History 7A Chapter 11

Which of the following was a consequence of cotton's growing dominance over the southern economy?

Economic power shifted from the "upper" to the "lower" South.

Which of the following statements about slavery is true?

It isolated blacks from whites, enabling slaves to create their own cultures.

Why was the line between slavery and freedom less distinct in urban areas?

Urban slaves were less isolated than rural slaves.

Geography Pre-Test: Slavery and Cotton in the South, 1820 and 1860

- Missouri: In 1860, this state had the northernmost area of slave distribution - Texas: In 1860, this state had the westernmost area of slave distribution - South Carolina: In 1860, this state produced Sea Island cotton and had the largest area of dense slave population other than Virginia - Georgia: In 1860, this state had areas in the north and south with relatively sparse slave population, but a large section of upland cotton production through its middle

Which of the following accurately describe how cotton became the leading crop in the South?

- The invention of the cotton gin made short-staple cotton a more attractive crop - demand for cotton increased dramatically due to the growth of the textile industry - rice and sugar were lucrative crops but could only be grown in the coastal regions of the Southeast

Which of the following describe how slaves managed to maintain a distinct African American culture?

- preserved elements of African languages - incorporated voodoo or other African traditions - religion mor joyful and affirming than other denominations

Which of the following explain how slavery functioned from economic and social perspectives?

- slavery was the chief factor that isolated the South from the rest of American Society - even the poorest white Southerners considered themselves members of the ruling race and felt superior because of their skin color - the development of the Southwest led to increased slave trade

Which of these describe why industry failed to develop in the South as well as it did in the North?

- the booming profitability of the region's agricultural system left little incentive to look to industry - Southern society increasingly depended on manufacturers, merchants, and professionals of the North - lack of investment in a transportation system left most of the South unconnected - Southerners held a set of distinctive values that discouraged the growth of cities and industry

Denmark Vesey

Charleston free black man who led an aborted 1822 slave revolt

Most southern planters did not think of themselves as aristocrats.

False

The South, like the North, changed from an agricultural to an industrial economy during this period.

False

There is little evidence that southern planters had sexual relations with their slaves.

False

In Hammond's opinion, what would be the outcome of the South discontinuing the cotton crop for several years?

Global dependence on cotton would make the South stronger.

By the start of the Civil War, which of the following states contained a large percentage of the free black population?

Maryland

Which of the following statements about slave punishment is true?

Masters generally were not punished for killing their slaves.

The following describe the effect of slavery on white slaveowners, on nonslaveowning whites, on free blacks, or on slaves themselves.

Nonslaveowning Whites: - limited opportunities for education and advancement - members felt that slavery threatened their sense of independence White Slaveowners: - prestige and status in society - women were spared arduous labor, but marital relationship were threatened Slaves: -some acquired property despite laws prohibiting it - women worked particularly hard Free Blacks: -growing community was perceived as a threat

What does Hammond use Cicero's concept of Nature's law to defend?

The enslavement of blacks for growing cotton.

What was the "second middle passage"?

The forced migration of slaves from the upper South to the lower South.

What would be the military importance of lifting tariffs, in the view of Hammond?

The importance of cotton would prevent war on the nation.

Which of the following statements about planters was generally true?

They exercised a power far out of proportion to their numbers.

Which of the following statements about slaves' health is true?

They had higher mortality rates than southern whites.

Why was the work of "factors" so important to southern industry?

They provided planters with much needed credit.

Conditions for urban slaves was significantly different from those in the countryside.

True

Planters in the South were just as much competitive capitalists as were the industrialists in the North.

True

Slave codes prohibited whites from teaching slaves to read or write.

True

The dominant response of African Americans to slavery was a combination of adaptation and resistance.

True

cult of honor

a code of behavior followed by southern men in which insults (especially to white women) were swiftly avenged

"Sambo"

a distorted depiction of extreme slave behavior , with shuffling, head-scratching, deference to whites

The typical white southerner was

a modest yeoman farmer.

The southern failure to create a flourishing commercial or industrial economy was in part the result of

a set of values distinctive to the South that discouraged the growth of cities and industry.

pidgin

a simple, common language, it retained some African words but drew primarily, if selectively, from English

Which of the following was NOT a condition of slave life in the South?

ability to use the time after work as they wished

Slaves used music

as a means of storytelling.

A minority of Southern whites owned slaves,

but the slaveholding planters exercised power and influence far in excess of their numbers.

One of the most frequent reasons a slave would run away from a plantation was to

find relatives who had been sent elsewhere.

Nat Turner

he led the only actual large-scale American slave insurrection in the nineteenth-century

Gabriel Prosser

he was executed with thirty-five others in 1800 for planning a Virginia-based slave revolt

The South had a "colonial" economy in that

it produced raw materials and purchased finished products.

Which of the following was a primary cause of the South's lack of industrial development?

lack of transportation

Slaves generally preferred to live in which of the following environments?

large plantations

slave codes

laws through which southern states forbade slaves to hold property, leave their masters' remises, congregate with other slaves except at church, carry firearms, or strike a white person, even in self-defense

Slave families

preferred to be a "nuclear family."

Most southern white "ladies" were

relatively isolated from people outside their own families.

Which of the following was a major consequence of the South's lack of industrial development?

reliance on northern industry

The southern concept of honor

resulted in the adoption of an elaborate code of chivalry.

The most important economic development in the mid-nineteenth century South was the

shift of economic power from the "upper South" to the "lower South."

The expansion of Southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was directly due to the expanded cultivation of

short-staple cotton.

How much of the nation's export income did the South account for, according to Hammond?

slightly over half

African American religion

sometimes combined Christianity with traditional African religions.

In slave society, when was it customary for couples to marry?

soon after conceiving a child

Which of the following played the biggest part in determining the role of wealthy southern women as compared to their northern counterparts?

their rural environments