History Chapter Nine Sections 1-2 Test
Magyars.
A Central Asian tribe from western Asia that moved into Europe through the Northern European plain. They came to Europe and settled in Hungary.
Vikings.
A Germanic people; loved adventure and the spoils of war and new avenues of trade caused them to invade. The pirates of the Middle Ages. First known visitors to North America.
Chivalry.
A code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold; the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold.
Eleanor of Aquitaine.
A dominant female ruler (scarce) who ruled the province of Aquitaine in France.
Bishopric.
A group of Christian communities, or parishes, under the authority of a bishop. Better known as a diocese.
Monk.
A man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God; monks live in monasteries headed by abbots. Copied Bibles, classical Latin manuscripts, etc.
Vassal.
A man who served a lord in a military capacity.
Ordeal.
A means of determining guilt in Germanic law, based on the idea of divine intervention: if the accused person was unharmed after a physical trial, he or she was presumed innocent. A test of innocence or guilt determined by divine intervention.
Knight.
A member of the heavily armored cavalry.
Tournaments.
Contests where knights could show their fighting skills (such as jousts used to keep knights busy during peacetime and help them prepare for war).
Saint Benedict.
In the sixth century, he founded a community of monks for which he wrote a set of rules. This community established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church.
They had actual duties every day and the only time they did not do stuff communally was when they were copying manuscripts. They gathered seven times a day to pray Sain benedict originated the order of benedictine monks.
List the daily activities of the Benedictine monks.
Monasticism.
Practice of living the life of a monk.
Pepin.
One of the mayors of the palace (chief officers of the king's household) who took the logical step of assuming the kingship of the Frankish state for himself and his family.
The Germanic family was the most important social bond, even the extended family. Like if someone committed a crime against a family you would be needed to pay a wergild because the family was so important and if it wasn't paid then the family of the victim could start a blood feud (alternative of a wergild).
Summarize the crucial social bond among the Germanic peoples and one area of its application.
Pope.
The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. From the Latin word "papa" which means "father."
The North European Plain, It was like a highway with no barriers.
What geographic feature gave rise to the migration of Central Asians to Europe? What was it?
Old English.
What language did the Anglo-Saxons speak?
He eventually turned them away from Islam, thus uniting them under the Roman Catholic Church. He also allowed them to keep their own forms of government, as long as they continued to obey and pay tribute to him. His ultimate goal as a ruler was to have complete control and become an ultimate ruler but it never happened. Because he was a CHristian, however, he had to carry out the wishes with the Pope (Leo).
What significance did Charlemagne's coronation as Roman emperor have to the development of European civilization?
Ostrogoths and Visigoths.
What two Germanic tribes wore Rome down so that the Vandals could eventually sack her?
Germanic.
What type of a people were the Anglo-Saxons?
Germanic.
What type of peoples were the Ostrogoths?
The Ostrogoths went South and the Visigoths went West.
When the division of the goths occurred and the goths were on the border of Europe, where did each group go?
Italy.
Where did the Ostrogoths move to occupy?
Both sides of the Baltic Sea, in Scandinavia.
Where did the Ostrogoths originally come from?
Britain.
Where were the Anglo-Saxons from?
Spain.
Where would you find descendants of Visigoths today?
The Goths from Central Asia.
Who are the Ostrogoths and Visigoths descendants of?
King Clovis.
Who defeated the Visigoths?
Scriptoria.
Writing rooms where monks copied, not only the works of early Christianity, such as the Bible, but also the works of Latin classical authors.
Wergild.
"Money for a man," the value of a person in money, depending on social status; in Germanic society, a fine paid by a wrongdoer to the person he or she had injured or killed. A fine.
Missionary.
A person sent out to carry a religious message.
Clovis.
A strong military leader who around 500 became the first Germanic ruler (Frankish King) to convert to Christianity.
Gregory I.
A strong pope of the sixth century, who strengthened the power of the papacy (office of the pope) and the Roman Catholic Church.
Nun.
A woman who separates herself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate herself to God; nuns live in convents headed by abbesses.
Charlemagne.
Charles Martel who became known as Charles the Great. He was a determined and decisive king who was highly intelligent and curious. He was a fierce warrior, a strong statesman, and a pious Christian. He basically was the reason Europe did not become an Islamic state. He defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours. He wanted ultimate control not the Pope Leo III having lots of power as set up by Gregory I. Didn't like it but accepted it.
Feudalism.
Political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages, when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service (like the shogunate of Japan and the Catholic Church); finding a powerful lord who could offer protection in return for service. (King-Pope, Lord-Bishop, Vassal-Missi Dominic, Vassal- Missi Dominic, Serfs-Parishes.)
Fief.
The grant of land made to a vassal; the vassal held political authority within it.
Abbess.
The head of a convent. Known today as a "mother superior."
Feudal Contract.
The unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal.
