History Final 27

What was the military-industrial complex Eisenhower warned Americans about before he left office?

An association between the military and defense contractors to spend more money on increasingly powerful weapons systems

The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned which of the following precedents?

Separate but equal established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Why did the Montgomery, Alabama, police arrest Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955?

She refused give up her seat on the bus to a white man.

What caused the smog that plagued Los Angeles in the 1950s?

Sprawling urban and suburban settlements without efficient public transportation

Why did many Cuban people support the uprising led by Fidel Castro against Fulgencio Batista in 1959?

They had a strong desire for political and economic autonomy.

What was the purpose of the Eisenhower Doctrine?

To aid any Middle Eastern nation requesting assistance against armed aggression from any country controlled by international communism

The three-part program for compensating, "terminating," and relocating Native Americans reflected the Eisenhower administration's commitment to

limiting the scope of federal government activity.

Which Egyptian leader seized the Suez Canal in July 1956?

Gamal Abdel Nasser

In which of the following ways did television affect U.S. politics in the 1950s?

It allowed candidates to appeal directly to voters in their homes, which elevated the importance of politicians' personal attractiveness.

In what way did the civil rights movement of the 1950s and early 1960s differ from previous efforts to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States?

It involved masses of people who used civil disobedience to bring about change.

What did "Operation Wetback" reveal about most white Americans?

They generally opposed the permanent immigration of Mexicans.

How did rock and roll challenge American social and cultural norms in the 1950s?

It was sexually suggestive.

What was one unintended consequence of the federal government's program to relocate Native Americans?

A militant pan-Indian movement emerged two decades later.

What was one cause of the unparalleled material abundance of the United States in the 1950s?

A population increase of almost 30 million

What did Federal Communications Commission chairman Newton Minow call television after he surveyed what it offered to Americans in 1961?

A vast wasteland

Who wrote the best-selling books Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female?

Alfred Kinsey

In the 1950s, the CIA intervened in the internal affairs of which of the following countries?

Guatemala

Why did whites in Mississippi murder fourteen-year-old Emmett Till in 1955?

He allegedly whistled at a white woman.

What did anti-Communist zealot Senator Joseph McCarthy do that led to his condemnation by the U.S. Senate?

He conducted televised hearings in which he charged that the U.S. army was full of Communists.

What was sociologist David Riesman's criticism of American society in his 1950 book The Lonely Crowd?

He lamented the growing conformity in American society.

In what direction did Eisenhower, the first Republican to serve as president after the New Deal, take the federal government during his second term?

He left the size and functions of the federal government intact.

How did President Eisenhower ultimately respond to the Arkansas National Guard's attempts to block the enrollment of nine black students in Little Rock's Central High School in 1957?

He sent army troops to Little Rock to oversee the integration of the school.

Which of the following describes President Dwight D. Eisenhower's "middle way" politics in the early 1950s?

His domestic agenda and leadership style were guided by moderation.

Which new civil rights organization chose Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader in January of 1957?

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

What was one reason many Americans moved to the Sun Belt in the 1950s?

The move toward an automobile-based society, which made it easier for most people to move south and west

Why were the South and West sometimes referred to as the Gun Belt?

The regions had captured the lion's share of Cold War spending.

What impact did technological advances have on American industry in the 1950s?

They chipped away at the number of jobs in heavy industry.

President Eisenhower viewed communism in Vietnam as

a force that had to be stopped before it spread to Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.

Between 1950 and 1960, the percentage of American families with television sets grew from less than 10 percent to

almost 90 percent.

Between 1955 and 1961, the United States spent $800 million in South Vietnam, most of it to

b) fund the South Vietnamese army.

In the 1950s, most employed American women worked in

clerical, service, and domestic jobs.

The output of American farms increased between 1940 and 1960, while the number of farmworkers

decreased by nearly one-third.

When Hungarian freedom fighters mounted a revolt against the Soviet-controlled government of their country in 1956, the Eisenhower administration

did nothing, because Eisenhower was unwilling to risk American soldiers or possible nuclear war.

In most cities during the 1950s, the black population

doubled as African Americans sought economic opportunities.

In the context of President Eisenhower's policy toward Native Americans, termination meant

ending the federal government's special relationship with the Indians by transferring jurisdiction over tribal lands to state and local governments.

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles supported a foreign policy strategy of

going to the brink of war to halt the Soviets' efforts to extend their territory any farther.

The work of 1950s authors Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac was known for

rejecting almost every aspect of the mainstream culture.

The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 can be characterized as

symbolic

The Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56 persisted until

the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Alabama's state and local laws requiring segregation on buses.

In her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that

the idealization of domesticity pressured women to seek fulfillment in serving others.