History Chapter 5 Study Guide
What is the "Concord Hymn"?
A poem written by Ralph Waldo Emerson about the "shot heard round the world"
Define rebellion
A rejection of British authority
Who was Thomas Paine? What role did he play in the American Revolution?
An English writer who wrote common sense where he expressed his POV about the fight for American Independance
Who is George Greenville?
Britain's Prime Minister who was tasked with preventing smuggling
Who was victorious at the Battle of Bunker Hill? What became clear after this fight?
Britain, that defeating the Americans wasn't easy
Define repeal
Cancel
Who was chosen to lead the Continental army?
George Washington
What was the sugar acts purpose?
It lowered the taxes, and to appease colonists
List attendees of the Continental Congress
John & Samuel Adams, John Lay, Lee & Patrick Henry, George Washington, and Richard Henry
Who signed the declaration first?
John Hancock
Who's was president of the Second Continental Congress?
John Hancock
Where did there American Revolution begin?
Lexington & Concord
Define boycott
Refuse to buy items to show disapproval
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is
The rights of all citizens
What did Parliament pass in 1764?
The sugar act
What's is the famous quote Patrick Henry said at the Continental Congress meeting?
"The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers and New Englanders are no more, I am not a Virginian, but an American"
What did George III declare after hearing of the Boston Tea Party?
"We must either master them or totally leave them to themselves"
What was the Continental Congress and what was its purpose?
55 delegates that would represent Americans and defend colonists from Britain
Who was Thomas Gage? What was his role?
A British general, to seize the weapons from Massachusetts
Who was Crispus Attucks?
A dockworker who was part African and part American, 1st colonist dead, and his story was used as propaganda
Define resolution
A formal expression of option by group
Who was James Otis and how is he important to the American Revolution?
A lawyer in boston, he argued that no parts of English colonies can be taxed without their consent made the famous saying "no taxation without representation"
Who was Charles Ingrid? What reasons did he give for not going to war with Britain?
A loyalists, because of the violence, he wrote an essay "Interest of America impartiality stated"
Who is Patrick Henry? What role did he play in the events leading to the revolution?
A member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, he got the Burgesses to assemble and to take action so that they were the only ones who could tax people.
What are the Green Mountain Boys?
A militia of Ethan Allen's men in New York
According to the declaration, what option do people have if their government infringes these rights?
Abolish it,and institute a new one
Define usurpations
An unjust seizing of power
Define prohibit
Barred, not allowed
Why did the sugar act anger the colonists?
Britain had a right to seize goods that might've been smuggled, and colonists believed in violated their rights
How was the colonial militia important to the colonies in earlier days? How had they changed as tensions rose with Britain
Colonists long times of serving towns however as militias trained they stockpiled
What is a Patriot?
Colonists who wanted independence from Britain
List the grievances stated in the Declaration of Independence
Cutting off trade, no taxation without representation, ignoring colonists for petition
What is the writs of assistance?
Documents that allowed officers to search almost anywhere
What happened the night of April 18, 1775. Summarize events and people involved
Dr. Joseph Warren saw British troops leaving Boston and alerted sons of liberty, Paul Revere and someone got arrested trying to tell people,and Samuel Prescott finished giving the message to Concord
True or False: the American Revolution was only a battle between American & Britain
False, civil war: loyalists vs. patriots
Who "endowed" the people of the colonies with "unalienable" rights?
God
How was the English philosopher John Locke involved?
He explained why the 13 colonies were proclaiming their freedom, and people were born with certain rights turned to happiness
Who is Samuel Adams? How did he escalate tension with the British?
He organized the committee of correspondence, he helped start the sons of liberty, he put up posters that described the Boston Massacre
Define animosity
Hostility
Define revenue
Income
Define propaganda
Information designed to influence opinion
What did the Parliament pass in 1767? How did this affect the colonists?
It passed the Townshend Acts, it taxed imported goods & and British taxes argued the colonists
What was the Parliament's response to stronger boycotts of British goods following the Boston Massacre?
