History Ch23 ID's

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

An act that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.

National Farmers' Holiday Association

An association of Midwestern farmers, the ___________________ was a movement of farmers who, during the Great Depression, endorsed the withholding of farm products from the market, in essence creating a farmers' strike. The___________________ was organized in May 1932 by Milo Reno.

Barolomeo Vanzetti

One of the suspected anarchists who was convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery of a shoe factory in South Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the two Italian immigrants were executed on August 23, 1927. The public believed their sentences was so harsh because they were immigrants and radicals, not because they were murderers.

Nicola Sacco

One of the suspected anarchists who was convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery of a shoe factory in South Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the two Italian immigrants were executed on August 23, 1927. The public believed their sentences was so harsh because they were immigrants and radicals, not because they were murderers.

New Era

Otherwise known as the "Roaring Twenties", the _______ witnessed the emergence of a distinctive cultural edge in New York, Paris, Berlin, London and many other major cities during a period of sustained economic prosperity. It was an era of social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. "Normalcy" returned to politics in the wake of hyper-emotional patriotism during World War I, jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined modern womanhood, and Art Deco peaked. Economically, the era saw the large-scale diffusion and use of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, and electricity, unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media focused on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars, as cities rooted for their home team and filled the new palatial cinemas and gigantic stadiums. In most major countries women were given the vote for the first time. Finally the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ended the era, as the Great Depression set in worldwide, bringing years of worldwide gloom and hardship.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

The _____ is an African- American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination". Its name, retained in accordance with tradition, uses the once common term colored people.

"New Woman"

The ________ was a feminist ideal that emerged in the late 19th century and had a profound influence on feminism well into the twentieth century. The term ________ was popularized by American writer Henry James, to describe the growth in the number of feminist, educated, independent career women in Europe and the United States.

prohibition

The 18th amendment, banned the sale and consumption of liquor in the United States and led to the rise of bootlegging and gangsters

Sheppard-Towner Act

The Act that provided federal funding for maternity and child care. It was signed by President Warren G. Harding on November 23, 1921.

Model T

The Ford _______, known as the Tin Lizzie, is an automobile that was produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from September 1908 to October 1927. It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American; some of this was because of Ford's innovations, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting. The Ford _______ was named the world's most influential car of the 20th century in an international poll.

Kellogg-Briand pact

The __________ (officially the Pact of Paris) was a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them". Parties failing to abide by this promise "should be denied the benefits furnished by this treaty". It was signed by Germany, France and the United States on August 27, 1928, and by most other nations soon after.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

The __________ was an independent agency of the United States government, established and chartered by the US Congress in 1932, Act of January 22, 1932, c. 8, 47 Stat. 5, during the administration of President Herbert Hoover. It was modeled after the War Finance Corporation of World War I. The agency gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations and other businesses. The loans were nearly all repaid. It was continued by the New Deal and played a major role in handling the Great Depression in the United States and setting up the relief programs that were taken over by the New Deal in 1933.

Teapot Dome

The ___________ scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1922-1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at ___________ and two other locations to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation by Senator Thomas J. Walsh. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies. Before the Watergate scandal, ___________ was regarded as the "greatest and most sensational scandal in the history of American politics". The scandal also was a key factor in posthumously further destroying the public reputation of the Harding administration, which was already unpopular due to its poor handling of the Great Railroad Strike of 1922 and the President's veto of the Bonus Bill in 1922.

Black Star Line

The _____________ was a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey, organizer of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). The shipping line was supposed to facilitate the transportation of goods and eventually African Americans throughout the African global economy. It derived its name from the White Star Line, a line whose success Garvey felt he could duplicate, which would become a standard of his Back-to-Africa movement. It was one among many businesses which the UNIA originated, such as the Universal Printing House, Negro Factories Corporation, and the widely distributed and highly successful Negro World newspaper.

Socialist Party

The ______________ was included within the Progressive Movement. The party dealt with American problems in an American manner. Unlike the Communist Party, the ______________ at that time felt no obligation to adhere to an international party line. For example, people of this party and other progressives campaigned at the local level for municipal ownership of waterworks, gas and electric plants, and made good progress in such endeavors.

Wall Street Crash of 1929

The _______________ began in late October 1929 and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout. The crash signaled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries and did not end in the United States until the onset of American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

The _______________ is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism. Since the mid-20th century, the _____________ has also been anti-communist. The current manifestation is splintered into several chapters with no connections between each other; it is classified as a hate group by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center. It is estimated to have between 3,000 and 5,000 members as of 2012.

National Woman's Party

The _______________ was a women's organization founded by Alice Paul in 1913 that fought for women's rights during the early 20th century in the United States, particularly for the right to vote on the same terms as men. In contrast to other organizations, such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which focused on lobbying individual states (and from which the NWP split), the _______________ put its priority on the passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring women's suffrage.

