist
Lippmann, Walter
Leading Progressive, journalist
Dewey, John
Learning through experience The Father of Progressive education Students should be active decision makers Teachers have rights and need autonomy
The Depression actually provoked calls for women to___________ the labor market in order to open up jobs for ____________ men.
Leave, Unemployed
Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette
Led Wisconsin to epitomize progressive as "laboratory of democracy"
Palmer Raids
Led by the U.S. attorney general, this 1920 action had a focus that was on alleged radical centers throughout the country.
J. Edgar Hoover
Led federal raids on radical and labor organizations.
Who created the Red Scare?
Lennon
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Let the government try to raise farm prices by establishing production quotas for major crops and paying farmers not to plant more .
New Deal
Life in the U.S. changed People were willing to try things in a new/different way More looked to the government for assistance FDR elevated the power of the president like no one before
The belief that American freedom should be____________ according to____________and ethnicity was expressed most vividly in the rebirth of the_______________in the early 1920s .
Limited, religion, Ku Klux Klan
Fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Loaned money to failing banks, railroads, and other businesses.
Define "coercive patriotism" and identify some governmental and private examples.
Loaning money to the government was seen as a way of showing one's patriotism while giving financial support for the government's war efforts. People were severely pressured to buy these bonds. One can also say that many immigrants were coerced into giving up their native cultures so as to appear more American.
Ludlow Massacre
Local deputies and state militia attacked a camp of striking miners who had been evicted from company-owned housing at the command of mine owners. Killed 14, including 14 children.
Where was Huey Long a political director?
Louisiana
The Sedition Act
Made it a crime to make spoken or written statements intended to cast "contempt, scorn, or disrepute" on the "form of government" or advocate disruption of the war effort.
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Made it so that meat would be inspected by the government from coral to can. It began a quality rating system as well as increased the sanitation requirements for meat producers.
Tench Warfare
Made necessary by new weaponry, this was the way in which most of World War I's battles were fought.
Marcus Garvey
Magnetic black leader with a riveting message of racial pride
New Immigration Where
Major American cities
Old Immigration Where
Major American cities
Burlingame Treaty where
Major cities
Settlement House Movement Where
Major cities
Panama Canal
Major ship that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. After many years of financing and negotiating problems, construction began in 1906 and in 1914 the first ship sailed through the canal
Who promoted the "Back to Africa" movement, which sought to move black Americans to their ancestral homelands?
Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association
What led to Japan/u.s tensions?
Manchura - China = Pearl Harbor
Zimmerman Telegram
March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.
When did president Herbert Hoover proclaim that the United States had reached a higher degree of comfort and security than had existed before in the history of the world?
March 1929
Louis Brandeis
Marshaled a vast array of social scientific data, known as the Brandeis brief.
The Great Migration
Mass movement of Blacks to Northern cities. Went North to Find: -work and higher wages -education -escape from the threat of violence, and -the vote. Disappointments, including: -limited employment opportunities -exclusion from unions -housing segregation, and -outbreaks of violence.
Keynesian economics
Massive government spending was needed, even at the cost of deficits, to sustain purchasing power and stimulate economic activity during downturns.
Who did Coolidge hire for the Secretary of Treasury?
Mellon
The Depression devastated__________________.
Mexican-Americans
Which group of immigrants did anti-immigration activists condemn in particular in the early 1920s?
Mexicans
The largest group of immigrants entering the United States in the 1920s came from:
Mexico and other Western Hemisphere countries
In the first seventeen years of the twentieth century, the United States intervened with military force in what three places?
Mexico, Nicaragua, and Haiti
National Association of Colored Women (NACW)
Middle-class organization that addressed the needs of black neighborhoods to establish hospitals, orphanages, kindergartens, and day care facilities.
WCTU Where
Midwest and South
Analyze how the New Deal benefits applied to women and minorities.
Minorities: Federal Housing Agency stopped blacks from moving into white neighborhoods and some public works projects refused to hire blacks. -AAA pushed African Americans off their farms because it paid the White landowners not to grow food. When they received this money they dismissed many tenant farmers and workers. Recipients of AAA money were supposed to share with their Black workers but the reality is that this wasn't done. -Social Security left out blacks because it was only those who worked and paid FICA tax into the system would get out of the system. Since many African Americans either worked "off the books" or for cash they never paid in and thus never received Social Security. -Mexican-Americans: immigration restrictions & allowed for deportation of illegal residents to reduce state welfare payment. Women: -Expanded presence of women in federal government - most prominent was Eleanor Roosevelt in the role of First Lady. -Organized feminism disappeared as a political force. -Economy Act prohibited both members of a married couple from holding federal jobs -Most New Deal programs excluded women from benefits. -Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) restricted camps to men. -Ideal of male-headed household powerfully shaped social policy.
Madero, Francisco
Moderate democratic reformer in Mexico; proposed moderate reforms in 1910; arrested by Porfirio Díaz; initiated revolution against Díaz when released from prison; temporarily gained power, but removed and assassinated in 1913.
The Great Depression- why it happened, roles of woman, etc.
More being produced then being consumed, Banks make loans borrowers cannot pay back, Stock market crashed, businesses can't find investors. Harder for woman to find a job, those who did worked in "un-traditional" places such as factories.
Welfare state
More decentralized, spent less, and covered fewer citizens than its counterparts in Europe
How did the international community respond to the Kellogg Briand Pact?
Most nations signed on to the agreement but remained skeptical.
Explain Muckrakers
Muckrakers wrote the genre of writing that inspired the new generation towards progressive reform
NATO/Warsaw Pact
NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization-Alliance formed by democratic Western nations as and attempt to contain communism. Warsaw Pact-Soviets feel threatened and form a communist alliance
The first countrywide network of radio stations was...
NBC.
American Expeditionary Force
Name for the United States military in the United States force in World War I
Fordlandia
Name of plantation in the Amazon basin which sought to industrialize the production of rubber to supply the emerging automobile industry.
In 1908 President Theodore Roosevelt declared the Grand Canyon a...
National Monument.
Urban reformers formed national organizations such as the...
National Municipal League.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton is associated with:
National Woman Suffrage Association
"Lifting as we climb" was the motto of which organization?
National association of colored women
While_________________ born in the U.S. were declared American citizens in 1924, the 1920s saw a fundamental change in______________ policy.
Native Americans, immigration
Describe the conservation policies of Theodore Roosevelt.
Natural resources should be used wisely, not locked away. He focused on non-destructive environmental development.
Potsdam Declaration
Nazi leaders to be tried as war criminals Germany will pay for war reparations Germany will be divided into 4 zones, w/ America, GB, France and Russia each occupying one. Berlin itself will be divided.
Describe New Nationalism versus New Freedom. Who finished 1, 2, 3, and 4th in the election?
New Nationalsim demanded a national approach to current political and social affairs, whereas New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. Wilson came first, Roosevelt second, and Taft third.
The first state to grant woman suffrage east of the Mississippi was
New York
Alfred E. Smith
New York Governor who ran for president in 1928
Selective Service Act
New federal agencies were created to regulate industry, transportation, labor relations, and agriculture.
The Roosevelt Corollary guided President Taft's policies in
Nicaragua
The Roosevelt Corollary guided President Taft's policies in
Nicaragua.
Scottsboro Boys
Nine young black men between the ages of 13 to 19 were accused of of raping two white women by the names of Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. All of the young men were charged and convicted of rape by white juries, despite the weak and contradictory testimonies of the witnesses. Started because of a fight on a train. White men jumped off, black men and 2 white women were arrested. Led to a lynch mob, and white juries sentenced the men to death. The communist party sent a lawyer to help them increase their constituency and become more popular with black people. The case went to the Supreme Court, and the convictions were eventually overturned.
What was the amendment that gave women the right to vote in every state?
Nineteenth amendment gave all women the right to vote.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
One of Herbert Hoover's earliest efforts to protect the nation's farmers following the onset of the Great Depression. Tariff raised rates to an all-time high.
What were the conditions on the Western European Front in World War I?
Occasional offensives broke did little to change the three year stalemate but took a horrendous toll in human life.
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.
Teapot Dome
Oil field on public land in Wyoming. The name is associated with the scandals that rocked the Harding administration after Harding's Interior Secretary was found guilty of leasing government oil reserves to two oilmen in exchange for a $40,000 bribe
Treaty of Versallies
On June 28, 1919 a peace document was signed at the end of WW1 by Allied powers and Germany at Palace of Versailles, France. Allied demanded a compensation by Germany for all the damage done to the civilian population for the aggression of Germany during war Germany were forced to assume full responsibility for causing the war The outcome had many effect to Germany which included: The Saar, German Cornfield, given the right to occupy by France German restricted limits of their future size of army and navy Reperation Payments of 33-55 billion which cause Germany economy depression
B
One high school teacher John Scopes was put on trial for giving a lecture on the theories of? a. Henry Ford b. charles darwin c. franz boas d. Gertrude stein
W.E.B. DuBois
Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.
National Security League
Organization founded in 1914 that preached patriotism and preparation for war; in 1915 they successfully lobbied government officials to set up camps to prepare men for military life and combat. The patriotism of this group became more strident as the war progressed; in 1917 they lobbied Congress to greatly limit immigration into the country. Supported by Teddy
American Liberty League
Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as "economic royalists" in the campaign of 1936,
Chautauqua Movement What
Organization that held nationwide lectures to benefit adults in education, Mark Twain gave lectures
Aside from the pressure suffragists exercised on politics, what else contributed to the passage of the 19th amendment?
Over 1 million women had labored in war industries.
