History final

Which of the following was not included in the National Security Act of 1947? a. It provided the basis for the Department of Defense. b. It created the Federal Bureau of Investigation. c. It created the National Security Council. d. It created the Air Force. e. It created the Central Intelligence Agency

B

____ overthrew Fulgencio Batista and became the ruler of Cuba. a. Venito Sandino b. Fidel Castro c. Che Guevara d. Daniel Ortega e. Jose Marti

B

labor "radicalism" led to several major strikes in 1919. The 2 most important were: a. the great railroad strike and the boston policemen's strike b. the boston policemen's strike and the midwestern steel strike c. the midwestern steel strike and the homestead lockout d. the homestead lockout and the pullman strike e. none

B

this jamaican born leader favored racial separation and self-sufficiency a. W.E.B. Du Bois b. Marcus Garvey c. Booker T. Washington d. George Creel e. Eugene V. Debs

B

A significant change that emerged in the 1920s was that a. rural Americans were isolated from the consumerism of cities. b. rural Americans fully embraced "modernism." c. the number of people living in cities outpaced that of people in rural areas. d. the number of people living in rural areas outpaced that of people in cities. e. the number of people joining unions increased dramatically

C

All of the following statements reflect the African-American experience in the North during the Harlem Renaissance except a. African-American artists drew from their own cultural heritage. b. The Harlem Renaissance attracted attention from whites. c. African Americans developed increasing political power. d. Many African Americans still depended on white patrons for support. e. African-American writers and artists expressed racial pride

C

All of the following was part of the new consumer lifestyle of the 1920s except a. new appliances eased the burden of housework. b. the automobile made vacations and camping trips popular. c. poverty was eliminated from American society. d. high quality, fashionable clothes were available to most Americans. e. advertising increased consumer demand

C

American foreign policy in the early and mid-1930s was basically A. Interventionist B. expansionist ' C. isolationist D. jingoistic E. militaristic

C

American war-time manufacturing output increased because a. the wartime industries board forced manufacturers to do the govts. bidding b. patriotic americans supported the govts. "buy american" campaign c. manufacturers were guaranteed higher prices and exemptions from antitrust laws d. local orgs pressured manufacturers to "support our troops" e. all of the above

C

As a result of the Scopes trial, a. Tennessee repealed its anti-evolution law. b. Scopes was found innocent and given a promotion. c. publishers eliminated references to Darwin's theories from science textbooks. d. the American Civil Liberties Union was destroyed. e. Clarence Darrow died

C

During the 1950s, urban areas a. saw financial resources shifted in their direction. b. increasingly thrived as cultural centers. c. struggled under redlining policies that hindered lending to urban areas. d. grew slightly more slowly than suburbs. e. focused on developing mass transit systems

C

Eisenhower's "New Look" argued that a. the government had to pump more money into the domestic economy. b. Washington had to take a leading role in the struggle for equal rights. c. the defense of the United States would rely less on ground forces and more on cheaper air power. d. federal intervention in the economy would cease. e. the federal government should subsidize the fashion industry

C

Harry Truman's policy in regard to the Soviet Union was based on his belief that a. the Russians were honest and could be trusted to negotiate in good faith. b. the United States should cut off all contact with the U.S.S.R. c. the United States had to take a firm stand in opposition to Soviet territorial and ideological expansion. d. the United States should maintain friendly relations with the U.S.S.R. at all costs. e. his isolationist stance

C

He was known as the "radio priest," a. Father Michael Persichetti b. Father Theran Stanczak. c. Father Charles Coughlin d. Father Louis Urban e. Father Justin S. Pappa

C

In 1932, the so-called Bonus Army a. campaigned for the reelection of Herbert Hoover. b. rioted and threatened to attack the White House. c. petitioned Congress for early payment of their World War I veteran benefits. d. was recommissioned as a special unit: the U.S. Army. e. failed to make any impact on public opinion

C

Roosevelt's 1944 proposed Second Bill of Rights included all of the following EXCEPT a. measures to guarantee the right to employment. b. affordable healthcare. c. equal pay for equal work. d. access to educational opportunities. e. adequate food and shelter