Scopes Trial

The _______________, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was a famous American legal case in 1925 in which a high school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposefully incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate for the Democrats, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial set modernists, who said evolution was consistent with religion, against fundamentalists who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge. The case was thus seen as both a theological contest and a trial on the veracity of modern science regarding the creation-evolution controversy. The trial is perhaps best known today for serving as the inspiration for the play, and later the movie, Inherit the Wind, both of which were critical successes.

"Scottsboro Boys"

The ________________ were nine black teenage boys accused of rape in Alabama in 1931. The landmark set of legal cases from this incident dealt with racism and the right to a fair trial. The case includes a frame up, all-white jury, rushed trials, an attempted lynching, angry mob, and miscarriage of justice.

Federal Farm Board

The __________________ was actually created in 1929, before the stock market crash on Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929), but its powers were later enlarged to meet the economic crisis farmers faced during the Great Depression. It was established by the Agricultural Marketing Act to stabilize prices and to promote the sale of agricultural products. The board would help farmers stabilize prices by holding surplus grain and cotton in storage. The ______________ was Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression.

Communist Party

The ___________________ is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States, established in 1919. It has a long, complex history that is closely related to the histories of similar ___________________ worldwide and the U.S. labor movement. For the first half of the 20th century, the ___________________ was the largest and most influential ___________________ in the United States. It played a prominent role in the U.S. labor movement from the 1920s through the 1940s, having a major hand in founding most of the country's first industrial unions.

Equal Rights Amendment

The ____________________ was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. The ____________________ was originally written by Alice Paul and, in 1923, it was introduced in the Congress for the first time. In 1972, it passed both houses of Congress and went to the state legislatures for ratification. The ____________________ failed to receive the requisite number of ratifications before the final deadline mandated by Congress of June 30, 1982 expired.

Harlem Renaissance

The ________________________ was a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, many French- speaking black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the ________________________. It was basically a resurgence of literature and humanities in the Harlem area of many black writers, poets, and artists

National Miners Union

The ________________________ was the result of the American Communist Party's decision to no longer "bore from within" established trade unions but instead to create its own unions.

American Federation of Labor

The __________________________________ was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio in May 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association. Samuel Gompers of the Cigar Makers' International Union was elected president of the Federation at its founding convention and was reelected every year except one until his death in 1924. The ______________ was the largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century, even after the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) by unions that were expelled by the ____________________ in 1935 over its opposition to industrial unionism. While the Federation was founded and dominated by craft unions throughout the first fifty years of its existence, many of its craft union affiliates turned to organizing on an industrial union basis to meet the challenge from the CIO in the 1940s. In 1955, the ____________________ merged with its longtime rival, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, to form the _____________-CIO, a federation which remains in place to this day. Together with its offspring, the _____________ has comprised the longest lasting and most influential labor federation in the United States.

Five-Power Naval Treaty of 1922

The nations that won World War I agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction. It was negotiated at the Washington Naval Conference, which was held in Washington, D.C. from November 1921 to February 1922, and signed by the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy. It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers by the signatories.

Dawes Plan

This plan halved Germany's annual reparation payments, initiated fresh American loans to Germany, caused the French to retreat from the Ruhr (an area in Germany they had occupied as a protest against Germany's failure to pay reparations), and got money flowing again in Germany's financial markets.

Lost Generation

This was the name given to describe the generation that fought in World War 1. The massive number of casualties and significant psychological differences from civilians alienated the soldiers from the rest of the population

Henry Louis Mencken

_______ was an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, critic of American life and culture, and a scholar of American English. Known as the "Sage of Baltimore", he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the twentieth century. Many of his books remain in print.

Henry Ford

____ was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although ____ did not invent the automobile; he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford to buy. He introduced the Model-T automobile which revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was also widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I. Early in life he was a machinist who used to take apart and put together mechanized devices, such as watches. He experimented with internal combustion engines.

William Jennings Bryan

_____ was a leading American politician from the 1890s until his death. He was a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States (1896, 1900 and 1908). He served in Congress briefly as a Representative from Nebraska and was the 41st United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1915), taking a pacifist position on the World War. _____ was a devout Christian, a supporter of popular democracy, and an enemy of the gold standard as well as banks and railroads. _____ was a leader of the Silverite movement in the 1890s (silver should be a monetary standard along with gold), a peace advocate, a prohibitionist, and an opponent of Darwinism on religious and humanitarian grounds. With his deep, commanding voice and wide travels, he was one of the best known orators and lecturers of the era. Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people, he was called "The Great Commoner."

