History Exam 3/1
Who was born a slave in Maryland, she escaped and became an important abolitionist who helped fugitive slaves escape to freedom via the Underground Railroad, in addition to serving as a nurse and a spy during the Civil War?
Harriet Tubman
What was a former Franciscan mission on the outskirts of San Antonio, Texas, where "rebels" took refuge from the Mexican army in 1836?
The Alamo
What did the Jay Treaty accomplish in 1796?
The British removed their troops from the Ohio Valley.
What happened in 1831 between the Cherokees and the state of Georgia?
The Cherokee sued GA in court.
What did Shay's Rebellion show to the US?
1) The need for a standing army 2) the Articles of Confederation was weak 3) the Articles of Confederation needed to be revised
Which Constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that states "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within it the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction?"
13th Amendment
When was the Lousiana Purchase bought?
1803
What is the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
A system for bringing new states into the Union (north west states: Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, etc.)
Who was the lawyer from Illinois who served one term in the House of Representatives where he was an outspoken opponent of the war with Mexico, and later (in 1860) became the first Republican to successfully run for the office of President of the United States?
Abraham Lincoln
What was the Second Great Awakening?
An outpouring of evangelical religious fervor in southern-style outdoor meetings
Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant?
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
What was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War?
Battle of Antietam
What was the attack on Shawnee Indians at Prophetstown in 1811 by forces headed by William Henry Harrison; Tenskwatwa (the Prophet) fled with his followers and this deepened the resolve of his brother, Tecumseh, to make war on the United States called?
Battle of Tippecanoe
Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?
Because it overturned a policy on slavery already in place, northerners felt betrayed. It required the Missouri Compromise be repealed.
What happened in Philadelphia in 1787?
Delegates were authorized by the Confederation Congress to revise the Articles of Confederation.
What was the speech given by President Lincoln in 1863 to dedicate the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Pennsylvania in which he described the Civil War as a war to save the Union and to bring equality to all Americans?
The Gettysburg Address
What were the effects of new territory after the war with Mexico in the 19th century?
Conflicts over slavery and values increased
Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, this two-year expedition begun in 1804 was organized by the U.S. government to explore the Louisiana Territory.
Corps of Discovery
what was the political party that emerged in the late 1820s to oppose politicians like John Q. Adams who held an expansive view of federal authority (over state jurisdiction) and allowed for a looser interpretation of the U.S. Constitution?
Democratic party
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney in 1793
What were the pro-Constitution arguments outlined in a series of eighty-five editorials that appeared in New York newspapers during the ratification process of 1787-1788; this collection of essays became an important explanation for later generations in the study of the principles and ideology upholding the U.S. Constitution?
Federalist Papers
In the early 1790s who were the dominant rival politician groups in the U.S.
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Who was the outspoken opponent of slavery who was actually born a slave in Maryland; several of his writings were published in the abolitionists paper the Liberator and his autobiography was published in 1845?
Frederick Douglass
Who was the commanding general of the Revolutionary Army who would become the first President of the United States?
George Washington
What did Lincoln include in his inaugural address?
stated that he did not intend to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it already existed.
What was the term that describes the practice of the forceful recruitment of sailors by the British?
Impressment
Where was the War of 1812 fought?
In the Atlantic Ocean, along the American-Canadian border, and in the Southern US
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?
It ends the Mexican-American War and guarantees U.S. citizenship to Mexicans living in the territories conquered by the U.S., but it does not allow Mexicans to vote. Mexico gave up Texas, New Mexico, and California after the US paid Mexico $15 million.
Why were Americans mad about the Jay Treaty?
It gave the British 18 months to vacate their presence in the Ohio Valley Territory.
What was the biggest objection by anti-Federalists to ratifying the Constitution?
It lacked a Bill of Rights
Why was the 1814 Treaty of Ghent significant?
It reflected a mutual agreement by Britain and the US but it did not address the concerns of Native Americans.
What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?
It was a law passed in 1850 that made it legal to arrest runaway slaves anywhere in the United States. The slaves could be returned to their owners. A person who helped runaway slaves faced fines and jail time.
What was the XYZ affair?
It was an effort by the French to get the United States to pay a bribe before they would negotiate.
Why was the election of 1800 significant?
It was the first peaceful transfer of power from one U.S. political party to another
Who is the Father of the Constitution?
James Madison
Who presented the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
When did the Emancipation Proclamation go into effect?
January 1, 1863
What precedent set by the Marshall court gave the Supreme Court the authority to declare a Congressional law to be unconstitutional?
Judicial review
Who won the 1796 presidential election?
John Adams and a rival from a different political party, Thomas Jefferson
What did "Bleeding Kansas" refer to
John Brown's raid on the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
Who was the prominent stage actor and Confederate sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865, less than one week after General Lee surrendered to General Grant?