Public Works Administration
PWA built roads, schools, hospitals, and other public facilities.
Discuss Herbert Hoover's response to the Stock Market Crash.
President Hoover's response to the Great Depression had a lot to do with what his advisors said. They told Hoover that economic downturn was a normal part of society, weeding out unproductive firms and encouraging the less fortunate. Hoover said the Government should not support the people with federal aid. He put his faith into businesses and local charitable organizations.
In the 1920s the New York neighborhood of Harlem became a hotbed of which new political movement?
Pan-Africanism
Who invaded New Mexico?
Pancho Villa
D-Day
Part of "Operation Overlord," set to begin in May 1944. D-Day was June 6, 1944. Doesn't really stand for anything; just the name for the allies assault on France. The allies stormed Normandy beach and led an amphibious assault to liberate Paris.
Workingmen Party of California Significance
Partially caused Chinese Exclusion Act, harmed chinese workers
Which of the following problems created the greatest difficulty for the ratification of the Versailles Treaty?
Partisan Politics
Madison Grant
Passing of the Great Race, was known primarily for his work as a eugenicist and conservationist; Scientific racist
During the coal strike of 1902:
President Theodore Roosevelt won support for his use of the "big stick" against corporations
Explain the benefits Direct primary nominations
People start having more control over elections
Why did FDR lose popularity over the civilian conservation corporation?
People started to wonder if he was a "real democrat"
What made World War I the death knell of progressivism?
President Wilson overreached when he boldly expanded federal power and the nation's global role in the war.
Which of the following events probably doomed the treaty's ratification?
President Wilson's stroke
Fourteen Points
President Wilson's summation of the U.S. war aims
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Eighteenth Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
The Espionage Act
Prohibited: -spying -Interfering with the draft, and "false statements" that might impede military success.
The "dry" era following passage of Eighteenth Amendment, which spanned the entire decade of the 1920s, is referred to as _____________________.
Prohibition
Andrew Mellon
Pittsburgh financier and treasury secretary under the Harding administration
What made hitler popular
Played on the share of Germans
Identify both the real and imagined causes and effects of the Red Scare.
Political intolerance inspired by postwar strike wave and social tensions/fear generated by Russian Revolution a mounting fear and anxiety that a Bolshevik revolution in America was imminent—a revolution that would change Church, home, marriage, civility, and the American way of Life.
What inspired Roman Catholic social reformers at the turn-of-the-century in the United States, Europe, and Latin America?
Pope Leo XIII's Rerum novarum
Henry Cabot Lodge
Powerful senator and chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee who worked tirelessly to obstruct the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles
Warren G. Harding
Pres.1921 Laissez-Faire, little regard for government or presidency. "return to normalcy" after Wilson + his progressive ideals. Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over
Warren G. Harding
Pres.1921 laissez-faire, little regard for gov't or presidency. "return to normalcy" after Wilson + his progressive ideals. Office became corrupt: allowed drinking in prohibition, had an affair, surrounded himself w/ cronies (used office for private gain). Ex) Sec. of Interior leased gov't land w/ oil for $500,000 and took money himself. Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over
Truman Doctrine
President Harry Truman's 1947 policy of "containment": being tough on the Soviet Union and containing communism. Truman said that our welfare and peace depended on containment. Also included the Marshall plan / the European recovery program, which was very successful. These policies shaped U.S. foreign policy for years to come. Although members of Truman's inner circle said nuclear technology should be approached cautiously, he didn't listen and decided to stockpile nuclear technology. In 1945 the U.S. successfully tested nuclear bombs, and in 1949 the Soviet Union successfully tested nuclear bombs. The U.S. found out from weather balloons, leading to an Arms Race and the development of hydrogen bombs.
McNary-Haugen Bill
Price-support plan under which the government would annually purchase the surplus of six basic farm commodities at their average price and then sell these surpluses abroad at market prices and recover the difference, if any, through a tax on domestic sales of these commodities
collective bargaining
Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract
Explain the difference between progressives and socialists
Progressives: elites who want complete power to make things better Socialists: starting from the bottom and want to move up to make a difference.
What did the 18th Amendment to the Constitution do?
Prohibit the consumption or manufacturing of alcohol.
FDR - campaigned on neutrality
Promised to not send kids to this war
Trench Warfare- Positives/Negatives
Pros- Sheltered from enemy fire, "safe" place to eat and sleep Cons- Filled with disease, dead bodies and smell of dead bodies
The major forces behind the social gospel movement were:
Protestants and Catholics
Many rural and small-town native-born___________found immigrants and their culture__________and_____________.
Protestants, strange, threatening
National Parks Act of 1916
Provided a federal preservationist counterweight to the conservationist US forest service.
Emergency Banking Act
Provided funds to endangered banks.
Ida Tarbell
Published a massive expose of the company against Standard Oil, beginning in 1902. Depicted it as cutthroat and win at all costs (money hungry).
John Reed
Published sensational accounts about riding with Francisco Villa in Metro Mag.
What resulted from his book?
Pure Food and Drug Acts
Who stated, "most of us in the North do not believe in any real democracy between white and colored men"?
Ray Stannard Baker
Fundamentalism
Religious movement whose members insisted on the Bible's literal truth. The movement was named after The Fundamentals, a series of essays published 1909-1914
Who of the following groups was most likely to support prohibition?
Republicans
On the tariff issue, ________ supported high protective tariffs; on the money question, ________ sought the inflationary consequences of printing greenbacks.
Republicans; farmers and other debtors
Explain Campaign finance disclosure
Required to disclose where their money is coming from (Rockefeller, etc) to show if their being controlled by other companies, etc.
The Treaty of Versailles
Reservationists many republicans after the defeat
Explain what President Wilson meant by "moral imperialism, and identify the measures taken to apply this idea in Latin America.
Respect for Latin American independence, but believed the Unites States had a duty to instruct other nations in democracy, which made for more military intervention in Latin America. One such instance is when marines were sent to Haiti to protect American financial interests.
Moral Imperalism
Respect for Latin American independence, but believed the Unites States had a duty to instruct other nations in democracy; made for more military interventions in Latin America than any president.
What happened during the Teapot Dome Scandal?
Secretary that was in charge of government oil/ land in Wyoming was allowing other oil companies to drill into the land.
Jim Crow laws
Segregation laws that legally separated people according to race.
The originator of the Wisconsin idea of efficient government was:
Robert La Follette
Who was the most famous reform governor who put together the "Wisconsin Idea"?
Robert M. La Follette
New Nationalism
Roosevelt advocated expansive government used for public interest.
As a result of the Brownsville Riot in 1906
Roosevelt discharged the entire regiment of African American soldiers.
Which of the following statements regarding the coal strike of 1902 is NOT true?
Roosevelt once bellowed that "the Constitution is more important than coal!"
New Nationalism
Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice
What triggered the riots in Atlanta in September 1906?
Rumors of a black man's assault of a white woman.
Most deaths in ww2
Russia
What did the Zimmerman Telegram propose to Mexico?
Said that if the US enters the war and Mexico joins and supports Germany and helped them win- they would give Mexico Texas and a few other places
Name the leader of the American Federation of Labor.
Samuel Gompers
Workingmen Party of California Where
San Francisco CA
Teapot Dome Scandal
Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money.
Speakeasies
Secret bars where alcohol could be purchased illegally.
Charles Evans Hughes
Secretary of State under the Harding administration. He served as Governor of New York from 1907-1910
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs
William Taft
Sent Marines to Nicaragua to protect an American-friendly government.
Who was the Zimmerman Telegram from? Who was it meant to be sent to?
Sent from the Germans to the Mexicans
Civilian Conservation Corps
Set unemployed young men to work on projects like forest preservation and the improvement of national parks and wildlife preserves.
Hoovervilles
Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression.
Hoovervilles
Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that thte people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression.
What made Ida B. Wells the target of white violence in 1892 and thereafter?
She publicly revealed the horror of lynch mobs in the South.
Identify the causes, both immediate and long-range, for the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
Short Term: -Assassination of the Austrian-Hungarian Archduke. -The German decision for war. -Confusion about the British position. Long Term: -The rise of Germany -The new German Kaiser -The arms race -The Alliances -Imperialism -Nationalism
Workingmen Party of California What
Shortlived political party founded by Kearney after chinese immigrants worked on railroads while whitemen strked. Pressured Congress to pass laws against chinese immigrants
Tripartite Pact
Signed between the Axis powers in 1940 (Italy, Germany and Japan) where they pledged to help the others in the event of an attack by the US
Cuban Missile Crisis
Since the U.S. was trying to overthrow him, Castro turned to Khrushchev. The soviets sent Cuba missiles, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, in 1962. Kennedy went on television instead of bombing Cuba to try to get rid of the missiles, and Khrushchev finally relented, vowing to remove those missiles. We came super close to nuclear war; the local commander in Cuba had the authority to deploy nuclear missiles if the U.S. bombed them. Afterwards, Kennedy called for a complete reexamination fo the Cold War, and the White House and the Kremlin established a hotline. Eventually, agreed on the test ban treaty, which was beneficial to the U.S. since we had nuclear superiority.
How did women change their strategy to fit the Progressive Era to achieve their ends?
Since women were more "morally sensitive" than men, they would use their votes to help create a better society.
Carry A. Nation
Smashed barrooms with a hatchet, which she called "murder mills."
What does FDR create to keep up with his competition and combat the negative wrap he's getting (in hopes that he will be reelected)?
Social Security Act
What were some of the objectives of social justice reformers in the Progressive Era?
Social justice reformers focused attention on tenement house laws, more strict child labor laws, and better working conditions for women.