It repealed all the taxed imposed by the Townshend Acts on British goods, but tea, the Tea Act was passed to protect British tea company
What is the Stamp Act? How did it affect the colonists?
It was passed in 1765, and it taxed almost all printed materials, and it outraged the colonists
What is natural rights?
Lists of the rights of the citizens
When did the Second Continental Congress assemble? For what purpose?
May 10, 1775, because the British & colonists argued, and failed to address colonists complaints
Who was Paul Revere? List two ways he was influential during this time
Member of the sons of liberty, part of committee of correspondence, he made an engraving of a British officer, used propaganda, and rode through towns saying the British are coming.
Define minutemen
Militias that bragged they would be ready in a minute's notice
List the four parts of the Declaration of Independence?
Preamble, natural rights, list of grievances, resolution of independence
What did the king do in response to the petition?
Rejected it and prepared for war
What did the delegates vote on and discuss at the Continental Congress?
Repeal 13 acts of Parliament, boycott British trade, and colonists arm themselves
How did the colonists respond to the reading of the declaration?
Repeated cheers, firing of musketry, and canons & bonfires
Who organized the committee of correspondence, and for what purpose?
Samuel Adams, to be used in protests & circulate calls for action
Who carried the warning all the way to Concord?
Samuel Prescott
What did they do as a last ditch effort to avoid all-out war with Britain?
Sent a petition to King George III "Olive Branch Petition"
What was colonial response to the levied taxes?
Smuggling
Define effigy
Stuffed figures made to look like unpopular tax collectors (individual)
Define advocate?
Supporter
Define occupy
Take control of
What happened on July 2, 1776?
The 2nd Continental Congress voted for (Lee's resolution) for independence
Who was on the committee to write the Declaration of Independence?
The Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman
What happened in March 5, 1770? How did this escalate tensions?
The Boston Massacre, (British knocked down, shots fired, 5 colonists died), they said that they did not send for them, adn they could drive them away
What did the Parliament pass in 1774 that the colonists referred to as "in tolerable acts". What was their intended purpose?
The Coercive Acts to punish colonists for resisting British authority, they also passed the Quebec Act which created government for Canada
What is the Resolution of Independence?
The colonists are free & independent states
What is the list of grievances?
The colonists complaints against British government
What is the Proclamation of 1763, and how did it affect colonists
The king had to protect the land, it allowed Britain to control west fur trade, meant to keep peace, and it prohibited colonist from living west of the appalachian mountains or on Native American land
What does "trial by jury" mean?
The people have the right to atrial the jury by peers (innocent till proven guilty)
What is the Boston Tea Party? Who was involved and why.
The sons of liberty were dressed as native Americans, and they dumped all the tea into the water because they didn't like that they kept sending the tea
What was Richard Henry Lee's resolution?
These colonies are free & independent states, and the political conflict with Britain be squashed
How did Thomas Paine's work greatly influence colonist opinion about independence?
They didn't want to remain a part of Britain anymore
How did Britain retaliate after Boston Tea party incident?
They forced colonists to have British soldiers live among them, and banned town meetings in Massachusetts, and stopped shipments of food
Why did the British levy taxes on the colonies in 1763?
They needed income to pay for troops (debt from the French and Indian war)
What did Parliament pass in 1766?
They repealed the Stamp Act, and passed the Declaratory Act
Who was ultimately the author?
Thomas Jefferson
What is a loyalist?
Those who sided with Britain
What was the purpose of the 10,000 British troops sent to the colonies in 1763?
To enforce the proclamation of 1763, and keep the peace with the native Americans
Define renounce
To give up or abandon
How were the "red coats" received by the colonists? Why?
Very badly, they were poor, rude, stole from local shops, took their jobs, slept wherever they wanted, and fought with colonists
What's happened in March of 1776-what was the result?
Washington sneak attacked Britain, and Britain retreated
What is the preamble?
Why the Continental Congress drew up the declaration
