History 131 Final Exam

2. What basic rights are granted to the former slaves and which are denied to them by the Black Code?

The basic rights granted to former slaves were very few and obvious for everyday life. They could intermarry each other without any problem and it would be legalized by the court. They could also had the right to own a property, and they could sue or be sued, implead or be impleaded in any court of the state. But when it came to deny rights, those were no longer a few and basic, they covered a wide field and were totally discriminant

1. What does Lincoln identify as the essential difference between northern and southern definitions of freedom?

The difference between northern and southern definitions of freedom is that the northern definition of freedom is that for every man to be free to do with what he wants with himself. For southerns it is for the freedom of the white man to do what he wants with slaves. Southerners definition of freedom only applies to white people but does not consider the freedom of slaves. The people from the north did not have slavery and did not want slavery to exist in the south and includes slaves in their definition of freedom. Southern definition of freedom is their freedom to do what they want as a state and to not be controlled by the federal government. So northern definition of freedom is individual freedom to all people from other individuals. Southern definition of freedom is for white people to be free from the federal government from stopping them to do things like slavery.

2. To whom does Seward seem to be addressing his remarks?

Seward is addressing his remarks to everyone and anyone in the country. He started talking about how slavery is wrong and how the country would fare much better and have a brighter,better and smarter future when everyone is free and equal and competition allows business to grow for the better. Seward did that so everyone can realize the pros and con for the country. He is not aggressive with his words, but rather informative and hopes for a receptive audience.

1. How does Elliott defend the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Bill?

There was never a bill more completely within the constitution power of congress. It appealed for more support more strongly to the sense of justice and fair play which is said to be a characteristic of the Anglo-saxon race. The constitution warrants it, the supreme court sanctions it and justice demands it.

1. Why do you think the state of Mississippi required all black persons to sign yearly labor contracts but not white citizens?

This held the slaves accountable since most slaves were black and they had jobs to accomplish.

2. What do they think is the relationship between owning land and freedom?

This is their land and they have done nothing wrong so they deserve their citizen earned freedoms

1. How important is it for the petitioners to obtain land on Edisto Island as opposed to land elsewhere in the country?

Very important. this was their home. they made these lands what they are and are the only true and loyal people of the land. They havent broken any laws so why should they lose their freedoms to those of criminals?

Chattel Property n/b

What Moveable items of property which are neither land nor permanently attached to land or a building, either directly or vicariously through attachment to real property

Temperance 382, 433-34, 440-41

What a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Significance typically criticize excessive alcohol consumption, promote complete abstinence or use its political influence to press the government to enact alcohol laws to regulate the availability of alcohol or even its complete prohibition.

Radical abolitionism n/b

What movement before and during the American Civil War to end slavery in the United States. Significance it was a movement to end the Atlantic slave trade and set slaves free

Burned Over District n/b

Who 19th century western and central New York What religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place here Significance he area had been so heavily evangelized as to have no "fuel" (unconverted population) left over to "burn" (convert)

Slave Life n/b

Who African Americans What the slaves had it rough for centuries and their owners treated them horribly ...aka I can bs this Significance bs this sam

Hamiltons Fiscal plan look up

Who Alex Hamilton What He proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states Significance made the United States the best credit risk in the western world

The Bank War n/b

Who Andrew Jackson What the campaign to destroy the Second Bank of the United States, after his reelection convinced him that his opposition to the bank had won national support Significance anti-Bank Jacksonian Democrats were mobilized in opposition to the national bank's re-authorization on the grounds that the institution conferred economic privileges on financial elites, violating U.S. constitutional principles of social equality

Jacksonian Democracy 355 360

Who Andrew jackson What political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man Significance lasted until the slavery issue became dominant after 1854 and the American Civil War dramatically reshaped American politics as the Third Party System emerged

Camp Meetings n/b

Who Churches from around country What brought denominations together to celebrate church traditions such as communion and revivals together Significance helped get everyone on the same page in their beliefs

Plain Folk of the South n/b

Who Frank Lawrence Owsley What 1949 book written by a southern agrarian Significance statistical data analyzed the makeup of Southern society, contending that yeoman farmers made up a larger middle class than was generally thought

The North Star n/b

Who Fredrick Douglas What nineteenth-century anti-slavery newspaper published from the Talman Building in Rochester, New York Significance made reference to the directions given to runaway slaves trying to reach the Northern states and Canada: Follow the North Star