Debs, Eugene
Socialist, labor leader. Debs would advocate for better pay and work conditions for railroad workers though the American Railway Union. Later, he would become an advocate for workers across America. His anti-war speeches during WW1 would violate Espionage and sedition act and cause him to serve 6 years in jail
Who was Sinclair?
Socialist, showed how evil capitalism is
What does Pancho Villa do that is considered an act of war?
Stopped a train and killed all the US inside of it, then invades Columbus New mexico
A
Stalin interpreted his Alllies' delay in opening a second front as evidence of their? a. anti-Soviet sentiments b. inadequate manpower c. fear of military defeat d. poor strategic thinking
The most hated company that the progressive era was...
Standard Oil
Ida M. Tarbell is best known for her investigation of:
Standard oil
Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association:
Started black-owned business ventures and called for a return to Africa
Great Depression
Starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting, HH was blamed for it.
George Kennan and Containment
State Department, best way to keep Communism out of Europe -confront the Russians wherever try spread their power.
Morrill Act Where
State Universities
How did courts respond to Southern efforts at disenfranchising African-Americans around the turn-of-the-century?
State and federal courts upheld disfranchisement despite the blatant violation of civil rights.
Roosevelt Corollary
Stated that the U.S. was free to exercise "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere, and do so forcibly when necessary.
Fourteen Points
Stated war aims and providing his vision of a new international order, which included: -self-determination for all nations -freedom of the seas -free trade -open diplomacy, and -the establishment of a "general association of nations" to preserve peace.
Why is "Black Tuesday" considered the starting point of the Great Depression?
Stock market prices fell dramatically.
Lusitania (1915)
Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 American killed. (Pointed to as cause of U.S involvement but that actually happened two years later w/Zimmerman Telegram) Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare.
Patriotism
Support for the government, the war, and the American economic system.
Who did Father Coughlin support initially and who did he begin to gravitate towards?
Supported FDR initially -Drifted towards anti-semitism and Hitler
Morrill Act Significance
Supported economic growth by training farmers and growing industries in mechanical fields
List 3 interesting things about Calvin Coolidge's time in office
Sworn in by father in Vermont, Man of little word, uses radio before JFK
Which of the following was not part of the mass culture craze of the 1920s
TV
"Alphabet" organization of the New Deal: TVA, CCC, WPA, SSA, FDIC
TVA- Tennessee Valley Authority- Dam work, and flood control. CCC- Civilian Conservation Corps- young men; reforestation, conservation projects, park maintenance WPA- Works Progress Administration- Provided work, building bridges, roads, post offices; also assisted artists/writers/etc. SSA- Social Security Act- Pension funds over 65, unemployment insurance, welfare for unemployed FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- insured certain amounts in banks
The issue that provoked an open break between Taft and Roosevelt was
Taft's firing of Pinchot
Technological advances in WWI
Tanks, Poison Gas, Fighter Aircraft, Flamethrowers, Mortars, better naval boats
Discuss the issues over which the Republican Party split during Taft's presidency including the argument over tariffs, the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, which hurt his relationship with T.R., and the 1910 Mann-Elkins Act.
Tariffs, the Dingley Tariff Act that lowered them, and the presence of the Republican Progressive Party. The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair occurred when, after Ballinger (secretary of the interior) put up for sale a million acres of public land that Pinchot had conserved, Pinchot siezed a report that proved Ballinger had helped sell valuable Alaskan coal lands to Morgan and associates. The Mann-Elkins Act gave the ICC power to set rates, stiffened railroad regulations, and placed telephone and telegraph companies under ICC jurisdiction.
Bracero Program
The "hired hand" program. A wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import about 300,000 Mexican laborers into the U.S. temporarily to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947. These Mexican laborers endured harsh treatment in the U.S. There were never enough Braceros, so illegal immigrants started filling in and staying permanently. Eventually, the U.S. just opened the border.
President Calvin Coolidge
The 30th U.S. president, led the nation through most of the Roaring Twenties; supported businesses.
John Scopes
Tennessee highschool teacher who violated a state law by teaching evolution
B
Tensions between the United States and Japan prior to Pearl Harbor resulted from? a. competition between the two for control of Manchuria b. Japan's continuing efforts to occupy and control China c. American missionary efforts to convert the Japanese d. Japan's refusal to become an American trading partner
What was the Brandeis Brief?
The Brandeis brief was the first legal brief in history to rely more upon scientific info and social science than legal citations.
Why did Theodore Roosevelt denounce Columbians as "greedy little anthropoids"?
The Columbian Senate rejected a 99 year lease of the Panama Canal Zone to the United States.
B
The Harlem Renaissance would not have occurred were it not for the> A. chicago defender B. great migration C. universal negro improvement association D. national association for the advancement of colored people
HUAC
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee in the United States House of Representatives which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda. It was created in 1938; the committee's anti-communist investigations are often compared with those of Joseph McCarthy.
John Collier and the IRA
The IRA (Indian Reorganization Act) was the centerpiece of the "Indian New Deal," spearheaded by John Collier. The major goal of the Indian New Deal was to reverse the assimilation of Indians into American society and to strengthen, encourage, and perpetuate the tribes and their historic traditions and culture.
Battle of Midway
The Japanese were tough, fearless, and had great equipment, so the U.S. felt vulnerable. So, the U.S. planned a counter-offensive called the Battle of Midway. This was a decisive victory by the allies, and a turning point in the war of the Pacific.
The title of the novel that described the terrible conditions of the meat-packing industry was:
The Jungle
What book did Sinclair write?
The Jungle
What group supported Marcus Garvey
The KKK
Explain who supported restricting immigration in the 1920s and why they did so.
The KKK supported immigration restriction, and they were backed by the Republican party, who held the Presidency and a conservative Congress, making it easier to pass anti-immigration laws.
Korean Conflict
The Korean War was fought from 1950 to 1953. After World War 2, Korea split into two countries - the North and the South. The North was supported by USSR and later the People's Republic of China while the South was supported by the U.S. and a small United Nations force. The war ended in stalemate, with Korea still divided into North and South. Eisenhower negotiated the ceasefire.
What were the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram and how did they push the U.S. into war?
The Lusitania was a British Passenger Ship, sunk by german U boats. The Zimmerman Telegram was a message between Mexico and Germany that proposed a military alliance. These pushed the U.S. into war because we are allied with the British and it was an attack against civilians, and the Zimmerman telegram pushed us to war because it showed how Germany wanted to attack the U.S
Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand
The Man who was responsible for killing the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, member of terrorist group supported by Serbia, which was supported by Russia
Navajo Uranium Mining
The Navajo had Uranium resources on their reservations. Tribal governments encouraged the exploitation of natural resources in order to make money. However, uranium mining was super dangerous, and Navajo men worked in hazardous conditions. Workers were never warned, even though the government knew dangers. Led to the "radiation exposure compensation act," which provides "compassionate compensation." Now, there are at least 1000 abandoned uranium mines in Navajo territory.
Name the organization which led the fight for equal rights and education.
The Niagara Movement (or the NAACP not sure)
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A mutual defense pact made in 1949. Truman hoped that military ties would lead to economic ties.
Bay of Pigs
The Pentagon and the CIA stepped up efforts to train paramilitary forces. In 1960, Eisenhower placed an embargo on Cuba. Eisenhower and Kennedy planned to empower Cuban exiles to invade Cuba, leading to the Bay of Pigs in 1961. If anything, the BAy of Pigs made Castro more popular. It was called the "least covert operation in history." This set the stage for the Cuban missile crisis. The C.I.A. would try to assassinate Castro 8 times.
D
The Sacco and Vanzetti case, like the case of Charles Schenck and Jacob Abrams, demonstrated a predisposition among native-born americans to see immigrants as? a. proponents of free speech and civil liberties b. responsible for spreading the influenza epidemic c. to blame for America's moral decline d. a threat to the safety and security of the American people
Why did the Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
The Senate opposed a collective approach to foreign policy.
What was the outcome of the federal case against Standard Oil?
The Supreme Court upheld the government's case against the company, but Standard continued to thrive.
What was the worst Harding scandal?
The Teapot Dome Scandal
What was the most controversial program started during WW1?
The Tennessee Valley Authority
What treaty ended WW1?
The Treaty if Versailles
Identify the assumptions underlying of the Roosevelt Corollary and explain how it effected American relations with Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
The U.S. changed from just intervening when necessary in the Western Hemisphere to allowing international police power; US has right to exercise military force when deemed necessary. The U.S. threatened Europe to stay out of Latin American, which could have led to some bad relations with European countries.
Which of the following events took place in order to secure the U.S. the right to construct what became known as the Panama Canal?
The U.S. government was complicit in the organization and financing of a Panamanian revolt in order to circumvent the demands of the Colombian government.
What is the best explanation of "free silver"?
The U.S. government would promote prosperity by inflating the money supply through minting all the silver offered to it.
Know the Underwood Tariff Act (what did it do?), the Federal Reserve Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Trade Commission. (Tariff, banking and antitrust laws were at the heart of the Wilson program.)
The Underwood Tariff Act lowered tariffs about 15% and removed duties from sugar, wool, and more. The Federal Reserve Act established the country's second ever efficient banking system to provide a sound yet flexible currency. The Clayton Antitrust Act outlawed interlocking companies called directorates, made corporate officers responsible for antitrust violations, and declared that unions were not conspiracies that restricted trade. The Federal Trade Commission demanded special and annual reports, could investigate complaints, and order corporate compliance.
Explain the role of the United States in the global economy by 1920.