John Wilkes Booth
What did the December 1814 Battle of New Orleans do?
Made General Andrew Jackson a national hero
What was the term coined by John L. O'Sullivan to justify the expansion of white settlement across the western part of North America?
Manifest Destiny
What was the period of accelerated economic activity and an increased distribution of goods in the United States which led men and women to reject old patterns of rural self-sufficiency for a wider realm of national market relations?
Market Revolution
What was the southern boundary of the US in 1820 for dividing slave states from free states?
Missouri
What was the political doctrine that holds that states have the right to reject a federal law if deemed unconstitutional?
Nullification
Where did the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves?
Only slaves in areas governed and controlled by the Confederacy
What did the Supreme Court rule in Dred Scott v. Sanford?
Slaves weren't citizens of the US. Travel in free territories didn't make slaves free. Congress never had the power to prohibit slavery in the territories.
What did Andrew Jackson want to do with Indians in southern states?
Remove them to west of the Mississippi River
What occurred in the presidential election of 1860?
Republicans picked Abraham Lincoln.
Where did Texans defeat General Santa de Anna?
San Jacinto
When was the Battle of Antietam?
September 17, 1862
What was the first state to secede from the Union?
South Carolina
who opposed the federal tariffs on foreign imports in 1816 and 1824?
Southern farmers
What did Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri do after the attack of Fort Sumter?
Stayed a part of the Union
What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?
Stopped trade with all foreign countries
What did the Sedition Act of 1918 do?
The Act prohibited any anti-war or pro-enemy actions or speech. It punished anyone convicted of criticizing the President or Congress.
What passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, this act provoked widespread anger in the northern states and led to increased sectional tension between the North and South over the issue of slavery?
The Fugitive Slave Act
What was the biggest issue of the Compromise of 1850?
The Fugitive Slave Act
What was the proposal at the 1787 Constitutional Convention that advocated a bicameral legislature where the members of one house would be determined by the population of each state, while representation in the other house would be equal among the states?
The Great Compromise
What was the secret meeting of New England Federalist politicians held in 1814 to discuss constitutional changes that would reduce the political power of the South, assist New England businesses and merchants, and even the possible secession from the United States?
The Hartford Convention
What was the conflict between the United States and Great Britain that is often called the "Second American Revolution?"
War of 1812
What was the biggest success of the Articles of Confederation?
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Issues facing the US after the Peace Treaty of Paris (1783) and what did the Peace Treaty of Paris do?
The Peace Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution. The biggest issues were paying off the war debt, conflicts with Native Americans, and organizing territory in the Ohio River Valley into states.
What holds the most power in the government
The US Constitution
How did Great Britain react to President Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality?
They captured American merchant ships and impressed Americans in the West Indies.
Who won the presidential election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson
Why did General Sherman invade Georgia in 1864?
To crush the will of the southern people so they would end the war
Why did the Republican Party form?
To stop the spread of slavery
Who was the general who became the supreme commander of U.S. forces in 1864 who led Union troops to victory in Vicksburg, Mississippi followed by a decisive victory at Chattanooga which opened the way for Sherman's March to the Sea; this General would later become President of the United States?
Ulysses Grant
What was the term for the forced march of some 15,000 Cherokees from Georgia to Indian Territory; in adequate planning, food, water, sanitation, and medicine led to the deaths of thousands of Cherokees?
Trail of Tears
What did the winners of the 1798 Presidential election do to fight the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Turned to state legislatures
What was the 1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe meant to publicize the evils of slavery; it struck an emotional chord in the Northern states and was an international bestseller?
Uncle Tom's Cabin
What was the uprising of farmers in western Pennsylvania in 1794 who protested an excise tax placed on their grain for the purpose of paying off the national debt?
Whiskey Rebellion
How did the South Carolina politicians react to the 1828 "Tariff of Abominations"?
by publicizing the doctrine of nullification
What kind of government did the Constitution create?
a constitutional republic
What are the consequences of the cotton gin being invented?
an increase in the number of cotton crops planted throughout the southern states; an increase in the number of laborers needed in southern states; an increase in the number of slaves imported to southern states.
Why did President Lincoln decide not to abandon Fort Sumter?
because that would break his promise to defend federal property
Why did many poor southern whites support slavery?
economic dependence on slaveholders
The New England textile industry initially relied on who?
females
What did the two Alien Acts passed by Congress in 1798 aim to do?
harass French immigrants already living in the U.S.
What did Shawnee chief Tecumseh do in the Northwest Territory of the U.S.?
led a Pan-American challenge to US settlers moving into their territory and European culture
What was the Monroe Doctrine in response to?
the interest of European nations in creating colonies in North and South America
What constitutional problems did the Lousiana Purchase raise?
the right of the executive branch to purchase land from foreign governments
