History Exam 2
In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.
12.
After the British prohibited slavery in _______, Ashante merchants in West Africa switched to providing commodities that were in great demand in industrializing Britain.
1807
After a revolt by the Egyptian army, a British military force occupied the Ottoman province in ________.
1882.
Slavery ended in Brazil in _________.
1888
Italy's imperialist dreams in Africa were stymied by its crushing defeat at the battle of Adowa in ________, in which one-third of its army was killed by Ethiopian forces.
1896.
Louis XVI held an assembly of the ________, at Versailles to address France's financial problems.
Estates-General
Between 1850 and 1900 the standard of living improved in Latin America due to:
Export-led growth
Continuing the repressive policies of his father, Nicholas launched a pogrom of Russian _________ in 1903-1906, triggering mass emigrations.
Jews
What American colony did Britain try to isolate from the Continental Association after it had decided on an economic boycott of Britain?
Massachusetts
The US Constitution seemed to embody many of the ideals of the Enlightenment, except for:
The issue of slavery.
Who made up the "third estate" in France?
The peasants.
In an address to the National Assembly on October 10, 1789, Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin argued that:
There should be a machine that could behead people painlessly.
In 1911 the Austrian composer and theoretician Arnold Schoenberg created a new, modern style of musical composition called:
Twelve tone music.
Simón Bolívar received military aid from Haiti's president in exchange for:
The ending of slavery.
Uprisings, like the one in Berlin above, broke out throughout Europe in _____.
1848
One of the results of the revolutions of 1848 was:
The election of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte as president of France.
Among the causes espoused by the Paris Commune of 1871 was:
The separation of church and state and a confiscation of church properties.
In 1811, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla:
Was captured and executed by loyal Spanish forces.
E. D. Morel was able to publicize the mistreatment and exploitation of African slave labor on Belgian rubber plantations in Congo through a newspaper called the_____________.
West African Mail
When the _________ in 1849 authorized warships to enter Brazilian waters to intercept slave ships, the importation of slaves virtually ceased.
British
The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.
Darwinism.
According to its cultivation system in Indonesia, the Dutch forced native farmers either to grow government crops on 20 percent of their land or work for _____ days per year on Dutch plantations.
60.
_______ published his Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776.
Adam Smith
After its independence in 1821, who became the first ruler of Mexico?
Agustín de Iturbide
The assassination of ________ in 1881 by a leftist terrorist organization impatient for further reforms triggered a repressive backlash from the next tsar.
Alexander II
________ was the crucial first step of a European power—in this instance France—seizing provinces of the Ottoman Empire in competition with the Russians, while officially protecting its integrity.
Algeria.
The constitution introduced by Pedro I of Brazil in 1823:
Concentrated most powers in his hands.
As a way to coerce African labor to produce rubber in the _________ Congo, mercenaries used mutilation, random killing, village burning, starvation, and hostage taking.
Belgian.
The first Amerindian to accede to the office of President of Mexico was:
Benito Juárez
Juana Azurduy de Padilla played an instrumental role in the establishment of the nation of ________.
Bolivia
Which colonial power could be found on every continent?
Britain
A ________ sect called the White Lotus sparked a rebellion against the Qing soon after the Qianlong emperor stepped down from his throne in 1795.
Buddhist
Landowners of self-sufficient plantations in many parts of Latin America supported governmental ____________, the same kind of authoritarian and paternalistic form of action that they practiced on their estates.
Caudillismo
The successor of Louis XVIII of France, __________, took the extreme course of restoring the property of the aristocracy lost during the Revolution.
Charles X
The ______ victory in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884) resulted in the annexation of Peruvian and Bolivian territory, together with the destruction Peruvian territory wrought by the enemy's troops.
Chilean
Some 235,000 _________ "coolies" were brought to Peru, Cuba, and Costa Rica, working in silver mines, sugar and cotton plantations, and later on railroads-and only about 10% of them returned home.
Chinese
Australia, although a colony, was a ___________ region that sought its wealth through export-led growth.
Commodity-rich.
Due in large part to concerns for the domestic woolen industry, the British Parliament enacted legislation in 1700 and 1720 which prohibited the importation of _______ goods from India.
Cotton.
Porfirio Díaz's base of conservative support was built upon support from:
Creole landowners and technocrat administrators, called científicos.
By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Mughal emperor's lands had been reduced to the region immediately surrounding _________ and Agra.
Delhi.
The principal spokesman for _________ nationalists in the second half of the nineteenth century was José Rizal, who was executed by the government in 1896.
Filipino.
One of the outcomes of the Boxer Rebellion was a new "unequal treaty" that allowed:
For the posting of foreign troops in Chinese cities.
As a result of a British and French attack on Beijing in 1860, a newly created Chinese boardwas to handle Qing ________, and the Chinese were invited to send their own ambassadors abroad.
Foreign relations
In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.
Frame Breaking Act.
Among the new countries on the map of Europe in 1871 was
Germany
By 1903, __________ had enhanced the power and range of his device enough to send the first transatlantic radio message.
Guglielmo Marconi.
The revolution in _________ is clearly the one that realized the Enlightenment principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity most fully.
Haiti
After achieving independence, the ________ elevated their spoken language, Kreyòl, into their national identity.
Haitians
In the German colony of Southwest Africa, the German army responded to a local uprising by committing a genocidal campaign against the ______ and Nama between 1904 and 1907.
Herero.
Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.
Hydrogen.
At the battle of Tippecanoe in _________, thousands of Tecumseh's followers from a variety of Native American nations came together, but they suffered a defeat at the hands of US troops in 1811.