The United States was the leading industrial power; made more than a third of the world's manufactured goods.
Double V Campaign
The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad." Black soldiers fighting in World War 2 led to more confidence in fighting prejudice; the Double V campaign was a call for universal equality.
Jones Act (1916)
The act that granted the Phillipines territorial status and promised independence as soon as stable government was achieved, gave congress pride that the U.S. was "different" from other imperialist nations
B
The architect of a proposed march on Washington to protect racial discrimination in 1941 was? a. Fred Korematsu b. A. Phillip Randolph c. Ignacio Lutero Lopez d. Bayard Rustin
Henry Ford's business model
The assembly line Higher pay for line workers Better pay = happier workers=more buying power Ford-ism becomes a thing
Which product changed American society the most during the 1920s?
The automobile
Hundred Days
The banking acts were the first of a series of laws in the first three months of FDR's administration.
How did the Texas city of Galveston respond to the devastating hurricane of 1900?
The city replaced its government with a special commission of expert managers who took charge of various city departments.
What was Theodore Roosevelt's "bully pulpit"?
The concept that the presidency was just a forum of ideas and leadership for the nation, and that the office's purpose was primarily to serve the people.
Sixteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.
Nineteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.
D
The decision by Great Britain and France to sign the Munich Accord with German was considered an act of? a. neutrality b. isolationism c. internationalism d. appeasement
J. Edgar Hoover
The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigated and harassed alleged radicals.
Great Depression
The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930's
C
The fact that, by 1929, Americans bought 60 percent of their cars and 80 percent of radios on the installment plan was evidence that? A. corporate profits had peaked B. only the wealthy could enjoy the new technologies C. the nation's economic growth was dependent on mass consumption D. wages and incomes were declining
What was the purity crusade?
The fight against alcoholism. The purity crusade included the period of prohibition, and employees were even fired before that if employers came to the worker's houses to find them drunk.
During World War I, how did the United States deal with "hyphenated Americans" whose loyalty was in doubt?
The government launched a massive propaganda campaign.
Summarize the ways in which the government promoted business interests in the 1920s.
The government lowered income tax and increased tariffs. They also raised taxes on foreign goods which promoted U.S. business.
How did the distribution of income change in the United States during the 1920s?
The income of the wealthiest 1% doubled.
What is the best description of the incident known as the Teapot Dome scandal that took lace during the Harding administration?
The interior secretary received bribes in exchange for leasing government oil reserves.
D
The lack of urgency with which the United States responded to Jewish refugee can be attributed to? a. ignorance of the concentration camps b. fear of overburdening the economy c. lack of support from the other Allies d. anti-Semitism within the government
Dust Bowl
The most severe drought in the nation's history caused soil that had deteriorated from modern farming methods to simply blow away in the wind.
Great Migration
The movement of nearly half a million black people from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
League of Nations
The organization that would implement the Fourteen Points
What event in March 1917 created more favorable conditions for the American entry into World War I?
The overthrow of the repressive czarist regime in Russia
Selective Service Act
The passage of this created a national draft to provide the men needed to fight World War I.
The world created at the Columbian Exposition was indeed illusory; in fact, events in America at that time revealed which of the following to be true?
The political system in America was ill-equipped to cope with the economic and social revolutions that were reshaping the country.
McCarthyism
The practice of making accusations of subversion and treason without proper regard for evidence. The term refers to Joseph McCarthy, and has its origins in the Red Scare, lasting from the late 1940s through the 1950s. In February 1950, senator McCarthy presented an alleged list of members of the Communist Party working in the State Department, which attracted press attention. Hundreds of Americans were accused of being communists or communist sympathizers. They became the subject of aggressive investigations and questioning before government or private industry panels, committees, and agencies.
Which of the following harmed the prospects for ratification?
The president's refusal to compromise
Explain why the protection of civil liberties gained importance in the 1920s.
The protection of civil liberties became important as the loss of freedom of speech became common. People lost their freedom of speech when they did any act that was anti-government or critical towards America at all. Louis Brandeis spoke out a lot and said that fighting in the war was fighting for freedom. However, as freedom of speech was taken away, then that really is not freedom.
The Effect of the War on Race Relation
The return Black soldiers and factory workers African American bitterness
What did Clifford K. Berryman's cartoon "Juggernaut" of the Teapot Dome scandal in the Washington Evening Star imply?
The scandal was bound to implicate the White House itself.
Where were Huey Long's ideas most popular?
The south
Black Tuesday
The stock market crashed; a panic ensued, and in five hours $10 billion in market value disappeared.
Eugenics
The study of the alleged mental traits of different races - offered scientific legitimacy to the new nativism.
Harlem New York
The unofficial capital of African American culture and activism in the U.S.
Describe the women's suffrage movement. When did it start?
The women's suffrage movement started in 1890, and was based around the legalization of women voting in every US state.
What undermined the credibility of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?
Their leader was found guilty of sexual assault and fraud.
Monroe Doctrine
These presidents' initial interventions occurred in the Western Hemisphere, which the United States had made its sphere to oversee in the _____________ of 1823. -Doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization.
What was FDR scared would happen if Huey Long ran for president?
They Huey would win and FDR would lose
How did Southern white progressives excuse the practice of black disfranchisement?
They claimed that these reforms would reduce fraud.
What did the "Wobblies" think of AFL leader Samuel Gompers?
They considered him a class collaborator.
How did progressives view political developments abroad?
They eagerly sought advice from reformers around the world.
What did the US do in response to the Zimmerman Telegram?
They entered the war
During the 1920s , what problem did Mexican immigrants share with other immigrant communities of the past and since?
They faced divisions between those born in the US and those born in Mexico.
Why did the British lectures of Ida B Wells prompt Memphis city leaders to condemn lynching?
They feared damage to their cotton exports to Britain.
Why did progressives push for a separate juvenile court system?
They feared that youthful offenders suffered the same harsh punishments as adults.
Why did Pullman railway porters organize the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925?
They had become frustrated with exclusion from white unions.
Why did many American writers and artists flee to France in the 1920s?
They hoped to live a more authentic existence there.
Why did African Americans continue their massive migration from the southern countryside into northern cities during the 1920s?
They needed to escape the horrific conditions of Jim Crow.
How did the National Consumers' League try to improve the lives of workers?
They used the clout of buying power to effect change.
Why were Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop so interested in the "Social Economics Exhibit" at the international world's fair in Paris in 1900?
They wanted to see how other nations approached workers' housing.
Why did American tourists begin to flock to Cuba in the 1920s?
They were patronizing casinos and brothels there.
How were the 1919 race riots different from previous examples of racial violence in the United States?
They were the first riots in which large numbers of blacks fought back against white violence
Why did so few city governments respond to the solutions proposed by the National Housing Association?
They were unwilling to invest tax money for public housing.
Why did traditionally minded critics disapprove of open access to radio airwaves?
They worried that open access might foster immorality.
Calvin Coolidge
Thirtieth president of the United States. He succeeded to office upon the death of President Harding
Herbert Hoover
Thirty-first president of the United States, serving in office from 1929-1933
Emergency Immigration Act of 1921
This law restricted immigration to 3% of each nationality that was in the United States in 1910.
Espionage Act
This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.
Langston Hughes
This man was well known for making the Harlem Renaissance famous because of his poems. (I-too)
Roosevelt Corollary
This stated that the U.S. had the right not only to oppose European intervention in the Western Hemisphere but also to intervene in the domestic affairs of its neighbors should they be unable to maintain order and sovereignty.
The Fourteen Point
This was President Wilson's list of the principles for which he believed the nation was fighting.
National Security League
This was the name of the group created by Wilson in order to push for a bigger army and navy and also a system of universal military training.
Dollar Diplomacy
This was what critics called the Taft administration's work to aggressively extend American investments into less-developed regions
What made the election of 1912 the pinnacle of the progressive era?
Three progressive candidates vied for the presidency.
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
To counteract antiwar sentiment, Wilson created the_________________________________ to run a campaign to build support for the war. The_______ enlisted academics, journalists, artists, and advertisers to flood the nation with pro-war propaganda ranging from posters to movies.
Why did Stalin sign the non-aggression pact with hitler?
To keep Russia from being invaded
National Recovery Administration
To set industry codes with groups of business leaders that would be guidelines for output, prices, and working conditions.
What caused this to happen?
Too much money being in circulation, but not enough consumption happening from those companies
Scopes Trial
Trial that took place after a teacher summarized Darwin's theory of evolution to his class, violating Tennessee's law barred the teaching of evolution in the state's public schools. The teacher was found guilty, though the decision was later reversed on a technicality
Burlingame Treaty What
Treaty with China encouraging Chinese immigration when cheap labor was needed for railroad construction
T or F: FDR's attempts to gain back popularity were successful
True
True or false: African American soldiers were not permitted in combat roles.
True
True or false: Government initiatives to secure the rights and earnings of workers made unions less import was NOT a reason for the decline in union membership over the course of the 1920s.
True
How can the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan be considered part of the containment policy?
Truman Doctrine showed no support against communism while the Marshall Plan, aided and exposed the suffrage of communism.
What was "pragmatism" per William James? How did this impact education reform? The view of the law?
Truth should work for the individual, and it worked best not in abstraction, but action. John Dewey applied pragmatism to educational reform. In doing so, he founded a school of pedagogy at the University of Chicago with a lab in which educational theory based on new studies could be practiced. He encourage children to think creatively and emphasize personal growth and free inquiry. Pragmatism impacted the view of the law as well, with the belief that law was a reflection of the environment and was an instrument for social change.
