History 202 Chapter 23 & 24

Which of these was one of the three key factors that help explain why industrialization began in Britain first? A) Britain's small agricultural sector B) The policies of the British government C) Britain's defeat in the American Revolution D) Britain's dependence on imported coal and iron

B) The policies of the British government

By 1830 in Britain and by 1860 in Germany and France, what had changed about leading industrialists? A) They were mostly from poor backgrounds and built their businesses from scratch. B) They were more likely to have inherited their businesses. C) They were unaware of how they differed from others financially. D) They were more likely to leave their business to a daughter than in earlier times.

B) They were more likely to have inherited their businesses.

What term did Karl Marx use to describe the growing belief among working people that they belonged to a particular social class? A) Class-consciousness B) Self awareness C) Proletariatization D) Self-actualization

A) Class-consciousness

Coal was an essential ingredient in the manufacture of what eighteenth-century product? A) Iron B) Grain C) Road gravel D) Cloth

A) Iron

Which of the following is a doctrine of economic liberalism that emphasizes unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference? A) Laissez faire B) Mercantilism C) Trickle-down economics D) Value theory

A) Laissez fair

For what is Georges Haussmann best remembered? A) Leading massive rebuilding projects in Paris B) Developing the antiseptic method C) Writing realistic novels of lower-class life D) Promoting positivist philosophy

A) Leading massive rebuilding projects in Paris

What did David Ricardo argue in his iron law of wages theory? A) That the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above subsistence levels B) That England's industrial production could not be sustained unless wages were increased C) That unions were needed to protect the income of industrial workers D) That dramatic improvements needed to be made in the lives of the working-class poor

A) That the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above subsistence levels

On the European continent, who took on the majority of the costs of building railroads? A) The governments B) Private investors C) Commercial banks D) Conglomerates

A) The governments

What ideas united the victorious allies at the Congress of Vienna? A) They were all motivated by traditional ideas about the balance of power. B) They all wanted to resurrect the Holy Roman Empire under Habsburg rule. C) They were all motivated by a desire to punish France harshly and reduced it in size. D) They sought to establish constitutional monarchies in the areas conquered by Napoleon.

A) They were all motivated by traditional ideas about the balance of power.

What did Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection tend to reinforce? A) Views of secularists such as Spencer and Marx B) The bacterial theory of disease tested by Pasteur C) The Catholic Church's opposition to expansion of political participation D) The drive for universal public education in Europe

A) Views of secularists such as Spencer and Marx

What did Edmund Cartwright invent in 1785? A) A hybrid jenny and water frame B) A special cotton harvester C) A power loom D) A better steam engine

C) A power loom

Which of these was created by the Factory Act of 1833? A) A standard set of wage guidelines B) A set of environmental regulations for factories C) A system of full-time factory inspectors D) A new administrative department to encourage industrial growth

C) A system of full-time factory inspectors

Handicraft workers who smashed the new machines they believed were putting them out of work were known as what? A) Socialists B) Communists C) Luddites D) Wobblies

C) Luddites

To help Austria subdue Hungary, what country's leader sent troops to occupy the territory in 1849? A) Bohemia B) France C) Russia D) Prussia

C) Russia

What did the journalist Theodor Herzl advocate? A) The full emancipation of Jews in Prussia B) Economic equality for German women C) The creation of a Jewish state D) The unification of Austria and Prussia

C) The creation of a Jewish state

At the end of the nineteenth century, white-collar employees were identified with what group? A) The working class B) Labor aristocracy C) The middle class D) The propertied class

C) The middle class

What did liberals and democrats see as the ultimate source for good government? A) The monarchy B) God C) The people D) Scientific rationalism

C) The people

Which of the following pushed Russia toward modernization? A) The loss of Silesia to Austria B) An unsuccessful war with Poland C) A rebellion of serfs D) The Crimean War

D) The Crimean War

Which of the following was a primary cause of the French Revolution of 1848? A) The landed aristocracy was dissatisfied over questions of property ownership. B) Workers in France's silk factories were upset over factory wages. C) Women in the major cities were angry over high bread prices. D) The French government refused to consider electoral reforms.

D) The French government refused to consider electoral reforms.

What was one of the major limitations of the putting-out system in the British textile industry? A) There was not enough cotton to meet demand. B) There were too many spinners driving prices down. C) There was an overabundance of thread. D) There were not enough spinners to meet demand.

D) There were not enough spinners to meet demand.