Voluntary Societies n/b

Who Libertarians What all property and all services are provided through voluntary means such as private or cooperative ownership Significance people who want to live under a certain code of conduct can move to a community that supports and protects it

Second Bank of the United States 365-66

Who Philadelphia What second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank[3] in the United States Significance handled all fiscal transactions for the U.S. Government, and was accountable to Congress and the U.S. Treasury. Twenty percent of its capital was owned by the federal government, the bank's single largest stockholder

Cane Ridge Revival n/b

Who Presbyterians What large camp meeting that was held in Cane Ridge, Kentucky from August 6 to August 12 or 13, 1801 Significance it brought numerous churches together to celebrate the holy communion

Sabbatarianism n/b

Who Protestants What protestant movement that required that the Sabbath (Sunday) be saved in reverence Significance it introduced the idea that Christians are bound to keep a specific code of conduct in relation to the principal day of Christian worship, or a day of rest, or both

Democratic Republicans 290-94

Who Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and James Madison What American political party, formed in 1791-93 to oppose the centralizing policies of the Federalist Party Significance controlled the presidency and Congress, as well as most states, from 1801 to 1825, during the First Party System

the liberator n/b

Who William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp in 1831 What an abolitionist newspaper Significance also became an avowed woman's rights newspaper when the prospectus for its 1838 issue declared that as the paper's object was "to redeem woman as well as man from a servile to an equal condition,"

American system 364-365, 373-76

Who alex hamiltons ideas What consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.

Ben Lundy n/b

Who an American Quaker abolitionist from New Jersey What established several anti-slavery newspapers and traveled widely he lectured and published seeking to limit the slavery's expansion Significance he tried to find a place outside the United States to establish a colony where freed slaves might relocate

Slave Power Conspiracy 491

Who antislavery campaigners in the U.S. in the 1840s and 1850s What argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery Significance opposed the expansion of slavery

Declaration of Sentiments 457

Who attendees of the first womens rights convention What a document signed in 1848 by 68 women and 32 men—100 out of some 300 attendees at the first women's rights convention to be organized by women Significance Many people respected the courage and abilities behind the drafting of the document, but were unwilling to abandon conventional mindsets

Treaty of Ghent 314

Who british and American reps What peace treaty Significance that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 254, 369, 481

Who congress of the confederation What created the northwest territory Significance one of the most important legislative acts of the Confederation Congress it established the precedent by which the Federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation

Irish and german Immigration 335 441

Who germans and irish settlers What resulted from civil unrest, severe unemployment or almost inconceivable hardships at home. Immigrants built canals and constructed railroads Significance This wave of immigration affected almost every city and almost every person in America.. They became involved in almost every labor-intensive endeavor in the country. Much of the country was built on their backs.

Alien and sedition acts 296-98

Who john adams What made it harder for an immigrant to become a citizen, allowed the president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed dangerous, and criminalized making false statements that were critical of the federal government Significance strengthened national security during an undeclared naval war with France

Herrenfolk Democracy n/b

Who majority ethnic groups What system of government in which only the majority ethnic group participates in government, while minority groups are disenfranchised. Significance further entrenched the prevention of black people from participation in government and upheld their disenfranchisement

American Temperance Union 440

Who most successful in northern states What benefited from, and contributed to, a reform sentiment in much of the country promoting the abolition of slavery, expanding women's rights, temperance, and the improvement of society Significance first U.S. social movement organization to mobilize massive and national support for a specific reform cause

Free Labor Ideology 490

Who north and south slaves What described the economic differences between northern and southern slaves Significance grounded in the beliefs that Northern free labor was superior to Southern slave labor

Paternallism n/b

Who organization or state What limits some person or group's liberty or autonomy for what is presumed to be that person's or group's own good Significance he behavior is against or regardless of the will of a person, or also that the behavior expresses an attitude of superiority

King Cotton n/b

Who pro-secessionists in the Southern States What summarized the strategy used before the American Civil War of 1861-1865 claimed the feasibility of secession and to prove there was no need to fear a war with the Northern States Significance would ruin the textile industry of New England, and—most importantly—would force Great Britain and perhaps France to support the Confederacy militarily

william lloyd garrison 445-51

Who prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator Significance immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. In the 1870s, Garrison became a prominent voice for the woman suffrage movement.