Warren G. Harding
Twenty-ninth president of the U.S. serving in office from 1921 to 1923. He died while in office.
John J. Pershing
U.S. General who led a 1916 expedition against Pancho Villa in Mexico
What organization was committed to economic solidarity, self-sufficiency, and racial segregation and was headed by a Jamaican-born activist based in Harlem?
UNIA
John Pershing
US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him
Dominican Republic, Cuba
US invaded the ______________________(1904) to ensure that its customs houses repaid debts to European and American investors. Roosevelt sent troops to _______(1906) to ensure stability after a disputed election; they stayed until 1909.
U.S. foreign policy toward Europe during the 1920s was characterized by:
Unilateralism, except for a willingness to enter into a treaty to curtail a naval arms race.
most Americans had shifted from being informed citizens to private consumers who were _____________ in the affairs of __________________.
Uninterested, government
Bartolomeo Vanzetti
United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1888-1927)
Charles Lindbergh
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
Aimee Semple McPherson
United States evangelist (born in Canada) noted for her extravagant religious services (1890-1944)
John Muir
United States naturalist (born in England) who advocated the creation of national parks (1838-1914)
Sinclair Lewis
United States novelist who satirized middle-class America in his novel Main Street (1885-1951). First American to win a Nobel Prize in literature
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
United States troops in World War I; including draftees, volunteers, and the National Guard.
In the case of Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court:
Upheld convictions under the Espionage Act on the grounds that free speech could be curtailed when it presented a "clear and present danger" to the country
Name the author of The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
Who was the author of the influential novel The Jungle?
Upton Sinclair
Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon was a believer in the "trickle down" theory of economics. In keeping with that theory he:
Urged Congress to lower federal income taxes for the rich
Identify a popular form of entertainment that drew from immigrant experience.
Vaudeville (skits, songs, comics, acrobats and musicians)
Florence Kelley
Veteran of Hull House that formed the Committee of Congestion of Population in New York.
The war hastened the approval of two constitutional amendments. These provided for:
Votes for women and prohibition
Who was responsible for largely eradicating yellow fever from Panama?
Walter reed
Which board was an important part of WW1 Mobilization that organized jobs?
War Labor Board
George Creel and the Committee on Public Information
Wartime propaganda agency Publicized the govt. version of events/discredited those who questioned Wrote "news" with no sources Played on fears of German threat
Committee on Public Information
Wartime propaganda agency, headed by journalist George Creel. While claiming merely to combat rumors with facts, the Creel committee in reality publicized the government's version of events and discredited all who questioned that version
Explain how World War I and the rhetoric of freedom shaped both the labor movement and the expectations of workers. Identify some of the consequences of these expectations.
Wartime rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice.
What happened to Marcus Garvey and what feeling did he leave behind?
Was deported, led both black and whites to be nervous
In 1920, the percentage of women in the American paid labor force:
Was slightly lower than it had been in 1910
William D. "Big Bill" Haywood
Was the leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.
What was Wilson's background?
Was the son of a Presbyterian minister and had a career in public service. He was a professor of political economy and jurisprudence at Princeton. Later, Wilson was the governor of New Jersey.
When Americans entered World War I in 1917, their military:
Was woefully unprepared
The author of Working People and their Employers was:
Washington Gladden
What was not a popular types of entertainment in the 1920s?
Watching television
What was the Lend-Lease Act?
Way to get around the neutrality act / German response? sinking our boats
C
What did Clifford K. Berryman's cartoon "Juggernaut" of the Teapot Dome scandal in the Washington Evening Star imply? a. hardings cabinet was a mockery of his presidency b. secretary of the navy edward derby was innocent of the charges c. the scandal was bound to implicate the white house itself d. secretary of the interior albert fail was maneuvering the crisis deftly
B
What ended the wild speculation in Florida real estate during the late 1920s? A. rising gasoline prices B. bad weather C. lack of amenities for tourists D. rising land prices
In order to generate this source of power, increasingly necessary to run the vast array of new products sold in the 1920s, the extraction of coal became paramount
What is electricity?
When was this program supposed to end?
When the war ended
Internment Camps
Where Japanese Americans were placed after Pearl Harbor attack because of fear of spies or attacks.
D
Which law authorized the president to reorganize federal agencies any way he thought necessary? a. Neutrality Acts b. Fair Employment Practices Act c. Lend-Lease Act d. War Powers Act
D
Which nation suffered the greatest number of casualties as a result of WW2? a. France b. Germany c. Great Britain d. Soviet Union
Lebensraum
Who: Hitler What: Wanted to grow Germany. Ideological principle of Nazism and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe. When: Following Hitler's Rise to Power Where: Germany/ East-Central Europe Sequence: Historical Sign.: This led to the Nazi - Soviet Pact which was signed in august 1939, supposedly guaranteed 10 years of peace between the two countries although Hitler knew that this would not be the case. Allowed Nazis to invade Poland and 'split' between Soviet union and Germany.
The Red Scare
Which was inflamed by the postwar strike wave and social tensions and fears caused by the Russian Revolution. -Successfully destroyed radical groups such as the IWW and the Socialist Party.
How did the white cultural establishment respond to the Harlem Renaissance?
White publishers began to court black writers and Broadway produced black shows.
Ku Klux Klan
White supremacy movement that demonized only African-Americans but also Catholics, Jews, and aliens. Some Klan groups targeted whites suspected of sexual immorality or prohibition-law violation and some Klan groups employed threats, beatings, and lynchings
Black Tuesday
Who: American stock market What: The American market collapsed signalling the start of the great depression When: October 29, 1929 Where: America Sequence: Historical Significance: This day caused America to lose confidence in their economy. This acted as a catalyst for the great depression.
Blitzkrieg
Who: Germany What: a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. When: During WWII Where: Throughout WWII Sequence:Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human lives and limits the expenditure of artillery. German forces tried out the blitzkrieg in Poland in 1939 before successfully employing the tactic with invasions of Belgium, the Netherlands and France in 1940. The blitzkrieg was also used by German commander Erwin Rommel during the North African campaign of World War II, and adopted by U.S. General George Patton for his army's European operations. Historical Significance:
Stalingrad
Who: Germany and Russia What: Was the successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the U.S.S.R. during World War II. Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict. When: July 17, 1942-Feb. 2, 1943 Where: city of Stalingrad Sequence: Germany pushed into Russia too far and the supply line got long so Russia had the advantage when they got to Stalingrad and won the battle. Historical Significance: It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies. The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the bloodiest battles in history, with combined military and civilian casualties of nearly 2 million.
Korematsu Case
Who: Korematsu What: Brought his case to the supreme court for a fair trail of an unjust arrest When: 1944 Where: San Leandro, CA Sequence: During World War II, Presidential Executive Order 9066 and congressional statutes gave the military authority to exclude citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas deemed critical to national defense and potentially vulnerable to espionage. Korematsu remained in San Leandro, California and violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the U.S. Army. He was then arrested. Korematsu asked to have a trail to see if his arrest was constitutional. The supreme court ruled in a 6:3 favor of his arrest being constitutional. Historical Significance: The case affirmed the idea that in times of war the needs of the military must be met. Therefore giving the military an immense amount of power in such cases. This was also significant because it allowed the United States to be able to forcibly make a group leave an area based on their race
Spanish American War
Who: President McKinely . Led by Admiral Dewey America/ Spanish, Americans, Cubans What: war against spain, push against cuba was 3 fold, attack of santiago de cuba./ Spanish vs Americans over the control of Cuba's independence When: 1898 Where: Cuba, Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico Sequence: Historical Significance: U.S gained control of Guam, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines when they signed the Treaty of Paris after.
Japanese Internment Camps
Who: The U.S. Government What: Sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps because they were scared that they were spies and were committing espionage in America giving the Japanese knowledge. When: 1942-1945 Where: Mainly on the west coast Sequence: After Pearl Harbor the U.S. was scared that there were more Japanese spies in America. FDR made executive order 9066 to prevent espionage on the coast. Historical Significance: Let the laws that are unconstitutional be made because they were in a time of war.
New Nationalism
Who: Theodore Roosevelt When: 1912 Where: Progressive party platform of New Nationalism demanded the establishment of a strong, regulatory welfare state capable of preventing corporate abuses and guaranteeing the economic and social rights of individuals, including women Why: contained demands for an eight hour workday, a "living wage" for workers, national labor legislation, and national healthcare. In many ways, it prefigured the later New Deal policies.
The Bomb
Who: United States What: Dropped 3 atomic bombs one for experimentation, one on Hiroshima and one on Nagasaki. When: Aug 6, 1945 and Aug 9, 1945 Where: New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki Sequence: All bombs were created differently one was tested in New Mexico after a success they gave orders to drop on Hiroshima to make Japan surrender. Three days passed and Japan still didn't surrender, so they dropped another bomb on Nagasaki and it forced the Japanese to surrender. Historical Significance: This ended WWII and caused nations to stop dropping atomic bombs during war time because of the effects of the radiation.
a
Why did Marcus Garvey acquire the Black Starline Steamship company? A. he wanted to aid in the migration of African Americans back to Africa and West Indies B. he wanted to create a black owned business engaged in the import of African raw materials C. he wanted white tourists to travel to the West Indies and Africa D. he wanted to ship coffee and other colonial goods from Latin America to the United States
Name the labor leader who advocated social revolution.
William D. "Big Bill" Haywood
Of the following, who eventually became chief justice of the Supreme Court?
William Howard Taft
Who represented the fundamentalist cause during the Scopes Trial of 1925?
