History ap1
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa
(January 1775 - November 1836) was a Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as the Prophet or the Shawnee Prophet. He was a brother of Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee. A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, (,,,,), a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813. , his brother was He was called the Prophet, a Shawnee. He said Native Americans must reject white ways and no longer trade with the settlers.
Battle of Yorktown
(October 19, 1781; Last major battle of the Revolutionary War) American troops under George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau trapped British troops under Charles Cornwallis and his troops in the Chesapeake Bay, with the help of Admiral de Grasse and the French fleet. Cornwallis was forced to surrender. Significance: although not the last of the fighting, this signified the end of the war. The U.S. government fell nearly bankrupt and British General Cornwallis fell back to Chesapeake Bay at Yorktown to await seaborne supplies and reinforcements. With the help of the French, who were in the West Indies, they attacked the British on American soil to take down cornwallis.
Thoman Paine
(name) was a passionate and persuasive writer who published the bestseller, Common Sense in 1776. had the radical idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic away from England. Over 120,000 copies of his book were sold and this helped spark the colonists rebellion later that year.
Election of 1824 corrupt bargin
A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State. In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.
Spoils System
A practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory and as an incentive to keep working for the part
Treaty of Paris, 17833
American negotiatiors meet in Paris: Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay of NY. John Jay goes against Congress's wishes and against France and makes treaty with Britain in 1783. Britain recognized independence of the United States. gave over large borders. The Yankees retained a share in Newfoundland (against Canada's wishes). Loyalists not further persecuted, Congress must recommend that taken Loyalist property be returned to its owners, US must repay debts to British creditors quickly.
Shay's Rebellion 1786
Captain Daniel Shays was a radical veteran of the Revolution. He led a rebellion, fittingly named-?. He felt he was fighting against a tyranny. The rebellion was composed of debtors demanding cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and suspension of mortgage foreclosures. He was sentenced to death but was later pardoned. The rebellion in 1786 helped lead to the Constitution and Shay somewhat became one of the Founding Fathers. Shay's Rebellion 1786 Captain Daniel Shays led back-country farmers in a rebellion because many people were losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures and tax delinquencies. Farmers demanded cheaper paper money, lighter taxes and a suspension of mortgage foreclosures. The rebellion ended when troops broke up Shay's mob in Boston.was an armed uprising in Massachusetts (mostly in and around Springfield) during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels (called Shaysites) in rising up against perceived economic injustices and suspension of civil rights (including multiple eviction and foreclosure notices) by Massachusetts, and in a later attempt to capture the United States' national weapons arsenal at the U.S. Armory at Springfield
Battle of Saratoga
Fought eighteen days apart in the fall of 1777, the two Battles of Saratoga were a turning point in the American Revolution. On September 19th, British General John Burgoyne achieved a small, but costly victory over American forces led by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold. Though his troop strength had been weakened, Burgoyne again attacked the Americans at Bemis Heights on October 7th, but this time was defeated and forced to retreat. He surrendered ten days later, and the American victory convinced the French government to formally recognize the colonist's cause and enter the war as their ally.
Andrew Jackson
Hero of Battle of New Orleans, Leader of new Democratic Party, liked by westerners and the "common man"The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.
Anti-federalists
Led by Jefferson, this loose alliance of politicians and citizens supported strong state governments and opposed ratification of the Constitution. Anti-federalists agreed that the proposed Constitution would give the national government too much power. They felt that the state governments would become weak and the national government too removed from local conditions, resulting in a loss of freedom. Despite their defeat, they prevailed in the matter of securing a set of amendments guaranteeing individual liberties, the Bill of Rights.
Olive Branch Petition
On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies.
camp followers"
Performed necessary tasks in war camps, like cooking, cleaning, but also some ended up in combat (Molly Pitcher),Women that traveled w/ the armies; some were prostitutes but most were wives, cooks, laundresses, and nurses
us constitution
The document that establishes the rights and liberties of the American people. It created a federal government of three branches---legislative, judicial, and executive. It separates powers among the three branches and establishes a system of checks and balances among them and defines the distribution of power between the federal government and the states. September 17, 1787 Ratified June 21, 1788, Since the it came into force in 1789, it has been amended twenty-seven times.[2] In general, the first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government. The document which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers. It can be changed through amendments.