Alfred E. Smith

_____ was an American statesman who was elected the 42nd Governor of New York three times and was the Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. He was the foremost urban leader of the efficiency-oriented Progressive Movement and was noted for achieving a wide range of reforms as governor in the 1920s. He was also linked to the notorious Tammany Hall machine that controlled Manhattan politics. _____ was a strong opponent of prohibition and was the first Roman Catholic nominee for President. He opposed immigration quotas, and signed New York's anti- Klan bill.

Sigmund Freud

_____ was an Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. In literary circles he is most recognized for his work in the psychology of the unconscious. _____ chose medicine as a career and qualified as a doctor at the University of Vienna. He undertook research into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy at the Vienna General Hospital. He lectured in neuropathology at the university which post he resigned once he had decided to go into private practice. On the basis of his clinical practice _____ went on to develop theories about the unconscious mind and the mechanism of repression, and created psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Though psychoanalysis has declined as a therapeutic practice, it has helped inspire the development of many other forms of psychotherapy, some diverging from _____'s original ideas and approach. In the early part of the 20th century his work and therapies was generally known and disseminated in popular magazines.

Marcus Garvey

______ was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). He founded the Black Star Line, part of the Back-to-Africa movement, which promoted the return of the African diaspora to their ancestral lands. In short, he was a visionary who urged African Americans to rediscover the heritage of Africa, take pride in their own culture and achievements, and maintain radical purity by avoiding miscegenation (sex with whites or different races).

Margaret Sanger

______ was a crusading pioneer for contraception or birth control. ______ was born on September 14, 1879 and died on September 6, 1966. She was an American birth control activist, sex educator, and nurse. ______ popularized the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established Planned Parenthood. ______'s efforts contributed to the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case which legalized contraception in the United States. ______ is a frequent target of criticism by opponents of birth control and has also been criticized for supporting eugenics, but remains an iconic figure in the American reproductive rights movement.

Norman Thomas

______ was an American Presbyterian minister who achieved fame as a socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. He was the leader of the Socialist Party.

Clarence Darrow

______ was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks (1924) and defending John T. Scopes in the Scopes "Monkey" Trial (1925), in which he opposed William Jennings Bryan (statesman, noted orator, and 3-time presidential candidate). Called a "sophisticated country lawyer", ______ remains notable for his wit and agnosticism, which marked him as one of the most famous American lawyers and civil libertarians.

Langston Hughes

______ was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form jazz poetry. He is best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance. He famously wrote about the period that "the negro was in vogue" which was later paraphrased as "when Harlem was in vogue". This young black poet promoted the Harlem Renaissance and representation for people of color in media.

Herbert Hoover

______ was the 31st President of the United States (1929-1933). ______, born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He personified America's rags-to-riches ideal by rising from a poor Iowa orphan to one of the world's most celebrated mining engineers by the time he was 30. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, ______ easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected- office experience. ______ is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents (along with William Howard Taft) elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for ______ over Democrat Al Smith.

Alphonse (Big Al) Capone

______'s resume read: Gangster, bootlegger, criminal, racketeer, boss of the Chicago Mob. This American gangster, born on January 17, 1899 and died on January 25, 1947, led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. The Chicago Outfit, which subsequently became known as the "______s," was dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities such as prostitution, from the early 1920s to 1931. ______ was born Brooklyn in New York City to Italian immigrants and became involved with gang activity at a young age, being expelled from school at age 14. In his early twenties, he moved to Chicago to take advantage of a new opportunity to make money smuggling illegal alcoholic beverages into the city during Prohibition. He also engaged in various other criminal activities, including bribery of government figures and prostitution. He was the most notorious gang lord of the era. His empire in Chicago was found to have grossed more than $60 million in a single year.

James Weldon Johnson

_______ was an American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights activist. _______, who was born on June 17, 1871 and died on June 26, 1938, is remembered best for his leadership within the NAACP, as well as for his writing, which includes novels, poems, and collections of folklore. He was also one of the first African-American professors at New York University. Later in life he was a professor of creative literature and writing at Fisk University. He wrote the black "national anthem", "Lift Every Voice", as well as "God's Trombones" in which he expressed the wisdom and beauty of black folktales from the South.

Zora Neale Hurston

_______ was an American folklorist, anthropologist, and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Of _______'s four novels and more than 50 published short stories, plays, and essays, she is best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God which explored the complex passions of black people in a southern community.

W.E.B. Du Bois

_______ was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. He was born in western Massachusetts on February 23, 1868 and died on August 27, 1963. He grew up in a tolerant community and experienced little racism as a child. After graduating from Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. He was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. He pursued the passage of a federal anti-lynching law to counter mob violence against blacks in the South.