William Jennings Bryan
What two major groups begin getting involved in the work force during WW1?
Women and blacks
In which of the following ways did home-front mobilization transform women's lives during World War I?
Women entered the paid workforce in unprecedented numbers.
WCTU:
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Who was not on board with this plan?
Wilson
_______ sent troops after Pancho Villa
Wilson
League of Nations
Wilson believed that this organization - which became the ___________________ would act like the kinds of commissions Progressives had established in America for ensuring social harmony and protecting the weak.
Describe Wilson's record on race.
Wilson had initially appealed to many black voters, but unfortunately he stood against the creation of a National Race Commission, did not dissent against a proposal to segregate blacks in federal services, and suggested that segregation benefited African Americans.
Adamson Act of 1916
Wilson pushed passage of this act that mandated an eight hour workday and time and a half for overtime. Although directed at a single industry, railroads, the law was a significant victory for workers and a clear statement of the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
New Freedom
Wilson rejected a distinction between good and bad trusts and attacked all bigness whether in government or business.
What did Wilson feel about labor?
Wilson was sympathetic to the workers, enacting laws that forced railroad companies to give workers only eight hour days.
What was the WCTU?
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.
Which state came to epitomize progressive state politics?
Wisconsin
The US in the Great War
Within weeks World War I marked the first time From the time US troops
Catt, Carrie Chapman
Women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the 19th Amendment; was president of NAWSA and founded the League of Women Voters.
The Federal Reserve
Woodrow Willson proposed the Federal Reserve in 1913 and did not pass until 1916 in Washington DC . This system was established in which the government would have access or control over the interest rates and managed back. By doing this it would stabilize the economy and prevent panic from uneven distribution of wealth. At the end of it, the outcome was a success, it did stabilize the economy, it did limit the influence in big businesses to handover the economy, it did take off the US gold standard.
Prohibition
Woodrow Willson, religious leaders, groups, and immigrants were all a factor to this prohibition. During January 1920, the banning of alcohol became the 18th amendment. They banned it due to the amount of abuse that was going on in the household by the husbands while they were drunk. The religious leaders found this as the evil that Satan brought humans, women saw it as a waste of money and fear factor, and Woodrow Willson saw it as an evil doer, abusive substance, and a waste of money. So with all these people saying how bad it was they took if off the shelves. Once that passed, organized crime emerged and saw this an opportunity for easy, illigal money.
Under which president was racial segregation introduced to federal government offices and agencies?
Woodrow Wilson
Identify the candidates, parties and results of the presidential election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson for the democrats and Roosevelt for the Progressives. Wilson succeeded in the 1912 presidential election.
New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
The threat of Dominican bankruptcy in 1904 motivated President Theodore Roosevelt to
claim the right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Triangle fire
Worst industrial accident in the nation's history (146 of 500 employees died at Triangle Shirtwaist company)
Grant, Madison
Wrote "The passing of the Great Race." about how white America would be swamped by immigrants
The first place in the United States to extend equal voting rights to women was:
Wyoming territory
Significance of the Yalta/Potsdam Conferences
Yalta- FDR, Churchill, Stalin- UN Potsdam- Truman, Churchill, Stalin- Nazis tried as war criminals, Germany will pay, Germany/Berlin divided by 4 zones, USA, GB, FR, USSR
- Eugene V. Debbs
Young union leader who lost presidency 4 times. Socialist. 1893 Leader of American Railway Union . He called for nationwide sympathy strike to help Pullman's workers because he wanted name face recognition. He got jailed.
Flappers
Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion.
What countries emerged form World war I as an independent nation?
Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
Which one of the following was NOT an important reason for American expansion in the 1890s?
a belief in the basic equality of all people and races
What did this program create in Tennessee?
a dam to use for power for the War
As president, Calvin Coolidge pursued
a determined path to not be an activist president
Theodore Roosevelt's close friend Gifford Pinchot was:
a forestry expert and leading conservationist
Republican president Warren G Harding is best described as...
a friendly and handsome man.
Scopes Trial
a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school
The new technologies of radio and the movies helped fortify people's ideas of the United States as...
a huge and rich land.
Contrary to his party's tradition, President Taft called for
a lower tariff
As the chair of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, Marcus Garvey went so far as to create...
a national anthem.
Woodrow Wilson was
a professor and college president
Explain fundamentalism
a return to the original idea
Which of the following was a primary method of financing the American war effort during World War I?
a substantial increase in income taxes
The Sacco and Vanzetti case, like the cases of Charles Schenck and Jacob Abrams, demonstrated a predisposition among native-born Americans to see immigrants as
a threat to the safety and security of the American people.
What resulted from the red scare?
a worldwide communist revolution
W.E.B. Du Bois helped found the National Association for the advancement of Colored People in 1909 to...
advanced the cause of civil rights.
Where did they committee on public information use symbolism?
advertising, etc.
What did fundamentalists advocate for in regards to the bible?
advocated for a literal interpretation of the bible
which following groups had the highest rate of joblessness in the early years of the great depression
african americans
the use of the airplane as a device to deliver mail did not become popular until
after WWI
During the Progressive Era, the U.S. Supreme Court
agreed to a ten-hour workday for men and women
Pres Roosevelt faced four major challenges when he first took office they included all of the following expect
aiding european government abroad
Intiative and Referendum and recall
allowed voters to enact laws directly., Progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves. If a designated number of voters petitioned to have a measure put on the ballot (initiative) the electorate could then vote it up or down (the referendum). Recall-corrupt or incompetent public officials could be removed from office by a public petition and vote. Oregon was first state to adopt all 3 and within a decade nearly 20 states had adopted the I and R and nearly a dozen adopted recall.(944)
Disenfranchisement of African Americans
also targeted poor whites who might break party ranks
one way that american socialists differed from euro socialists was that
american socialist did not advocate for government ownership of businesses
Sedition Acts of 1918
an Act of the United States Congress that extended the Esponage Act of 1917 to cover a broader range of offenses, notably speech and the expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light or interfered with the sale of government bonds.
Clara Bow
an American actress who rose to stardom in the silent film era of the 1920s; her acting artistry and high spirits made her the premier flapper; leading sex symbol of the roaring twenties
William McKinley is notable as
an active chief executive who re-energized the executive branch of government
What did Henry Ford start using in 1914?
an assembly line
by the end of 1936, the supreme court had proven itself _______ of roosevelt new deal
an enemy
Wilsons fourteen points for post great war peace contained all of the following expect
an increase of armaments
By 1928, prohibition had become...
an intensely partisan issue.
Zimmerman Telegram
an internal diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office early in 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. Was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence.
League of Nations
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
President McKinley's imperialist agenda was signaled by his declaration of war on Spain and
annexation of the Hawaiian islands.
The Ku Klux Klan of the reconstruction era resurfaced in the 1920s with a message that was decidedly...
anti-immigrant.
Eleanor Roosevelt's influence on her husband was apparent in his decision to
appoint Frances Perkins to head the Department of Labor.
Hoover, J. Edgar
appointed to lead justice dept. intelligence division
after the armory show _______ became one of the nations favorites topic of debate
art
The early radios of the 1920s were sold as...
assembly kits.
henry Ford revolutionized the industrial process by perfecting
assembly line
The most immediate effect of American intervention in the war occurred
at sea
H. L. Mencken
attacked patriotism, prohibition, and other timely topics in his monthly magazine "The American Mercury"
Identify the best example of a mass-produced consumer product in the early 1900s.
automobiles
Where did he believe all blacks should go?
back to Africa
The goal of the Anti-Saloon League was to...
ban drinking nationwide.
Which product advertisement did American radio stations most likely not broadcast in the 1920s?
beer
Why must Americans support dropping bomb on Japan
behind the ground invasion would take more lives
How did they use repetition to their advantage?
believe that you believe things you hear the most often: flood the community with positive English information and negative German info
What was the reasoning for eugenics
believed that this was the opportunity to make the child as unlike their parents as possible.
during the great depression all of the following increased in frequency except
birth rate
What was the demographic shift known as the "Great Migration" that occurred in the United States during World War I?
blacks moved out of the rural South and into industrial cities across the nation
What prompted former president Theodore Roosevelt to run again as a third-party candidate in 1912?
blunders of the Taft administration
Wall Street Bombing (1920)
bombing in 1920 in front of offices of J.P Morgan. Deadliest terror incident in U.S. until OK bombing of 1995
In the case against the Northern Securities Company, Theodore Roosevelt sought to
break up a major railroad company.
The election of 1912 did all of the following EXCEPT 1) alter the character of the Republican party, making it more conservative 2)signal the return of southerners to national and international affairs for the first time since the Civil War 3) bring the same man to the White House in nonconsecutive terms 4) offer a high-water mark for progressivism 5) gain effective national power for Democrats for the first time in over half a century
bring the same man to the White House in nonconsecutive terms
The election of 1912 did all of the following EXCEPT:
bring the same man to the White House in nonconsecutive terms
When press harding died he was replaced
calvin Coolidge
Nella Larsen
carried the Harlem Renaissance overseas, deeply influenced by the city's innovative spirit and racial tolerance.
Which of the following approaches helped the United States mobilize its economy for war?
centralized planning
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation
The first modern governmental reform law, the Pendleton Act of 1883 enacted in response to the assassination of President Garfield, provided for
civil service merit standards and procedures for government jobs.
What doe we force germany to do?
claim fault for the war and pay for damages
One result of Roosevelt's efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court was the
congressional rejection of the president's proposal
Booker T. Washington rose to national prominence as a leader of the African-American community by advocating...
economic development.
