History Long Awnsers
What accomplishments of the civil rights movement were achieved through nonviolent means? Why, despite these accomplishments, did some African Americans come to reject nonviolence?
Accomplishments achieved through nonviolent means included the desegregation of schools and public facilities, such as buses and lunch counters, the removal of literacy tests and poll taxes that had prevented African Americans in the South from voting the passage of laws that expanded housing, employment, and educational opportunities for African Americans. The nonviolent approach required patience and personal sacrifice. Some African Americans felt that nonviolence was not an effective means of ending de facto segregation, which had led to the concentration of urban African Americans in slums with little hope of improving their economic and social status.
Explain some of the most important factors that led to the development of a Black Power movement in the mid-1960s.
Accomplishments achieved through nonviolent men included the desegregation of schoolspublic facilities, such as buses and lunch counters, the abolition of literacy tests and poll taxes that had prevented African Americans in the South from voting, abolition of the passage of laws that expanded housing, employment, and educational opportunities for African Americans.
10. What actions did the federal government undertake in support of racial changes in the 1950s and 1960s?
The Supreme Court continued to dismantle laws supporting racial discrimination. White violence forced Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy to intervene in support of school desegregation. Freedom rides led the Justice Department to enforce the rulings of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Kennedy proposed a civil rights bill that was passed after his death. Congress passed the Twenty-fourth Amendment, which outlawed the poll tax in federal elections, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which outlawed literacy tests and other measures that prevented southern blacks from voting. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 gave the federal government jurisdiction over violations of American-American voting rights. After the Brown case and other legal battles fought by the NAACP it gave the message to Americans that the federal government was now taking civil cases seriously.
7. What did the civil rights movement accomplish? Would you describe the movement as a success? Explain.
The civil rights movement brought about important political gains. It eliminated de jure segregation: the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public facilities, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 made literacy tests and poll taxes illegal, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 ended discrimination in housing. In addition, millions of African Americans were registered to vote, and more blacks were elected to political office. Social and economic gains were more elusive. In the late 1960s, African Americans still faced housing and job discrimination, unequal schools because of white flight to the suburbs, and poverty rate much higher than whites. The movement, however, did lead to affirmative action programs designed to equalize education and job opportunities. Nonviolent protests led by Martin Luther King, Jr., as well as his personal integrity and philosophy, inspired many whites to sympathize with African Americans. The movement also brought many blacks and whites together to work toward common goals. Students who described the movement as a success may say 9 that the legal and political advances represented a great leap forward since no civil rights legislation had been passed since Reconstruction. Those who disagree may stress that much remains to be accomplished in realms of education, job opportunity, and income equality.
Compare what Thurgood Marshall, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X achieved for African Americans.
Thurgood Marshall: NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court. This was his biggest victory; this enabled Linda Brown, an eight-year-old to go to a white school since the nearest black school was 21 blocks away from her home. Marshall, as the head of the NAACP's team of lawyers, argued many important civil rights cases before the Supreme Court. Malcolm X: Black Muslim leader who urged blacks to separate from white society. He used violence to fight what he believed in.. His new motto became "Ballots or Bullets? Well, if you and I don't use the ballot, we're going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot." was killed by the FBI. helped African Americans to take pride in themselves and their race. made him a powerful role model for young African Americans. Martin Luther King Jr: civil rights leader and minister who believed deeply in the power of nonviolent protest. He based his ideas on the teaching of Jesus, Gandhi, Henry David Thoreau, and Philip Randolph. He held to his philosophy even when racial violence increased after the Brown decision. King, as the head of the SCLC, provided leadership. He inspired those on the front lines of the moment to persevere and those outside the moment to sympathize with, and participate in the movement.
Explain some of the most important factors that led to the development of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s.
World War II created opportunities for African Americans that they were unwilling to give up after the war ended. created a shortage of while male laborers that led to African Americans to have more work opportunity. African Americans served in the army because of white male loss, which led to the end of segregation in the army. fought against Jim Crow laws and voting restrictions The NAACP adopted a successful strategy for fight civil rights in the courts. The most important victory was the Supreme Court's groundbreaking decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which finally declared separate schools for black unconstitutional. This important blow to de jure segregation helped strengthen the efforts of civil right organizations