Indiana
The Great Mutiny was touched off by the rumor that the British had:
Introduced a rifle which required its operator to bite the end from a gunpowder cartridge greased with cow and pig fat.
Religious scholars of the 1800s succeeded in making _______ the dominant religion of West Africa.
Islam.
Charles X of France claimed that his blockade of Algiers was justified because:
It was in response to an insult by the ruler, Hussein to his consul.
One advantage enjoyed by Germany in its production of steel was:
Its development of sophisticated science research capabilities at universities.
The United States faced the vital question of how to incorporate new territory after its war with _________ from 1846 to 1848.
Mexico
As the trade in opium expanded in the erly nineteenth century, heavily armed ships would unload their cargo of opium on small, sparsely inhabited offshore islands, from which:
Middlemen picked up the drug and made their rounds on the mainland.
Portugal used the Berlin conference to expand its coastal footholds in Guinea, Angola and ___________.
Mozambique.
Fury resulted from a 1791 decision by the white settler Provincial Assembly in Saint-Domingue to:
Not grant citizen rights to mulattos whose parents were free.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the forced migration of Native Americans to:
Oklahoma
Children frequently began work in mines as "trappers", responsible for:
Opening and shutting ventilation doors in mineshafts.
After suffering setbacks in Ethiopia, Italy invaded the __________ province of Tripolitania.
Ottoman
What Latin American state was created in 1903 with the support of the United States?
Panama
Living on the edge of poverty in many areas, with old trade routes and handicrafts disrupted by the treaty ports, many _______ saw in the Taipings, the Nian, and other local rebellions a desperate way to change their situations.
Peasants
In 1822, __________ proclaimed Brazil an independent kingdom.
Pedro I
The commander of an American fleet, Matthew C. _________, arrived in Japan in July 1853, deliberately attempting to impress the Japanese with Western technological might.
Perry
The French, who considered themselves as ______, joined with the British in a war to force a new treaty upon the Chinese government in Beijing.
Promoters of missionary activity in the region
The "Fortunate Edict" of 1856 declared that all Ottoman subjects, regardless of _______, had the right to education, employment, and administration of justice.
Religion
Contrary to expectations, wages for laborers in Latin America ____________ in the 1800s.
Remained low, because mine operators and landowners feared for the competitiveness of their commodities on the world market.
In 1824, what type of government did Mexico develop after the failure of Agustín Iturbide's empire?
Republic
The nation-state of Italy was not fully unified until it established sovereignty over _______ in 1870.
Rome
At the time of the French Revolution, ________ was one of the richest European colonies.
Saint-Domingue
In 1912, ______, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece collaborated in the First Balkan War, forcing Ottoman forces to retreat back to Constantinople.
Serbia
By the 1890s, the __________ in the United States produced over 90% of the country's petroleum.
Standard Oil Company.
In ship construction, what material improved their speed, size, and strength?
Steel
When they entered Mexico City in 1915, Álvaro Obregón and his Constitutionalists were:
Supported by the working classes and their union representatives.
In 1836, President Antonio López de Santa Ana failed to prevent _______ from becoming independent.
Texas
In 1789 a new system of government was instituted in the United States that replaced ________________________.
The Articles of Confederation
Whose monopoly on trade with China ended in 1833?
The British East India Company
Mexico refused to recognize Texan national independence, and the state of Texas entered the United States in ___________.
1845
As a result of its loss in the Crimean War of __________, Russia was forced to recognize the Ottoman Empire's right to full integrity.
1853-1856
In April ________ the new Emperor Meiji issued a "charter oath" in which he renounced, at least officially, the restrictive measures of the past.
1868
In 1792, the sultan and his viziers proclaimed a "new order" for the army, in which:
A separate artillery and flintlock musket corps was created alongside the Janissaries.
Following the Revolution of 1905, Nicholas II repudiated the concessions granted in the October Manifesto, especially:
An independent Duma
The machine accepted by the French Assembly for use in executions was designed by _________.
Antoine Louis
Between 1894 and 1896, the Ottoman sultan armed Kurdish tribal units, which massacred thousands of _______ villagers.
Armenian
By 1800, the viceroyalty of La Plata, with the rising port of _________, had grown through contraband trade with Great Britain.
Buenos Aires
In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.
Dreams.
The invention of _______ by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Bernhard Nobel aided in the construction of the Panama Canal (1914).
Dynamite.
The most famous—and most radical—of British political feminists was _________, who together with her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.
Emmeline Pankhurst.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines became emperor of Haiti, renaming Saint-Domingue after:
Its supposed original Taíno
In 1899, _________, the US secretary of state, circulated a note suggesting that all powers remain committed to an "open door" to trade in China.
John Hay
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.
London.
In the late summer of 1845, Mary Paul, age 15, went to work in a spinning room in the booming mill town of Lowell, _______.
Massachusetts.
Patriotic feelings were roused in France in April 1792, when:
The government declared war on its eastern neighbors.
The Pure Food and Drug and Meat Inspection Acts were passed during the presidency of _________.
Theodore Roosevelt
In the mid-1700s, agents responsible for the collection of taxes, like the "notables" in the Balkans and the "valley lords" in western Anatolia:
Withheld increasing amounts from the treasury in Istanbul.
The navigator James Cook, during one of his many exploratory journeys in the Pacific, landed in 1770 on the east coast of ______ and claimed it for Great Britain.
Australia.
Shiites are unique in having a small number, about half a dozen today, of ___________ ("signs of God"), who are distinguished by their knowledge of the Quran and Islamic tradition.
Ayatollahs
What is Austrian Siegfried Marcus credited to having invented in 1874?
The combustion-engine automobile.