Progressive reforms focused on preventing
economic stratification and class conflict.
In the years surrounding 1890, an innovative program of self-help spearheaded by the Southern Alliance movement flourished, though on the whole the effort, known as "_______," failed.
cooperatives
Teapot Dome scandal
corruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands
The sale of which consumer good exploded in the 1920s?
cosmetics
Progressive reformers attempted to control the behavior of young unmarried women by
criminalizing their visits to dancehalls and saloons.
What was Huey Long famous for?
cutting deals with oil companies, and allowing them to do whatever the wanted -Corruption basically
which statement regarding economist interpretation of the cause of the great depression is most accurate
economists debate the various factors
What helped drive the consumer culture of the 1920s
effective marketing
Many Americans were able to justify joining the race for empire for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they believed themselves responsible for
defending other people against European imperialism.
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act attempted to regulate trusts by
defining unfair competition.
In 1906, Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle motivated Americans to
demand that the government inspect meat before it was sold to consumers.
according to your textbook what was the initial response of the hoover admin to the great depression
denied the problem
Coxey's Army
descended on Washington to demand a program to employ the jobless
Why were millions of people around the world unemployed and hungry around the turn-of-the-century?
economic depression
which of the following was not part of the good government movement
ending segregated schools
The Adamson Act of 1916:
established the eight-hour day for railroad workers
What results from the War industries board?
everyone is sharing technology and everyone is max. productive
What did Fundamentalists believe shouldn't be taught in schools?
evolution
Passed in 1906, the Hepburn Act
expanded the interstate Commerce Commission's power over railroad rates
The muckrakers saw their primary objective as:
exposing social problems to the public
Strident nationalism
extreme emphasis on national/ethnic identity
During his first term as president, Wilson did all of the following EXCEPT:
fail to reorganize the banking system
Critics mocked the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, Marcus Garvey, for his...
grandiose plans and Napoleonic attire.
in the election of 1916, republications used the slogan "he kept us out of war" to discredit wilson
false
the CCC addressed the problem of overcharging by doctors
false
the biggest scandal under Hoover was the teapot dome
false
the zimmerman telegram sent to the mexican government from the white house, intercepted by germany
false
warren G harding was assassinated by Charles guiteau
false
which of the following did not benefit from post WWI economic boom
farmers
which of the following was not a big business that attracted cheap laborers to their factories
farming
RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)
federal agency set up by Congress in 1932 to provide emergency government credit to banks, railroads, and other large businesses
Minority veterans who returned after war
feeling more united
Espionage Act and Sedition Act
fines and imprisonment for aiding the enemy or hindering U.S. military; forbade any form of criticism of the government and military
Triangle Fire
fire in 1911 at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City that killed nearly 150 workers
What did Charles Lindbergh accomplish in 1927?
first nonstop long flight from NY-Paris
During the 1920s, women who wore short skirts and makeup and enjoyed smoking, drinking, and dancing were called
flappers.
How were they "maintaining the population"?
flooding areas of society with birth control and sterilization. Discourage certain people from breeding to control population and better utilize resources
The National Child Labor Committee pushed:
for laws prohibiting the employment of young children
which statement best describes Pres. Wilson
found it hard to understand and work with people who did not agree
NACW (National Association of Colored Women)
founded in 1896 to improve living and working conditions for African-American women
One of the early casualties of the war was...
free speech.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
general of D.A
france and englad tried to repay their WWI debts to the untied states by collecting reparations from
germany
With city governments to buy political bosses, progressives rallied for "_______ government."
good
Women & jobs in ww2
had to do traditionally man jobs
the african americans first literacy and art movement
harlem renaissance
Around 1916, Wilson renewed his support for progressive reforms because
he needed to build a coalition for reelection.
Gifford Pinchot
head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I.
What made the movie actor Rudolph Valentino stand out?
his dark complexion
What about H.L. Mencken did college students particularly like?
his irreverence
What did the League of Nations mean and who was in favor/against this idea?
if there's ever a fight, we will all join together and fight to avoid war, Europe likes this. But the US disagrees with Wilson and he loses a lot of support
this law passed by congress in 1924 lowered the number of allowed immigrants from europe nations to 2%
immigration act of 1924
The navel battle for the Philippines took place
in and around Manila Bay
Although they disagreed on how best to improve the lives of African Americans, Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells, and W. E. B. Du Bois all believed
in economic self-sufficiency and self-help.
Seventeenth Amendment
inaugurated (authorized) popular election of senators
16th Amendment
income tax
In the decade after World War I the spread of new technologies...
increased American engagement with the world.
as a result of americas entry into the great war, federal governments power
increased a great deal
Farmer frustrations that fueled the rise of the People's Party included all of the following EXCEPT
inflation
The 1896 election was important because it
initiated a realignment in the power of the two parties, and an era of strong presidents
Ku Klux Klan (in the 1920's)
it was a white supremacy, nativist, reactionary group that was against foreigners, Catholics, Jews, and blacks. They had 5 million members by 1924 and dominated the political scene in the south.
American "jingoism" was a response to the
late nineteenth-century masculinity crisis
American "jingoism" was a response to the
late nineteenth-century masculinity crisis.
Neutrality Acts
laws passed in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 to limit U.S. involvement in future wars. The 1935 the Neutrality Act banned selling arms to warring nations. In 1937, the U.S. instituted the "cash and carry" policy; warring nations could buy weapons if they paid up front and transported goods themselves. These acts emboldened Germany and Japan—in 1937, Germany retakes the Rhineland, Italy takes Ethiopia, and Japan captures Nanking. FDR was an "internationalist in an isolationist age."
Why Japanese Americans treated worse than German and Italian?
less assimilated less Americanized
W. E. B. Du Bois differed from Booker T. Washington in his demand that African Americans have access to
liberal arts education
In 1907, "white slavery" was another term for
prostitution
The purpose of the Glass-Steagall Act was to
protect the personal savings of Americans.
The purpose of the National Labor Relations Board was to
protect the right of workers to organize unions.
The National Origins Act was designed to
limit the number of Southern and Eastern European immigrants.
The Underwood-Simmons Tariff:
lowered the average tariff and hence was supported by Wilson
In addition to the typical issues that concerned progressive reformers, black women's clubs also attacked...
lynching and segregation.
Democrat franklin roosevelt carried every state except
maine and vermont
As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon encouraged Congress to...
maintain high tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers.
During the Progressive Era
many groups—blacks, the poor, the unorganized—had little influence
The Triangle Shirtwaist fire spurred interest in laws to
protect workers from accidents.
Lynching
putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law
Identify where Henry Ford got the idea for the moving assembly line.
meat packers who moved animal carcasses along overhead trolleys from station to station
The Jungle Showed the ___________ ____________ industry, a horrifically dangerous work environment producing horrible products.
meat packing
plutocrats
members of the wealthy elite, labeled for not supporting WWI/criticizing draft
Zimmerman, Arthur (note)
message from Ger. to Mex. asking for assistance.
Progressive activists in the early twentieth century were most likely to come from which demographic group?
middle-class professionals
The shift from district elections to citywide at-large elections reflected
middle-class reformers' distrust of poor and immigrant voters.
Holding Companies technically were technically legal ____________
monopolies
Changes in advertising in the early 20th century
more promotion, directed towards woman, use of radio
Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
The Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
Lewis Hine
muckraker who took pictures of child laborers to expose how bad child labor was
As a result of the depression of 1893,
new attitudes toward poverty and government responsibility emerged
when the great depression broke out the US gov had _____ programs in place to deal with homelessness
no
The American conviction that native Cubans and Filipinos were not ready for self-governance after their liberation from Spain reflected the belief that
nonwhite peoples were inferior and needed to be educated and protected by whites.
The fact that African Americans in Mississippi voluntarily taxed themselves to pay for schools during the early twentieth century is evidence
of their commitment to self-help and community improvement
How many Americans invested directly in the stock market in the 1920s?
one and a half million
Prior to the Sixteenth Amendment, the United States had a tax rate that was...
one of the lowest in the industrial world.
Versailles Treaty
one of the peace treaties at the end of World War 1. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
While many white middle-class women supported women's suffrage, they also
opposed suffrage for African Americans, Jews, or Catholic immigrants.
Communists influenced the public response to the Depression by
organizing protest actions and supporting the labor movement.
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act
outlawed price discrimination and interlocking directorates
Passed by Congress in 1910s, the Mann Act
outlawed the transport of women across state lines for "immoral purposes."
Passed by Congress in 1910s, the Mann Act...
outlawed the transport of women across state lines for "immoral purposes."
Who opposed the reform efforts of the National Child Labor Committee?
parents
In 1917, a Prohibition amendment to the Constitution:
passed Congress, then went to the states for ratification
The Federal Highways Act:
passed in 1916
Literacy Act
people were given literacy test in english to gain admitance into the county
After the tumultuous progressive era and World War I, Americans sought a return to...
placidity in politics.
Which of the following best describes the business approach of Alfred P Sloan, chairman of GM, that boosted sales in the 1920s and lured customers into buying more cars?
planned obsolescence
Which of the following was a uniquely American progressive reform movement?
playgrounds
Initiative and referendum is a part of the ________ platform
populist
What was Jane Addams' biggest flaw?
prejudices against African Americans
John Muir's opposition to the dam in the Hetch Hetchy valley indicates that he was a
preservationists
As president, Taft
preserved more public lands in four years than Roosevelt had in nearly eight
Eighteenth Amendment
prohibited the manufacture and sale of liquors (it took effect in 1920).
