History Chapter 1 and 2

a battle at a small former mission in San Antonio in which Mexican troops killed all of its defenders

Alamo

Federalist law meant to make it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens

Alien Act

a military hero who became President of the United States in 1828 as American democracy expanded

Andrew Jackson

During the War of 1812,

British troops burned the Capitol and the White House.

a mass migration of Americans who hoped to find gold in California

California Gold Rush

_______________ urged people to abandon sin and lead good lives in dramatic sermons at religious revivals.

Charles Grandison Finney

Italian mariner sailing for the Spanish who accidentally encountered the Americas while traveling to the Indies in 1492

Christopher Columbus

What was one consequence of the Second Great Awakening?

Church membership reached record levels in the early 1800s.

1689 document guaranteeing a number of freedoms

English Bill of Rights

an escaped slave who became an eloquent speaker at abolitionist meetings.

Frederick Douglass

young, ambitious Virginian who led colonial troops against the French in 1754

George Washington

a religious movement that occurred in the colonies in the mid-1700s

Great Awakening

Why was Andrew Jackson considered a symbol of American democracy?

He presented himself as an ordinary man.

Which of the following represents William Lloyd Garrison's ideas about slavery?

He wanted all slaves freed immediately.

a writer and abolitionist who went to jail for refusing to pay a tax he felt supported slavery.

Henry David Thoreau

The leader of the public school movement, _____________, believed that education helped people function more effectively in a democracy.

Horace Mann

first representative body in colonial America

House of Burgesses

large territory purchased from France in 1803, doubling the size of the U.S.

Louisiana Purchase

1215 document that limited the king's ability to tax English nobles and that guaranteed due process and a right to trial

Magna Carta

the idea that the United States was destined to own most of all of North America

Manifest Destiny

The religious movement known as the __________________ featured outdoor meetings called revivals that sometimes lasted for a week.

Second Great Awakening

1786 armed revolt by Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays

Shays' Rebellion

a powerful abolitionist lecturer who was a former slave from New York

Sojourner Truth

Which nation first established colonies in both North and South America?

Spain

Many women became interested in reform and women's rights after being active in

The Second Great Awakening

route taken by Cherokee forced from their land in the Southeast to Oklahoma, along which thousands died of disease and hunger

Trail of Tears

treaty signed in 1848 ending the Mexican-American War; gave the U.S. New Mexico and California, and secured the Rio Grande as the border of Texas

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

the campaign for equal rights for women

women's rights movement

the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas following Columbus's journey

Columbian Exchange

The Declaration of Sentiments was modeled on the

Declaration of Independence

a declaration formed at the Seneca Falls Convention that called for greater rights for women

Declaration of Sentiments

Reformer __________________ led efforts to create the first modern mental hospitals.

Dorothea Dix

a law passed in 1830 that sought to exchange Indian lands in the South for land in present-day Oklahoma

Indian Removal

Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention who was a key figure in the writing and ratification of the Constitution

James Madison

The English established their first successful colony at

Jamestown

Jackson's Vice President who championed nullification

John C. Calhoun

Which of the following expanded the power of the Supreme Court?

John Marshall

The founder of the church whose members became known as Mormons was ___________

Joseph Smith

agreement in which pilgrims agreed to form a government and obey its laws

Mayflower Compact

enslaved Africans' transatlantic journey to the Americas on a slave ship

Middle Passage

U.S. policy barring European interference in the Americas

Monroe Doctrine

Daring young Americans who pursued trading in the Rockies were known as

Mountain Men

leader of the best-known slave revolt against owners in the first half of the 1800s.

Nat Turner

route taken to Oregon by westward settlers through the Rockies' South Pass

Oregon Trail

In the early 1800s, which of the following happened to members of the Roman Catholic Church?

Their churches were set on fire

What happened to thousands of Native Americans on the Trail of Tears?

They died from starvation and exposure.

a Quaker who helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society and along with Stanton helped organize the first Women's Rights Convention

a reformer who passionately worked for over 50 years to gain suffrage for women

people who spoke out to end slavery

abolitionists

Which of the following most helped Native American civilizations to grow?

agriculture

Many Americans traveled deep into the Rock Mountains in search of

beaver fur

guarantee of basic freedoms

bill of rights

Andrew Jackson supported states' rights

but did not support nullification.

each branch can check, or limit, the power of the others, preventing a concentration of power

checks and balances

extended family groups upon which most Native American cultures were based

clans

During the Renaissance, European kingdoms....

competed for access to Asia and Africa.

Powers shared by the federal and state government are called...

concurrent powers.

Spanish explorers who established an empire around the Caribbean and throughout Central and South America

conquistadors

Missionaries came to the Americas to

convert Native Americans to Christianity.

invention by Eli Whitney to separate cotton fibers from shells, made slavery more profitable in the South

cotton gin

Reformers thought that prisoners

could become useful members of society.

The Great Compromise appeased southern states by...

counting each slave as three-fifths of a person

suspension of trade

embargo

Americans who favored territorial growth

expansionists

Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States because he felt it

favored the wealthy

Group gatherings of enslaved people were

forbidden

In the 1800s, Jews in America were not allowed to

hold public office

Which of the following was the most common method of traveling westward across the country?

in groups of covered wagons

What development in the early 1800s gave women more opportunities in the work-place?

industrializaion

power of the court to declare an act of Congress or the President unconstitutional

judicial review

Most scientists believe that the first inhabitants of the Americas....

migrated from Asia tens of thousands of years ago.

The British Parliament needed colonists to pay new taxes to

pay Britain's debt from the French and Indian Wars.

Alexander Hamilton believed that a national bank would

promote the general welfare.

In 1498, Vasco da Gama of Portugal

reached India

It was against the law to teach an enslaved person to

read

The Articles of Confederation.....

reserved most power for the states

government functions are divided between three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial

separation of powers

the use of political jobs to reward party loyalty

spoils system

Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution because they wanted a...

strong federal government

the right to vote

suffrage

The Industrial Revolution entailed a

surge in the building of factories to produce textiles and other goods.

What became the southern border of Texas after the Mexican-American War?

the Rio Grande

Some people opposed the abolition of slavery because

the economy of the nation would suffer.

Thousands of Native Americans died as a result of

the spread of European diseases.