Warren Gamaliel Harding

_______ was the 29th President of the United States serving from 1921 to 1923. He was a Republican from Ohio, who was an influential self-made newspaper publisher before he became president. He served in the Ohio Senate from 1899 to 1903, as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio from 1904 to 1906 and as a U.S. Senator from 1915 to 1921. He was also the first incumbent United States Senator and the first newspaper publisher to be elected President. It was _______ who first used the phrase "Founding Fathers," including it in his keynote address to the 1916 Republican National Convention. His conservatism, friendly manner, and make-no-enemies campaign strategy made him the compromise choice at the 1920 Republican National Convention. He ran on the promise of returning the nation to "normalcy" or to private pursuits, as opposed to public crusades involving wars. His "America first" campaign encouraged industrialization and a strong economy independent of foreign influence. He departed from the progressive movement that had dominated Congress since President Theodore Roosevelt. In the 1920 election, he and his running mate, Calvin Coolidge, defeated Democrat and fellow Ohio an James M. Cox in the largest presidential popular vote landslide (60.36% to 34.19%) since popular vote totals were first recorded in 1824. He was a practitioner of the spoils system. He died in 1923.

Calvin Coolidge

________ was Harding's vice president. He assumed office when Harding died in 1923. As a result, ________ was the 30th President of the United States serving from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from Vermont, ________ worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His conduct during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small- government conservative, and also as a man who said very little. He continued and extended Harding's policies of promoting business and limiting government.

Aaron Douglas

________ was an African-American painter and a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance. ________, who was born on May 26, 1899 and died on February 3, 1979, studied with Winold Reiss, a German artist who had been hired by Alain Locke (an American writer, philosopher, educator, and patron of the arts) to illustrate The New Negro. Reiss's teaching helped ________ develop the modernist style he would employ for the next decade. ________ combined biblical and African myths in ways that expressed a powerful cultural heritage for African Americans. The style ________ developed in the 1920s synthesized aspects of modern European, ancient Egyptian, and West African art. His best-known paintings are semi-abstract, and feature flat forms, hard edges, and repetitive geometric shapes. Bands of color radiate from the important objects in each painting, and where these bands intersect with other bands or other objects, the color changes.

Flappers

________ were a "new breed" of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior. ________ were seen as brash for wearing excessive makeup, drinking, treating sex in a casual manner, smoking, driving automobiles and otherwise flouting social and sexual norms.

New Negro

_________ is a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. The term "_________" was made popular by Alain LeRoy Locke. They tended to be the more educated of the black people in the Harlem Renaissance

Charles Lindbergh

_________, nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist. As a 25-year-old U.S. Air Mail pilot, _________ emerged suddenly from virtual obscurity to instantaneous world fame as the result of his Orteig Prize-winning solo non-stop flight on May 20-21, 1927, made from Roosevelt Field located in Garden City on New York's Long Island to Le Bourget Field in Paris, France, a distance of nearly 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km), in the single-seat, single-engine purpose built Ryan monoplane Spirit of St. Louis. _________, a U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve officer, was also awarded the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his historic exploit. His child Charles Jr. was kidnapped and murdered in 1932 which created a national sensation.

Ernest Hemingway

_________, who was born on July 21, 1899 and died on July 2, 1961, was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. _________ produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature. His spare, clean style attempted to make his art mirror basic reality.

Welfare Capitalism

__________ refers to capitalist economies that involve a comprehensive social welfare policy in the form of a welfare state, where the welfare state is predominantly financed through taxes levied on privately owned enterprises or through income taxes. Alternatively, __________ refers to the practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees. __________ in this second sense, or industrial paternalism, was centered in industries that employed skilled labor and peaked in the mid-20th century. Utilizing a free market economy but making it impossible to fall below a minimum wealth through the use of welfare

F. Scott Fitzgerald

__________, who born on September 24, 1896 and died on December 21, 1940, was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. __________ is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, his most famous, The Great Gatsby and what is now considered his true masterpiece, Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. __________ also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with despair and age.

mass production

______________ is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines. With job production and batch production it is one of the three main production methods.

Johnson-Reid Act (The Immigration Act of 1924)

_______________(_________) was a United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890, down from the 3% cap set by the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921.

Middletown Studies

_________________ were sociological case studies of the City of Muncie in Indiana conducted by Robert Staughton Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd, husband-and-wife sociologists. The Lynds' findings were detailed in Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture, published in 1929, and Middletown in Transition : A Study in Cultural Conflicts, published in 1937.

Universal Negro Improvement Association

The _________________________ is a Black Nationalist fraternal organization founded by Marcus Garvey. The organization enjoyed its greatest strength in the 1920s, prior to Garvey's deportation from the United States of America, after which its prestige and influence declined. Since a schism in 1949, there have been two organizations claiming the name.