Republican victory in the 1924 presidential election can be attributed to the split within the Democratic Party over
prohibition
What passed as a result of the Food Administration's efforts?
prohibition because they needed to save on wheat and bread
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform
proposed vigorous anti-trust action to break up corporate concentration
which of the following statements regarding americas in the immediate aftermath of the great war
racial tensions were declining
The Scottsboro Nine were threatened with lynching because they were accused of
raping white women.
Nineteenth Amendment
ratified on August 18, 1920, this granted American women the right to vote--a right known as woman suffrage. This was given as a "reward" to women and all of their efforts in war time of World War I.
Economist call a marked slowdown in economic growth a
recession
immediately following to WWI the _____ divided people in regards to immigration
red scare
Florence Kelley
reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers
Which of the following best describes the method used by most progressives to solve the problem of economic power and its abuses?
regulate big business
D
republican victory in the 1924 presidential election can be attributed to the split within the Democratic Party over? a. social welfare policy b. darwin's theory of evolution c. farm relief d. prohibition
Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette
republican who did not mean to "smash corporations, but merely to drive them out of politics. Major Target was railroads
The most innovative proposal of the Ocala Demands came from Charles Macune. His "subtreasury system" would have
required a system of government warehouses for crop storage until prices rose
What did Shame of the Cities reveal and encourage people to do?
revealed who was really in charge of the local government, and inspired people to start keeping a closer eye on what was going on
pres hoover tried to balance the federal budget and pass the ______ to try and do so
revenue act of 1932
On what grounds did the Supreme Court of the United States strike down a New York law limiting the hours of bakers in Lochner v. New York?
right to contract
What was the 1919 schenck vs US case about?
right to freedom of speech. Schneck was passing around anti-war pamphlets outside of the draft office
your textbook asserts that all of the following were indicators of the weakening economy
rising automobile sales
What triggered the riots in Atlanta in September 1906?
rumors of a black man's assault of a white woman
The ______ trail is a classic example of modernism VS fundamentalism
scopes
infamous Alabama court case that convicted 9 black men of raping 2 white women of flimsy evidence
scottsboro boys
Despite Josephus Daniels's racist views, President Wilson still nominated Daniels for:
secretary of the navy
James Byrnes
senator from South Carolina who was an policy advisor for President Roosevelt and helped get the New Deal passed in Congress
Yellow journalism described newspaper accounts that were
sensational and exaggerated.
In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court upheld segregation as long as it was...
separate but equal.
Jane Addams was a pioneer in the
settlement house movement
The Federal Reserve Act did all of the following EXCEPT:
shifted the US treasury back to the gold standard
Roosevelt's fireside chats reflected his desire to
show Americans that he was working on their behalf.
Einsteins theories in the early 20th century revolutionized science by
showing that there are no absolute standards in the world
Because of the action of the federal reserve the american money supply _______ in the period from 1929 to 1932
shrank
Know how Henry Ford showed enormous profits.
smaller unit profit + large number of sales
Which of the following best signified the flapper of the 1920s?
smoking a cigarette
Susan B. Anthony
social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation
At their 1924 national convention, the Democratic Party split between...
southerners and northeasterners.
pres theodore roosevelt presidential plan was called the
square deal
One of the muckrakers' major achievements was to
stir up popular support for reform
Kamikaze attacks
suicide of firefighters
John Davis
the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for president in 1924. The wealthy, Wall-Street-connected man was no less conservative than his opponent, Calvin Coolidge
Rudolph Valentino's first job was as a...
taxi dancer.
According to the educator E. P. Cubbery, the work of assimilation included
teaching immigrant children in their native language.
The corruption scandal that rocked President Warren G. Harding's administration was known as
teapot dome
the biggest scandal of the harding admin involved the
teapot dome
Wilson's reelection in 1916 can be attributed to
the American public's ambivalence about entering the war
During the 1908 presidential race:
the Democrats once again nominated William Jennings Bryan
The inclusion of cocaine in Coca-Cola before 1903 is evidence that
the use of narcotics was common and acceptable.
how did wilson administration use women to aid the war effort
they were told to take jobs held by men
Among the catalysts for progressivism were all of the following except
the Old Guard Republicans.
A major factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential campaign was the fact that
the Republican party had split in two
Which important international political event most shaped the American attitude towards immigration in the 1920s?
the Russian revolution
United States Marines introduced all of the following to Haiti, EXCEPT...
the U.S. dollar.
In the year 1900, which nation led the world in strikes and lockouts?
the United States
Which of the following nations failed to implement pension reform for elderly citizens during the progressive era?
the United States
How did progressives try to refine the electorate?
through ballot reform
In the 1890s, the U.S. acquired all of the following EXCEPT
the Virgin Islands
Free silver was a monetary scheme; it was also a symbolic protest of ________ against ______.
the agricultural South and West; the commercial Northeast
What compelled progressives to seek a middle way to guarantee justice for America's workers?
the appeals of the radical left
Lenin
the architect of Russia's 1917 Bolshevik revolution and the first leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). A prominent Marxist.
According to reformer Frederick C. Howe, what was the biggest challenge in the progressive era?
the city
which of the following statements regarding the war industries board is incorrect
the could force workers to work in specific factories
What propelled women into the public arena during the progressive era?
the defense of the household and children
Anastasio Somoza
the dictator of Nicaragua and a US ally. His government was overthrown by leftist revolutionaries (Sandinistas) in 1979.
Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
Jane Addams
the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes
how did radio and movies revolutionize the mass culture
through marketing and ads people were made aware of new products
What was Sinclair's intention with this book?
to make people start electing socialist representatives
Congress established the Bureau of Corporations
to monitor the activities of interstate corporations
What would happen if the companies at the bottom layer stopped being supported?
the holding companies would fall apart.
Pres. Wilson believed that the keystone to ensuring lasting world peace was
the league of nations
What was wilsons 14th point about?
the league of nations
The most important issue in the 1896 presidential campaign was
the money question
The fact that, by 1929, Americans bought 60 percent of their cars and 80 percent of radios on the installment plan was evidence that
the nation's economic growth was dependent on mass consumption.
House, Edward M.
the personal confidant, friend, and adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. He advised Wilson on U.S. foreign policy before and during World War I, and at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919
Progressives supported all of the following as measures to democratize government EXCEPT:
the poll tax
A major factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential campaign was the fact that:
the republican party split into two
The meeting of the International Council of Women that Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop attended in Paris in 1900 stressed
the responsibility of women protect and educate society.
The meeting of the International Council of Women that Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop attended in Paris in 1900 stressed...
the responsibility of women protect and educate society.
Red Scare
the rounding up and deportation of several hundred immigrants of radical political views by the federal government in 1919 and 1920. the "scare" was caused by fears of subversion by communists in the United States after the Russian Revolution.
Treaty of Versailles
the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
Pan-Africanism
the unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries
Federal money for farm demonstration agents was approved in the adamson act
true
Henry Cabot Lodge was one of the biggest supporters of the league of nations
true
T or F: Numbers grew rapidly until one of the primary Klan leaders was tried for the kidnapping of a statehouse secretary
true
T or F: the rest of Wilson's 14 points were not very popular
true
T or F: they continued creating more dams, which lead to great lakes forming in eastern Tennessee
true
Warren G Harding was more progressive than woodrow wilson in his attitude and polices towards african americans
true
during WWI, popular prejudice associated anything german with disloyalty
true
early in his presidency roosevelt ended prohibition
true
hawley smoot tariff raised import duties to an all time high
true
many reformers were motivated by conservative religious belief
true
more than 400000 southern blacks moved north during the war years
true
with republicans in control of the federal government, progressivism disappeared in the 1920s
true
the big four at the peace conference created all of the following countries expect
turkey
By and large progressive reformers rejected...
unregulated markets.
The selective enforcement of the Mann Act reflected the American determination to
uphold traditional codes of sexual and racial behavior.
Charles Schenck was convicted of espionage in 1919 because he
urged Americans to oppose the military draft during World War I.
Alfred T. Mahan
us navy captain who encouraged the us to look outward for military bases, raw materials, markets
To conserve the nation's natural resources, Theodore Roosevelt wanted to
use the techniques of scientific management.
In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt:
used the Forest Reserve Act to withdraw over 170 million acres of timberland from logging
President Theodore Roosevelt departed from other Gilded Age presidents by...
using the power of the state to mediate labor conflict.
The War Industries board _____________ integrates the entire economy
vertically
William Howard Taft
was Roosevelt's choice as his successor
Louis D. Brandeis:
was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court
Kaiser Wilhelm
was the last German emperor and King of Prussia
William D. ("Big Bill") Haywood
was the leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, labeled "plutocrat" w Eugene Debbs in WWI
During the presidential election of 1912, William Howard Taft
was the republican candidate
As a result of a theory championed by Alfred Thayer Mahan, the U.S. Navy
was transformed into a modern, steam-driven institution
As a result of an expanding youth culture during the 1920s, Americans developed new...
ways of dating.
Which of the following best describes the principles underlying the politics of Calvin Coolidge's Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover?
welfare capitalism and voluntary cooperation
which of the following statements regarding president wilsons is inaccurate
wilson had a great deal of international relations exp when he was elected
President Taft's domestic policies generated a storm of controversy
within his own party
Frances Willard lobbied for these issues important to women EXCEPT:
women to become ministers
At the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911:
workers died as a result of a fire
An advocate of the social gospel believed one embraced the teachings of Jesus by
working in a settlement house.
Frederick W. Taylor:
wrote The Principles of Scientific Management
which of the following was not an example of a group created during the progressive era to promote social justice
young women christian association