Federalists
They were usually wealthy, educated, property owning men, who believed in a strong, centralized federal government, and supported the Constitution. They included planters and merchants and were concentrated along the seaboard where they could use their political power to persuade congressmen to their position. Hamilton was the leader of the party.
Articles of Confederation
This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn't govern the country's finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789,The first Constitution of the U.S. from 1781-1788. The Articles established a loose confederation of largely independent states with limited powers vested in the central government. It set up a national legislature called Congress, consisting of delegates from the states. Each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of its size or population. Reflecting the Americans distrust of centralized authority, the Articles gave the central government no power to levy or collect taxes, regulate interstate commerce, or interfere with the states. There was no national executive or president and no supreme court. The few powers assigned to Congress included declaration of war and peace, maintenance of an army, and coinage of money. Amending the Articles required a unanimous vote of Congress.
Democratic-Republican Party Leaders:
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison Major Ideas: Represented the interests of the common man, the farmer. Was anti-capitalistic. Favored limitations on the power of the federal government and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Held that the future of the nation was dependent on maintaining an agrarian society. Favored support of France.
The Declaration of Independence
an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved."Thomas Jefferson wrote it. Benjamin Franklin and John Adams are some of the people who signed it.Where was the bll signed? Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,It says what we believe in: equality, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,The colonists wanted to be free and independent from Great Britain and King George III
veto power
constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it. A two-thirds vote in each house can override it.
common Sense
in 1776 was one of the most potent pamphlets ever written. It called for the colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for independence from England. The author Thomas Paine introduced such ideas as nowhere in the universe sis a smaller heavenly body control a larger. For this reason their is no reason for England to have control over the vast lands of America. The pamphlet with its high-class journalism as well as propaganda sold a total of 120,000 copies within a few months.
Benedict Arnold
one of the leaders in an American force in 1775 that captured British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in NY, seizing gunpowder; also led battle at Bunker Hill (Boston), first massive British army destruction; kept British from reaching Fort Ticonderoga in 1776, forcing them to stay in Canada for the winter; 1780 turned traitor for monery, greatly hurtin American morale (was going to sell out Hudson River
Slavery and the Constitution:
slave trade, 3/5 Clause The South's slave trade was guaranteed for at least 20 years after the ratification of the Constitution. Slaves were considered 3/5 of a person when determining the state population.
king George 3
was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1820, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, exercised a greater hand in the government of the American colonies than had many of his predecessors. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. After King George III rejected the Olive Branch Petition, the colonists came to see him as a tyrant.The new king during the Seven Years' War. George III and his Prime Minister George Greenville both believed that the colonist should help pay the huge debt that occurred by financing the war. They said that the colonist were the beneficiaries of the war however the colonist believed the debt was paid in full by providing all of the soldiers for war. Parliament imposed many new taxes on the colonists: Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Navigation Act, and the Declaratory Act ,,What did the English Government Vote on The government voted and repealed the Stamp Tax, but they agreed that Americans should be taxed. What did King George III do After the Boston Tea Party King George III punished the Americans by closing the port of Boston and taking away the right of Massachusetts to govern itself. 1765 King George III issued the Stamp Tax on printed items in America.
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson
was a member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the Declaration of Independence, was ambassador to France, and was the President of the United States of America. He did all these things before, during, and after the Revolutionary war. With his Declaration of Independence he declared the colonies' freedom from England. While President, he bought the Louisiana Purchase and had Lewis and Clark to explore it.
Abigail Adams
was the wife of second president John Adams. She attempted to get rights for the "Ladies" from her husband who at the time was on the committee for designing the Declaration of Independence.
Loyalists/Tories Loyalists
were American colonists who remained in favor of British rule and loyal to crown. Persecuted by Patriots, supported by redcoats. Tories were British political commentators who supported monarchism and Anglicanism/Catholicism ("God, King and Country")
Whigs/patriots
were Americans who advocated independence from Britain. Criticized by redcoats and loyalists. Whigs were British political commentators who opposed monarchism and absolute rule and supported nonconformist Protestants, abolition, suffrage, and supremacy of Parliament. People who remained !!loyal!! to British crown; were called Tories by Patriots Most were recent migrants to America, others held their power or position through the crown