History Chapter 13

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848

ended the Mexican War.

When James K. Polk assumed the presidency, he had a clearly defined set of goals. Which of the following was not an initial key goal?

establish a slave-free state in the West

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined.

President Zachary Taylor felt southern leaders were holding California hostage in talks of the Compromise of 1850. Had it not been for Taylor's successor, Franklin Pierce, throwing support behind Henry Clay's suggestions, it is likely debate would have continued.

false

The Crittenden Compromise would have guaranteed the end to slavery in states where it existed already, after a seven-year cooling-off period.

false

The Free Soil Party contended that the western lands should stay "free" of settlement by the United States.

false

The Gadsden Purchase was a parcel of land the United States bought from France a few years before purchasing Alaska from Russia.

false

The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against slavery.

false

Under the Fugitive Slave Act, no slaves were ever actually returned to the South.

false

In 1853-1854, President Millard Fillmore dispatched American warships to Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry in an effort to

force a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States.

Which of the following pieces of the statue atop the Capitol building in Washington, D.C., was part of a controversy concerning slavery?

her cap

A slave craftsman named Philip Reed directed the assembly of the statue that adorns the top of the Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C.

true

Abraham Lincoln was a critic of the Mexican War, questioning whether the Mexicans had actually inflicted casualties on American soil.

true

During the mid-1850s, Kansas witnessed a series of bloody conflicts between pro- and antislavery groups.

true

For almost a decade, from the mid-1830s to 1845, the Republic of Texas was neither part of the United States nor part of Mexico.

true

In response to the nomination of Stephen Douglas's Democratic candidacy, seven of the southern delegates

walked out of the convention

Henry Clay lost the 1844 election, a major factor in this loss was because

James G. Birney, running on the liberty party ticket, received 16,000 votes in New York

In the 1844 presidential election,

James K. Polk, a slaveholder, was the Democratic Party's nominee.

The initial fighting of the Civil War began when

Jefferson Davis ordered batteries to fire on Fort Sumter

In the presidential election of 1848,

Martin Van Buren ran for president as a candidate of the Free Soil Party.

Which was not part of the Irish experience on their arrival in the United States in the late 1840s and 1850s?

Soon after their arrival, most Irish became strong proponents of the Republican Party.

Which of the following was not a feature of the rise of southern nationalism during the late 1850s?

a high-level conspiracy to take over the federal government through a military coup

The Fugitive Slave Act

allowed special federal commissioners to determine the fate of alleged fugitives without the benefit of a jury trial or testimony by the accused individual

When California became a state in 1850,

it entered the Union as a free state.

The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called

manifest destiny.

Which of the following territories did not come to the United States as a result of its victory in the Mexican War?

present-day Kansas

When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution

protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

In the 1850s, two great areas of industrial production had arisen in consequence of the market revolution. These were

the Atlantic Coast from Baltimore to Boston, and the cities around the Great Lakes.

The first American conflict to be fought primarily on foreign soil and the first in which American troops occupied a foreign capital was

the Mexican War.

The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of

the discovery of gold

The Free Soil Party's platform called for

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

According to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act,

the question of whether slavery would be allowed in these territories would be decided by local (white) settlers.

By the 1850s, fewer than 1,000 blacks lived in California.

true

In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize.

true

During the early 1800s, the territory between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande was claimed by both Texas and Mexico but was actually controlled by

Comanche Indians

Which was not part of Lincoln's appeal to northern voters in the 1860 election?

As an earlier candidate of the Know-Nothing Party, he appealed to immigrant voters.

The first state to secede the Union was also the state with the highest percentage of slaves in its population-

South Carolina

In the early decades of the 1800s, the population living in Texas who were non-Indian and of Spanish origin were called _________.

Tejanos

Abraham Lincoln reentered politics in 1854 as a result of

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

At the 1860 Democratic convention, Douglas's supporters felt they had a majority, yet

did not have the 2/3rd required for a presidential nomination

A series of revolutions in Europe—in England, France, Italy, and Germany—succeeded in permanently making those countries republics.

false

As a result of the gold in the mid-1800s, the California state legislature imposed a tax of twenty dollars per month on Indians, but allowed foreign miners to conduct business tax free.

false

By 1850, the South's railroad networks accounted for approximately 50 percent of the lines in the nation.

false

Following the Texas Revolt of 1835-1836, the newly formed Republic of Texas resisted annexation by the United States.

false

In his 1858 Senate campaign against Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln called for the immediate abolition of slavery.

false

In the famous brawl on the floor of Congress, Senator Charles Sumner was beat unconscious by Congressman Preston S. Brooks over the issue of railroad development.

false

John Brown was a Confederate hero martyred in his attempt to preserve what is now West Virginia as a slave state.

false

There were calls by some expansionists for the United States to annex all of Mexico, yet the movement failed because

the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population.

Between 1848 and 1860, American trade with China

tripled

As late as 1860, California's population of men outnumbered women by nearly three to one.

true

Born during George Washington's presidency, James Buchanan had served in Pennsylvania's legislature, in both houses of Congress, and as secretary of state under James K. Polk before he was elected president.

true

By 1840, California was already commercially linked with the United States.

true

By 1860, New York City had become the nation's financial, commercial, and manufacturing center.

true

By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die.

true

In their initial pronouncements, Confederate leaders stressed the preservation of white supremacy and slavery.

true

John Brown and his followers murdered five supporters of slavery at Pottawatomie Creek in May 1856.

true

Lincoln shared many of the racial prejudices of his day, including opposing Illinois blacks the right to vote or serve on juries.

true

Margaret Garner, a slave who had escaped to Ohio, killed her own daughter rather than see her returned to slavery by federal marshals.

true

Shortly after the Dred Scott decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, Scott and his wife were emancipated.

true

Victory over Mexico in the Mexican War added more area to the United States than had the Louisiana Purchase.

true

When James K. Polk ran for president in the election of 1844, he was considered America's first "dark horse" candidate as his nomination was completely unexpected.

true

When the Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah was part of Mexico.

true

The Republican Party, founded in 1854,

was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers.

By 1860, nearly 300,000 men, women, and children had traveled overland to Oregon and California.

true

In the Compromise of 1850,

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.