History Chapter 3 Questions

A mentor-protégé relationship whereby a male adolescent would learn from an older man by accompanying him in the course of his public functions, athletic exercises, and social interactions

Which of the following was one of the educational traditions of the Golden Age Athens?

Traveling teachers who - for a fee - taught students philosophy and rhetoric

Who were the Sophists?

Herodotus of Halicarnassus

Whose "The Histories" depicted the Persian Wars as a clash between East and West?

The demand was greater in Athens, since aspiring politicians needed the training in rhetoric that the Sophists offered

Why did Athens attract more Sophists than other similarly sized Greek city-states?

used its control of the league fleet to coerce dues from weaker members.

The Delian League ensured that its members were protected from Persian attack but aroused the anger of many of its small member because Athens...

the Athenians in the presence of the gods

The Parthenon's frieze exemplifies Athenian confidence because it portrays...

individuals who lacked political rights

The majority of Athens's population consisted of...

Hippocrates

What Greek physician was regarded as a pioneer in using clinical observation to make medical diagnoses and may have been the author of the view that the human body consists of four humors, or fluids?

Secret knowledge and divine protection

What did initiates into Greek mystery cults generally hope to obtain?

The Athenians aided the Greek Ionian city-states in their uprising against the Persian overlords.

What did the Athenians do that so enraged the Persian king Darius I?

A manner of teaching that features relentless questioning

What does "the Socratic method" refer to?

Themistocles

What farsighted leader convinced the Athenians to invest their resources of precious metals in the navy and later led the Athens during the great Persian invasion of Greece?

Corinth, a Spartan ally, threatened to ally itself with Athens if Sparta did not intervene on its behalf to prevent future Athenian aggression.

What finally convinced Sparta to send Athens an ultimatum demanding that it curtail its aggressive foreign policy?

The Spartans enlisted the help of the Persians to build a navy that could force the Athenians to surrender.

What finally led to Athenian defeat and the conclusion of the Peloponnesian War?

40 percent

What percentage of the Athenian population of 250,000 during Pericles' time do historians estimate were slaves?

To avoid land battles whenever possible while attacking Sparta and its allies by sea

What was Pericles' strategy for defeating the superior Spartan army?

Providing a modest salary to any officeholder selected by lottery, thus enabling even poor men to serve as public officials

What was one of Pericles' most important democratic innovations?

Metics

What was the term used for foreigners who received permanent residence status in exchange for paying taxes and serving in the military?

proclaimed an amnesty to prevent further civil disorder.

When the Thirty Tyrants were overthrown in 403 BCE, the Athenians restored their democracy and...

Aristophanes

Which Athenian dramatist satirized the Sophists for making "the weaker argument the stronger"?

They worried that the poor, who lacked proper education and moral values, would exploit majority rule to pass laws against the wealthy.

Why did some Athenians criticize democracy and argue in favor of oligarchy?

The Athenian diplomats offered the Persians tokens that signified Athens's submission to Persian authority.

Why did the Persians believe that the Athenians had agreed to behave as loyal Persian subjects?

The Greeks so valued their political freedom that they joined forces to preserve it.

Why do historians consider the Greek victory over the far more numerous Persians during the great Persian invasion of 480-479 BCE to have been truly remarkable?

All citizens, regardless of wealth, enjoyed equal protection under the law because the court system was removed from elite control.

Why have historians described the democracy created in mid-fifth-century Athens under Pericles as "radical"?

The Greeks forced the Persians to fight in a narrow strait between the island of Salamis and the coast, where their sturdier ships rammed the flimsier Persian ships.

Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persian fleet in the battle of Salamis in 480 BCE?

disturbed Athenians who feared that Athens would lose favor with the gods.

A philosopher friend of Pericles who argued that the sun was not a god, and another who believed that all matter consisted of tiny particles in constant motion...

Pericles argued that giving in to Sparta's demand would be a sign of weakness and would only encourage Sparta to take further advantage of Athens.

According to Thucydides, what reason did Pericles offer for rejecting Sparta's ultimatum?

became the basis for the Athenian Empire, because Athens required the other member city-states to fund warships built and manned by Athenians.

After the Persian Wars, a formal defensive that included city-states in northern Greece, on the Aegean islands, and along the Ionian coast...

Sicily

Athens met with disaster when its generals attempted to conquer Sparta's allies in...

end the Peloponnesian War and restore ordinary life.

Aristophanes' comedy "Lysistrata" (411 BCE) portrayed women seizing the initiative and acting aggressively against men in order to...

won a lawsuit filed against him by a major Athenian political figure who disliked the way he was portrayed in one of Aristophanes' comedies.

Aristophanes, an Athenian playwright whose comedies made harsh references to prominent leaders...

Pericles

Aspasia of Miletus exhibited so much knowledge and brilliance that which high-ranking Athenian politician wished to marry her?

taxes on trade and Delian League dues

Athens's wealth during the Golden Age largely derived from...

depicting their subjects in a state of movement

Golden Age sculptors shattered traditions from the Archaic Age not only by creating realistic and perfectly formed bodies, but also by...

illustrating conflicts and moral dilemmas that pertained to the society of citizens in a city-state.

Greek tragedies played a significant role in Greek society by...

triremes

Greek warships propelled by 170 rowers on three levels and equipped with a battering ram at the bow were known as...

mystery cults such as the cult of Demeter

Greeks in search of a personal religion that addressed both life on earth and the afterlife joined...

the Greeks put forward innovations in architecture, sculpture, drama, and philosophy.

Historians refer to the period from around 500 to around 400 BCE as the Golden Age of Greece because during this period...

They insisted that women needed to be protected from seducers and rapists.

How did Athenians traditionally justify restricting women's freedom of movement?

Comedies were openly critical of contemporary people and policies

How did Golden Age comedies differ from tragedies?

By granting citizenship only to those children whose mother and father were both Athenian by birth

How did Pericles make citizenship more exclusive?

They pressed for judicial reform and equal treatment under the law.

How did ordinary male citizens contribute to the development of Athenian radical democracy?

He insisted that absolute truth did not exist because every issue had two irreconcilable sides.

How did the fifth-century Sophist Protagoras offend many Athenians?

They took place during the daytime in an outdoor theater.

How did the performances of Greek tragedies in ancient Athens differ from most performances today?

symposia

Important discussions about politics, philosophy, and social matters often took place at drinking parties for upper-class Greek men called...

violent arrogance

In Greek tragedies, leading characters, usually the high and mighty, suffered a reversal of fortune because of hubris, a Greek term for...

describing the moral failures and miscalculations of the Greeks.

In his "History of the Peloponnesian War", the Greek historian Thucydides broke with tradition by...

use the Athenian fleet to support an uprising in Egypt against the Persians.

Pericles, a skilled orator and leading Athenian democrat, made a major blunder in the late 450s BCE when he urged Athens to...

make ethics and morality the main focus of his teachings.

Socrates was the first philosopher in ancient Greece to...

Despotism by any individual who had become so popular that he might overthrow the democracy.

The procedure known as ostracism in fifth-century BCE Athens served as a safeguard against which of the following?