C

The "people's capitalism" referred to a. communism in the 1920s. b. the communist party slogan in 1928. c. the notion that everyone could potentially own a piece of corporate America. d. the small group of businessmen who tried to eliminate unions altogether. e. none of these choices

C

The Central Intelligence Agency was formed to a. spy on enemies during World War II. b. infiltrate suspicious organizations within the United States. c. gather information about communist threats and participate in covert activities outside the U.S. d. deal with uprisings in U.S.-held territories. e. All of these choices

C

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) expelled 13 member organizations because of a. their refusal to accept a CIO-negotiated contracted. b. the requirements of the Taft-Hartley Act. c. anticommunism. d. their resistance to black members. e. pressure from the Truman White House

C

The big four powers at the paris peace conference in 1919 were: a. Britain, france, the USA, and russia b. USSR, japan, the USA, britain c. italy, france, britain, the USA d. britain, USSR, the USA, japan e. japan, france, britain, USSR

C

The ruling in Korematsu v. United States a. denounced Japanese internment. b. upheld the rights of the Japanese to retain their property during internment. c. upheld the right of the U.S. government to intern the Japanese d. apologized to Japanese Americans for their internment. e. validated the military drafting of interned Japanese Americans.

C

The water-diversion projects that President Eisenhower supported in the West most benefited a. small farmers and ranching interests. b. local communities in several western states. c. large-scale agribusiness and ranching interests. d. Native Americans. e. the Democratic Party

C

Truman responded to the Berlin blockade by a. closing all land routes into West Berlin. b. arresting the Soviet ambassador to the United States. c. airlifting tons of supplies to the city. d. pulling all Americans out of Berlin. e. attacking the Soviet Union

C

What was Herbert Hoover's position on the question of relief? a. it was the responsibility of the federal government to provide economic security for U.S. citizens. b. a military draft could provide work for the unemployed. c. it would destroy people's desire to work and undermine their self-worth. d. all homeless immigrants should be deported. e. only the urban unemployed should receive relief

C

Which countries were allied in the triple entente a. Britain, France and italy b. italy, germany and russia c. russia, britain and france d. france, germany, and the ottoman empire e. the ottoman empire, russia, and austria hungary

C

Women's rights activists disagreed over a. support for a suffrage amendment to the Constitution. b. the role that the League of Women Voters should play. c. whether women should be given special workplace protections because of their sex. d. the precise wording of the Equal Rights Amendment. e. All of these choices

C

Which of the following was not declared by the Atlantic Charter? A. disavowal of territorial expansion B. endorsement of free trade C. call for an end to the Communist threat D. creation of a world organization to ensure "general security" E. support for common principles

C.

According to President Eisenhower in 1961, the greatest danger to the United States was a. communism. b. Latin American revolutions. c. the Soviet Union. d. the military-industrial complex. e. Middle Eastern terrorists

D

All of the following are true about the Truman Doctrine EXCEPT that it a. argued that the United States must oppose Communist aggression around the world. b. argued that the United States must allocate money for nations resisting outside subversion. c. was initially tied to the Greek civil war. d. was strongly opposed by all members of Congress. e. called for the U.S. to aid those who were resisting armed minorities from within

D

All of the following demonstrated the preeminence of the military in the Washington power structure in the 1940s EXCEPT the A. creation of the joint chiefs of staff B. building of the Pentagon complex to house the War Department. C. creation of dozens of new agencies and bureaucracies to coordinate the war effort. D. decision to institute the draft. E. development of radar technology.