Black Belt n/b

Who region of the southern united states What an area that was developed for cotton plantations based on enslaved Black/African-American labor Significance due to relative isolation and lack of economic development, the rural communities in the Black Belt faced acute poverty, rural exodus, inadequate education programs, low educational attainment, poor health care, urban decay, substandard housing, and high levels of crime and unemployment.

Wage Slavery 352

Who slaves What a situation where a person's livelihood depends on wages or a salary, especially when the dependence is total and immediate

Short Staple Cotton n/b

Who slaves, farmers that overshadowed all others What was a hardier and coarser strain of cotton that could grow successfully in a variety of climates and in a variety of soils. Significance It was harder to process than the long-staple cotton variety because its seeds were difficult to remove from the fiber, but the invention of the cotton gin had solved this problem.

Southern Republicanism n/b

Who southern americans What methods the Republican Party used to gain political support in the South by appealing to the racism against African Americans harbored by many southern white voters

Market revolution 318-54

Who the united states What the expansion of the marketplace that occurred in early nineteenth-century America, prompted mainly by the construction of new roads and canals to connect distant communities together for the first time. Significance highly negative development that marked the triumph of capitalism over democracy. He argues that this was one of the most significant transformations of America within the first half of the nineteenth century—indeed, the defining event of world history—the evolution from an agrarian to a capitalist society

Millenialism n/b

Who those of Christian denomination What there will be a Golden Age or Paradise on Earth in which "Christ will reign" for 1000 years prior to the final judgment and future eternal state

Era of good feelings 367

Who united states What marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars Significance during the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Party during the First Party System

Womens rights movement 433, 455-64

Who women of America What rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls of many societies worldwide Significance gave women the right to vote in america

Seneca Falls Convention 457-59

Who women of the us What first women's rights convention. a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman Significance included a lecture on law, a humorous presentation, and multiple discussions about the role of women in society

What is Jacksonian democracy and how did it change america?

a political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters. The Jacksonian Era lasted roughly from Jackson's 1828 election as president until the slavery issue became dominant after 1854 and the American Civil War dramatically reshaped American politics as the Third Party System emerged. Jackson's policies followed the era of Jeffersonian democracy which dominated the previous political era. When the Democratic-Republican Party of the Jeffersonians became factionalized in the 1820s, Jackson's supporters began to form the modern Democratic Party. They fought the rival Adams and Anti-Jacksonian factions, which by 1834 emerged as the Whigs. it promoted the strength of the presidency and executive branch at the expense of Congress, while also seeking to broaden the public's participation in government. The Jacksonians demanded elected (not appointed) judges and rewrote many state constitutions to reflect the new values

1. How does Seward expand the antislavery argument beyond the moral appeal of the abolitionists?

a. He starts of by saying "One of the chief elements of the value of human life is freedom in the pursuit of happiness." (pg 255. Para. 1) He says that the slave system is intolerant, unjust, and inhuman. I believe that he starts off with this because it is the moral appeal, and I think that this is what gets out attention the best. He then goes into saying that the free labor system educates all alike. I believe that he says this because he thinks that the common man does not know how to do many of these things, he says that it secures universal contentment. Seward explains that the slave system is a constant danger. Seward believed that the nation was divided between free and slave holding states. He sort of argue how corrupt and injustice slavery was. He also believes that it either it be free labor or slavery, however he also believe that they cannot coexist. The land and slave owners of the south feel the need to pay a lot more attention to their property than any real advancement in the nations development. Seward insists that the slave system will lead the country directly back into the hands of monarchy that they had fought to be free from England.

Election of 1860 493,502-03

between abe lincoln and john breckinridge

Trail of Tears 386

cherokees term for their forced removal from the southeast to indian lands aka oklahoma. 15000 started journey and 4000 died along the way

Panic of 1819 366

financial collapse brought on by sharply falling cotton prices, declining demand for american exports and reckless western land speculation

war of 1812 308,311-15, 364

fought with britain over issues that included impressment of american sailors, interference with shipping, and collusion with northwest territory indians

Cotton Gin 327

invented by eli whitney. separated cotton seed from fiber. speeds up cotton process and making profitable the cultivation of the more hardy short staple cotton.

2. Why does Elliott refer to the "cornerstone speech" of Alexander H. Stephens in making his argument?

it represents that slavery was the main subject of american government and these events got rid of the pseudo government which rested on greed, pride and tyranny.

