HISTORY EXAM 1
A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was
"Dollar Diplomacy."
President Theodore Roosevelt's reform program was called the
"Square Deal."
How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?
10 million
In what year did Congress grant citizenship to all Native Americans?
1924
Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of women's suffrage?
Alice Paul
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?
Booker T. Washington
In 1875, as sentiment arose to restrict Chinese immigration, Congress passed a law excluding which of the following people from entering the country?
Chinese women
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
By 1912, the Socialist Party had dwindled, losing many of their political office posts and lessening ties with radical newspapers and magazines.
False
Ironically, the Farmers' Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers.
False
Most Progressives opposed America's entry into World War I as jingoistic, imperialist venturing.
False
One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men.
False
The American Federation of Labor mainly represented unskilled industrial workers.
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region--only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
Which of the following is attributed to Louis D. Brandeis?
He felt the foremost social problem in America was the contradiction between political liberty and industrial slavery.
Which of the following is attributed to William "Big Bill" Haywood?
He was accused of instigating the murder of a former anti-union governor
Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?
It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.
What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?
It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.
Why did the Society of American Indians form in 1911?
It was formed to provide Native Americans with remedies for social injustice.
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to
Kansas
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?
Knights of Labor
In Wabash v. Illinois, this prior ruling was essentially reversed.
Munn v. Illinois
Which of the following was a principle of the American Federation of Labor?
Organized labor should pursue concrete gains rather than dreamy reforms.
What U.S. President, a century after the rise of exclusionary immigration laws passed by Congress in the late 1800s, generated a bitter public and international debate for launching an effort to build an actual wall along the U.S.-Mexico border?
President Donal Trump
The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from
Sherman's Field Order 15.
The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?
Statue of Liberty
In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?
They should have no role in shaping policies.
"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.
True
Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.
True
By 1890, the majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states.
True
By 1910, more than 40 percent of New York City's population had been born abroad.
True
By 1918, the wealthiest Americans were paying 60 percent of their income in taxes.
True
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
True
Cities expanded so rapidly that by 1920 for the first time more Americans lived in towns and cities than in rural areas.
True
During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.
True
Following the outbreak of World War I, the Allied and Central Powers each acted to block American trade with their adversaries.
True
In 1900, the Foraker Act declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," meaning it was different from previous territories in the West.
True
In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks.
True
Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.
True
Ten of the twelve states that by 1916 had adopted women's suffrage were carried by Wilson in the election that year; without women's votes, Wilson would not have been reelected.
True
The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party
True
The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba whenever it saw fit.
True
The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."
True
Twenty million people were killed by the flu (epidemic of influenza) at the end of World War I.
True
The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?
Tulsa, Oklahoma
This federal agency presided over all elements of war production from the distribution of raw materials to the prices of manufactured goods.
War Industries Board
Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of
William Taft
In her influential book, Women and Economics, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reinforced this idea.
Women's freedom lay through the workplace rather than only the domestic scene.
In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from
a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.
The "Open Door" Policy refers to
a key principle of U.S. foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade and investment.
The term "Progressive" that came into common use around 1910 describes
a loosely defined political movement of people who hoped to bring about social and political change in American life.
The Committee on Public Information (CPI) flooded the country with prowar propaganda, describing Germany as
a nation of barbaric Huns led by an autocratic Kaiser aligned against freedom.
A "carpetbagger" was
a northerner who settled in the South after the war.
Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?
a pan-Indian movement that involved singing, dancing, and religious observances
The "subtreasury plan" was
a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.
Which of the following was a reason for America's imperial expansion?
a quest on the part of business for new markets and natural resources
Which of the following was a major factor in the creation of a rapid and profound economic revolution in the United States after the Civil War?
abundant natural resources
The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and
after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram.
Which of the following was a military technology used during World War I?
airplanes
The 1914 Ludlow Massacre was
an attack by an armed militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado.
William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was
an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.
In 1903, for the first time in U.S. history, Congress passed a law declaring that a person holding a specific political viewpoint could be banned from entering the nation. These were the
anarchists
During the Progressive era, economic production shifted from capital goods to
consumer products.
What were critics of immigration worried about during this time period? (late 1800-early-1900)
declining birth rate among white women
The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871
defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses.
In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was
disproportionate, as the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.
One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to
ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.
The Progressive era was a time of
explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, increased industrial production, and a "Golden Age" for agriculture.
What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?
freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men
Which of the following was a strategy of the Populists?
holding public events to give their followers a sense of power and community
The series of mass strikes called the "Uprising of the 20,000" in New York included
immigrant workers who wanted the right to bargain collectively with their employers.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because
it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.
The Black Codes were
laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.
The 1887 Dawes Act
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
President Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image was called
liberal internationalism
Between 1901 and 1920, the U.S. marines landed in Caribbean countries
more than twenty times.
By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?
one-third
A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger
opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.
Those who embraced the new "bohemia" included
people who rejected conventional rules and practices.
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of
removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."
The Redeemers in the South
slashed state budgets and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.
What product ultimately led the United States in part to annex the Hawaiian islands in the late 1890s?
sugar
Founded in 1867, this group claimed more than 700,000 members in the mid-1870s, who called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges.
the Grange
The idea of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience, was called
the Lost Cause
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay regarding China?
the Open Door policy
The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called
the Roosevelt Corollary
President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a settlement of
the Russo-Japanese War in Asia of 1905.
The "splendid little war" of 1898 was
the Spanish-American War.
Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that
the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by
the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.
The Reconstruction amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped to create
the first national biracial democracy in world history.
Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as
the moving assembly line.
Causes of the "new immigration" included
the outbreak of revolutions and warfare outside of the United States.
What activity made the postemancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?
the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery
Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that
the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.
Of all the mass consumption activities, this was the most popular form of mass entertainment.
vaudeville
Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction
were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.
Which of the following were sources of violence in America during the Gilded Age?
white supremacist southern attacks on African Americans