D

Each of the following ran for the presidency in 1948 EXCEPT a. Harry Truman. b. Thomas Dewey. c. Strom Thurmond. d. Dwight D. Eisenhower. e. Henry Wallace

D

French involvement in Vietnam ended with their defeat at a. Laos. b. Tet. c. Saigon. d. Dien Bien Phu. e. Cambodia

D

In 1953 the CIA staged a coup in Iran that a. ensured that it would develop a democratic government. b. led to the rise of a communist state. c. established a popular, pro-western government d. overthrew a legitimate elected government to establish a ruthless dictatorship. e. resulted in the creation of five new nations in that region

D

In 1961, a U.S.-backed Cuban military force attempting to overthrow Fidel Castro was defeated at a. the Bay of Cows. b. Guantanamo Bay. c. Havana. d. the Bay of Pigs. e. the Bay of Naples

D

In WWII, African-American soldiers A. refused to fight until they received equal rights B. deserted in anger numbers than did other ethnic rights C. won more medals than white soldiers D. were segregated and usually assigned noncombat, menial but often dangerous jobs E. were never drafted

D

In which of the following were Japanese Americans NOT subject to internment? A. Oregon B. Washington C. California D. Hawaii E. none

D

John F. Kennedy's foreign policy included all of the following EXCEPT a. strong support for West Berlin. b. economic sanctions and assassination plots directed at Cuba. c. establishment of a direct phone line between Washington and Moscow to prevent nuclear war. d. a proposal to pull American advisors out of Vietnam. e. creation of the Peace Corps

D

Of the following groups, which benefited the least from the new deal policies A. Middle-class consumers B. European ethnics C. Northern factory workers D. Southern industrial workers and dark laborers E. The elderly

D

The "Dixiecrats" were officially called the a. Southern Democratic Party. b. Party of Dixie. c. Democratic Rights Party d. States' Rights Democratic Party. e. White Supremacy Party

D

The war benefited which of the following most? A. small businesses B. family run farms C. business partnerships D. large corporations E. over 80% of american businesses

D

Which of the following is not true of the Scopes trial? a. It was a test of the First Amendment. b. It contributed to the removal of references to Charles Darwin in texts c. It featured two key public figures as opposing attorneys. d. It inspired more fundamentalists to enter politics. e. It was set up by the American Civil Liberties Union

D

All of the following factors contributed to the postwar depression in U.S. agriculture except a. recovery of European farms after the war ended. b. falling prices of farm products c. a significant rise in the use of tractors. d. a decline in European demand for U.S. products e. substantial increase in acreage in production

E

Eisenhower's administration fought communism by all the following means EXCEPT a. increasing the size and power of the CIA. b. giving economic aid to friendly nations. c. funding Radio Free Europe, Voice of America, Radio Asia, and other propaganda agencies. d. threatening the Soviet Union with nuclear attack if U.S. security were threatened. e. refusing to support any government that did not have democratic principles

E

In 1949, Mao Zedong forced Jiang Jieshi's forces off mainland China to the offshore island of a. Korea. b. Hawaii c. Tahiti. d. Indonesia. e. Formosa

E

In WWI, the US moved from neutrality (1914) to intervention (1917) because a. the germans adopted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare b. the russian revolution of february, 1917 threatened to pull russia out of the war c. in the zimmerman telegram, germany encouraged mexico to go to war with the us d. the germans were preparing a major military offensive on the western front e. all of the above

E

Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the a. Montgomery, Alabama statehouse. b. steps of the U.S. Capital. c. 1968 Democratic Convention. d. United Nations General Assembly. e. steps of the Lincoln Memorial

E

National Security Council Document 68 (NSC 68) endorsed which of the following? a. massive military buildup b. covert actions c. enlarged propaganda efforts both inside and outside the United States d. economic pressure e. all of these choices

E

President Truman's Loyalty Program authorized which of the following measures to root out communism at home? a. the establishment of government boards to determine if there were communists in government. b. the firing of anyone in a government job who was found to belong to a subversive organization. c. creation of a list of political organizations deemed a threat to national security. d. None of these choices. e. All of these choices

E

The Federal Reserve board intensified the severity of the stock market crash by a. ignoring the crisis. b. borrowing heavily from European banks. c. inflating the currency and making credit more available. d. prohibiting banks from participating in stock purchases. e. raising interest rates and reducing the amount of money in circulation

E

The U.S. corporation that worked closely with the CIA to undermine the Guatemalan government in 1954 was a. IBM. b. Westinghouse. c. Coca-Cola. d. Ford Motor Company. e. United Fruit Company.

