History After 1877 CH 16

Scientific Management

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." This statement by an iron molder refers to

water to coal

As American industry expanded in the late nineteenth century, its energy source shifted from

sued in court to force companies to reduce high rates.

Established in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

sponsored events to improve the social life of farm families.

Founded in 1867, the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry

Assembly lines

Gustavus Swift boosted productivity in his Chicago slaughterhouses in the 1860s by using

Through predatory pricing and the creation of the trust

How did John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Corporation come to control 95 percent of the nation's oil refining capacity by the 1880s?

by excluding the Chinese.

In terms of membership, the Knights of Labor discriminated

cost accounting

New corporate managers pioneered which system to track expenses and revenues in the late nineteenth century?

Southern and Eastern Europe

New immigration patterns in the early twentieth century reflected growing emigration from

regulate big business.

State Granger laws were designed primarily to

Railroads

The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry?

Workplace safety laws

The Knights of Labor advocated which of the following reforms in their 1878 platform?

the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

The Supreme Court decision to overturn Granger laws in Wabash v. Illinois (1886) led to

barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882.

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in nineteenth-century California by

Mass production increased workers' output.

The introduction of mass production in the late-nineteenth-century American economy had which of the following advantages?

resistance from workers.

The outcome of the implementation of scientific management was

They succeeded through vertical integration.

What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common?

Government troops helped put down both strikes.

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?

Catalogs

What late-nineteenth-century development made it possible for rural Americans to participate in the national consumer culture?

To provide federal funding for agricultural research and education

What was the purpose of the Hatch Act, passed by Congress and President Grover Cleveland in 1887?

Ladies' Home Journal

Which magazine was the first to take advantage of advertising revenue to build mass readership, with over one million subscribers?

Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone's standard of living rose.

Which of the following arguments did Andrew Carnegie make in his famous 1889 essay "Wealth" (later called "The Gospel of Wealth")?

Collective bargaining—union negotiates with the employer for all the employees

Which of the following pairs is properly matched?

Inflation

Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s?

Higher standard of living

Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War?

Due to their dire economic circumstances, working-class families frequently sent their children out to work in mills, factories, or mines.

Which of the following statements characterizes the economics of working-class family life in late-nineteenth-century America?

More than 75 percent of all stenographers and typists were female.

Which of the following statements characterizes the employment of women in the American labor force during the late nineteenth century?

They faced more severe discrimination than European immigrants

Which of the following statements describes the Chinese immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century?

They often planned on working and saving money for a few years before returning home.

Which of the following statements describes the experiences of the new immigrants who entered the United States between 1880 and 1920?

refrigerated car

Which of the following technological innovations made it possible for Gustavus F. Swift to undercut the prices of local butchers?

Skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy

Which of the following was a consequence of mass production?

The American Federation of Labor

Which of the following was a nineteenth-century example of a trade union?

Machinists

Which of the following were skilled workers with a relatively high degree of autonomy in the 1870s?

Andrew Carnegie

Who of the following represented the American notion that through hard work, even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful?

They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China.

Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the nineteenth century?

Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants.

Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890?

Office work was cleaner and better paid than domestic service or factory work.

Why was clerical and office work appealing to white working-class women in the late nineteenth century?

The AFL focused on goals such as better wages, hours, and working conditions.

Why was the American Federation of Labor more successful than the Knights of Labor in the late nineteenth century?

The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor

Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significant?

The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor.

Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significnt?