What caused the Civil War? What was each sides political goal? How did they change during the War?

many situations caused the war. Fort sumter, southern secession, election of lincoln, john brown, harpers ferry raid, the missouri compromise, and the dred scott decision to name a few. The north wanted the south to return to the union and the south wanted to keep their ways and slavery and independence. The norths plan to win the war was to Split the South by capturing the Mississippi River, Capture Richmond and Blockade them. The souths plan was to Get Europe on their side,To compare themselves to the patriots so that if what the patriots did wasn't wrong than neither what the S is doing is wrong. In the beginning of the war, and pretty much throughout the war, the North only concern was to preserve the Union, and bring the Confederacy back into the Union. While many may say that the goal by th e middle or end of the war was to prevent slavery, Lincoln believed foremost in preserving the Union. While the Emancipation Proclamation did create a large moral boost for the troops as they came through the South, it was not a change in ideology by the North.

American Colonization society 444 450

organized in 1816 to encourage colonization of free blacks to africa

Planters 356,403,415-17

owner of a large farm worked by at least twenty slaves

Virginia and kentucky resolutions 297-98

passed by virginia and kentucky legislatures in response to the alien and sedition acts. the resolutions advance the state compact theory of the constitution.

2. What is the purpose of lincolns metaphor about the wolf and the sheep and their differing views of liberty?

the shepherd took he wolf from the sheeps throat. the sheep was black and this represents how races cant settle on a commonality when it comes to liberties and freedoms. Everyone thinks they are entitled to certain things.

Antietam 514 518

what fought on September 17, 1862. It was the first Field army-level engagement in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War to take place on Union soil significance bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing

Caning of Charles Sumter 492,571-77

who Charles Sumner what Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner with a cane in retaliation for a speech given by Sumner two days earlier where he fiercely attacked slave owners significance considered symbolic of the "breakdown of reasoned discourse and eventually led to the civil war

Dred Scott Decision 493-94,496,502

who Dred Scott what a negro, whose ancestors were imported and sold as slaves", whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States

Fire-Eater Democrats 501

who a group of radical pro-slavery Southerners in the Antebellum South what urged the separation of Southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America significance sought to reopen the international slave trade, which had been illegal since 1808

Emancipation Proclamation 522- 28, 566

who abe Lincoln what purported to change the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from "slave" to "free" significance it proclaimed the freedom of slaves in ten states

Gettysburg Address 529-30

who abe lincoln what speech delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery significance proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis

Compromise of 1850 484-86

who congress what a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 significance defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).

Missouri Compromise 367-69, 377, 383

who congress with Missouri what an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted significance provided for the admission of the District of Maine as a free state and the Missouri territory without restriction on slavery

Harpers Ferry 497-500

who john brown what an effort to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia

Bleeding Kansas 491

who kansas what a series of violent political confrontations in the United States involving anti-slavery "Free-Staters" and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian", or "southern yankees" elements in Kansas between 1854 and 1861 significance a conflict between anti-slavery forces in the North and pro-slavery forces from the South over the issue of slavery in the United States.

Kansas Nebraska Act 487-95

who kansas and nebraska what created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and was drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois and President Franklin Pierce significance goal was to open up thousands of new farms and make feasible a Midwestern Transcontinental Railroad. The popular sovereignty clause of the law led pro- and anti-slavery elements to flood into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, resulting in Bleeding Kansas.

Second Great Awakening 341-45,440,446

who protestants what Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States significance reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment.

Whig Party 379-81, 385, 391-93

who republicans what was a political party active in the middle of the 19th century in the United States. originally formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson (in office 1829-37) and his Democratic Party significance the Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency and favored a program of modernization, banking and economic protectionism to stimulate manufacturing.

Secession 503-06,510

who republicans from the union what withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

Fort Sumter 506 518 525

who sea fort in south Carolina what one of a number of special forts planned after the War of 1812, combining high walls and heavy masonry, and classified as Third System, significance it remained in Confederate hands until it was evacuated as Sherman marched through South Carolina in February 1865.

Texas Independence 471

who texas what became its own republic separating from mexico and america significance they wanted to union with america

Mexican-American War 472-76, 484

who united states of America and united Mexican states what armed conflict between the two significance texas was never claimed but assumed to be America and mexico did not agree with this