E

The neutrality acts of 1935 and 1936 A. prohibited american investment in foreign countries B. offered loans and credit to belligerents C. cut off trade with Asia D. cut off all trade between the US and Europe E. outlawed US weapon sales to nations at war

E

The successor to President Franklin Roosevelt was A. Dwight D. Eisenhower B. Thomas Dewey C. Lyndon B. Johnson D. Henry Wallace E. Harry Truman

E

The union formed to organize the millions of non-union employees into effective workers was the a. Knights of Labor. b. American Federation of Labor. c. "wobblies." d. National Labor Union. e. Congress of Industrial Organization

E

Union membership declined in the 1920s because of all of the following EXCEPT a. business, government, and middle-class hostility. b. the success of welfare capitalism. c. the unions' failure to actively recruit unskilled and semiskilled workers. d. adverse rulings from the Supreme Court. e. extremely high union membership dues

E

Which one of the following was NOT a cause of WWI: a. assassination of the archduke Ferdinand b. alliances and defense treaties c. imperial disputes over colonies abroad d. militant nationalism e. the sinking of the lusitania

E

the US govt generated patriotic support for the war by a. setting up the committee on public information to popularize to war b. selling liberty bonds c. calling on americans to spy on their neighbors, coworkers, and ethnic/foreigners d. passing the espionage, sabotage and sedition acts in 1917/1918 e. all od the above

E

the league of nations was rejected by congress because a. a caucus of irreconcilables favored american isolationism in international affairs b. most republicans favored a balance of power approach in foreign policy c. president wilson would accept no compromises in order to secure its passage d. wilsons stroke in sept 1919 impaired his ability to govern e. all of the above

E

the red scare of 1919/1920 involved all of the following EXCEPT a. a campaign of repression directed by the US govt against american workers b. the passage of sedition laws by several states, to punish those who advocated revolutions c. demands by private orgs for "100 percent americanism" from all americans d. the use of federal agents by the Atty Genl to imprison 4,000 "suspected revolutionaries" e. the establishment of the American Legion, a veterans org to end lynching

E

All of the following could be said of Warren G. Harding's tenure as president EXCEPT a. he continued the worst repression of the post-WWI Red Scare by jailing leftists. b. he staffed his cabinet with some highly capable men. c. his administration suffered from scandals. d. he was influenced easily by his friends. e. the Republican Party was returned to power

A

Buying on margin meant that A. Stocks could be purchased by paying a percent of the price and borrowing the rest B. Consumer products could be purchased and paid for on the installment plan C. European nations could borrow needed capital from US Bank so their citizens could buy US products D. The government could use deficit spending to solve the problems of the depression E. Farmers could use government loans to finance Enterprises

A

Charles A. Lindbergh became a celebrity in the 1920s when he a. completed the first solo flight across the Atlantic. b. made the first blockbuster movie. c. challenged the failure of the two-party political system to represent the interests of ordinary people. d. organized a strike in the steel industry. e. ran for President

A

In the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan did all of the following except a. continue to thrive only in the South. b. attract a significant female membership. c. achieve some degree of political power in some states. d. focus their bigotry on Catholics and Jews. e. emphasize traditional morality

A

Modern advertising techniques a. exploited insecurities and secret desires of consumers. b. were not effective due to poor-quality graphics. c. were so vulgar that newspapers banned the ads. d. demeaned and ridiculed working-class Americans. e. were not essential to the growth of the consumer economy

A

Nikita Khrushchev a. was the Soviet leader who built the Berlin Wall and put nuclear missiles in Cuba. b. greatly admired John F. Kennedy and personally attended Kennedy's funeral. c. refused to meet with any U.S. leaders and cut off diplomatic relations with the United States. d. was the first Russian leader to be educated in the West and to be fluent in English. e. launched the Korean War

A

Rock 'n' roll music a. signified the development of a consumer-oriented, middle-class youth culture in the United States. b. was a sinister Communist plot to corrupt American society. c. was the first musical style to appeal equally to all generations of Americans. d. promoted segregation by culturally dividing ethnic minorities from mainstream society. e. was imported from Europe

A

Roosevelt's proposal to lend munitions to the Allies was known as the _______ plan? A. "lend-lease" B. "cash and carry" c. "Atlantic Charter" D. "Four Freedoms" E. "borrow and return"

A

The 1936 presidential election is especially significant because A. Democrats became known as the party at the forgotten America B. Black voters abandon their long time allegiance to the Republican Party C. Large number of pro new deal workers came out to ensure Roosevelts reelection D. Roosevelt won his third term in office E. None

A

The Korean War a. helped Truman implement the broad vision of NSC-68. b. allowed Truman to increase income taxes. c. was the first time since World War II that atomic bombs were used in warfare. d. had little impact on America or its foreign policy decisions. e. aided a communist movement in the U.S

A

The author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) was a. Betty Friedan. b. Gloria Steinem. c. Phyllis Schlafly. d. Andrea Dworkin. e. Eleanor Roosevelt

A

The people who organized and directed the New Deal programs were mostly a. well-educated, male, technocrats. b. members of ethnic and religious minority groups. c. working-class urbanites with little or no advanced education. d. university professors eager to put their theories into action. e. immigrants who brought radical ideas from abroad

A

The presidents elected in the 1920s were all a. Republicans. b. Democrats. c. crusading reformers and ex-Progressives. d. veterans of World War I

A

The sports figure who achieved the greatest celebrity fame in the 1920s was a. baseball star Babe Ruth. b. racing star Rudolph Valentino. c. boxer Jack Dempsey. d. writer Bruce Barton. e. football star Jack Johnson

A

What was the main reasons unions advocated equal pay for women workers during the war? a. They wanted to maintain wage levels for men who would return to jobs after the war. b. They wanted to encourage more women to fill jobs left by men going off to war. c. They came to recognize women workers as vital to war production. d. Once they saw that women could work as hard as men, they thought they should be paid as men. e. They realized that many women had become primary breadwinners for their families.

A

the us paid for involvement in WWI by a. increasing income taxes and selling liberty bonds b. imposing a federal poll tax for the duration of the war c. selling liberty bonds and borrowing money d. borrowing abroad and selling public lands e. selling public lands and increasing federal sales taxes

A

According to the popular view of the containment policy a. the U. S. should only involve itself in the international disputes when U.S. territory is attacked. b. all leftist insurgencies everywhere are controlled by the Russian Communists. c. the U. S. must keep the public calm by carefully containing potentially frightening information. d. both Communist and non-Communist nations must be contained within their own borders. e. the spread of Communism is an indirect threat to the U.S

B

All of the following are reasons why the Great Depression occurred EXCEPT a. the stock market crashed. b. there was too much government spending for poor workers. c. there was poor decision making by the Federal Reserve. d. there was an ill-advised tariff that took effect in 1930. e. wealth and income were unequally distributed

B

All of the following are true of African Americans and the employment prospects in the 1920s except a. African Americans increasingly moved north for greater job opportunities. b. African Americans were not able to work in the growing automotive industry. c. some groups tried to organize unions. d. African American workers found few allies among white workers. e. African Americans could find more job opportunities in urban centers

B

Calvin Coolidge a. raised taxes and increased government regulation of business. b. lowered taxes and decreased government regulation of business. c. lowered taxes but increased government regulation of business. d. raised taxes but decreased government regulation of business. e. raised taxes on the rich but reduced them for the working class

B

During the war years, women A. continued to fight got equal wages B. found jobs in industries and fields that were previously male dominated C. saw increased discrimination against married women D. experienced the end of sex segregated workplaces E. increased consumer spending to keep the economy going strong

B

In 1924, the Johnson-Reed Act a. enlarged the total number of immigrants annually admitted to the United States. b. virtually eliminated immigration of eastern Europeans and Asians. c. restricted immigration from Western Hemisphere nations for the first time in history. d. favored immigrants who would speak English. e. opened immigration to Asians

B

In 1951, Harry Truman relieved General ____ of his command in Korea for insubordination. a. George C. Patton b. Douglas MacArthur c. Dwight D. Eisenhower d. George Marshall e. Henry Wallace

B

President Eisenhower supported the Highway Act of 1956 based on a. its positive impact on the automobile industry. b. national security considerations. c. its role in creating jobs. d. the need to spend the government surplus. e. his bid for reelection

B

Social critics of the 1950s portrayed the United States as a society of a. rugged individualists. b. "other-directed" conformists. c. "inner-directed" rebels. d. semiliterate comic-book readers. e. violent rebels.

B

The "Zoot Suit Riots" were a. an attack on African American men who had migrated to jobs in Detroit. b. an attack on flamboyantly dressed black and Mexican youth by soldiers and sailors. c. a labor protest at a garment factory during the war. d. a public uprising against wartime clothing and other shortages of consumer goods. e. none

B

The Chief Justice who wrote the decision in Brown v. Board of Education was a. Warren Burger. b. Earl Warren. c. Louis Brandeis d. Felix Frankfurter. e. William Howard Taft

B

The Communist leader of the Vietnamese war for independence from France was a. Mao Tse Tung. b. Ho Chi Minh. c. Ngo Dinh Diem. d. Jiang Jieshi. e. Chen Chang

B

The government program that employed some two million young men planting trees and improving the environment in 1933 was the a. Public Works Administration. b. Civilian Conservation Corps. c. Works Progress Administration. d. Tennessee Valley Authority. e. Social Security Administration

B

The new deal program closest to socialism was which of the following A. CCC B. TVA C. AAA D. NRA E. WPA

B

The president first associated with the idea of "flexible response" was a. Harry Truman. b. John F. Kennedy. c. Dwight D. Eisenhower. d. Lyndon B. Johnson. e. Richard Nixon

B

The president of South Vietnam during the Eisenhower and Kennedy years was a. Ho Chi Minh. b. Mao Tse Tung. c. Ngo Dinh Diem. d. Bao Di. e. Jiang Jieshi

B

The program that sent Americans overseas to work on developmental projects was the a. Green Berets b. Peace Corps. c. Green Peace. d. Jobs Corps. e. Volunteer Corps

B

The term "flapper" referred to a. women who joined the air force during the war. b. modern, single, women who smoked and wore short dresses. c. women who supported Prohibition by attacking saloons and saloonkeepers. d. feminists who organized political and action groups. e. women who publicly debated the merits of the League of Nations

B

The twentieth-century president who best represented the "self-made" man was a. Woodrow Wilson. b. Herbert Hoover. c. Franklin D. Roosevelt. d. Norris J. Thompson e. Richard A. Knepp

B

What was the term for makeshift towns built around the United States during the Depression as shelters for the homeless? a. "Shantytowns." b. "Hoovervilles." c. "Cardboard villages." d. "Hoboburgs." e. "Pleasantvilles."

B

Soon after the U.S. formally entered the war, President Roosevelt moved to integrate the U.S. armed forces

false

When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, its leaders were confident that Japan could win a prolonged war against the U.S.

false

For the most part, the war brought an end to most of the New Deal agencies concerned with the problems of low-income people

true

During World War II, U.S. refugee policy a. increased the number of Jews who were admitted to the country. b. increased the number of Germans who were admitted to the country. c. did not increase its immigration quota to admit 20,000 Jewish children into the U.S.. d. allowed Jewish children, but not adults, to enter the country as refugees. e. allowed Japanese refugees to enter the country

c

President Roosevelt's vision for the post-war homefront featured a. a desegregated military. b. equal pay for women. c. government programs to enhance people's daily lives. d. greater government control of manufacturing. e. discontinuing New Deal labor initiatives

c

In 1944, President Franklin Roosevelt proposed a Second Bill of Rights that would limit the role of government

false