History Mid-Term Study Guide

Which list correctly completes this chart?

(A) failure, (B) failure, (C) failure

Which answer best summarizes the main idea of the quotation? "How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation."—Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince

A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic

Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the American Revolution?

France became a constitutional monarchy

Which statement best reflects the values of the social gospel movement?

"Feed the hungry and comfort the sick."

Which inventor's work is shown in use in this photograph?

Alfred Nobel

Which statement best describes the concept of popular sovereignty?

All government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed

What valid conclusion that can be drawn from the data in the table

An unprecedented spread of information helped the Reformation grow.

Why was the industrialization of Belgium significant?

Belgium broke Britain's monopoly on industrial technology

Which sentence best describes the scene depicted here?

Charles V is assuming rule over the Hapsburg empire

Which Protestant teaching addresses the main idea of the passage? "86. Again, "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build this one basilica of St. Peter with his own money rather than with the money of poor believers?"—Martin Luther, 95 Theses

Churches should be simple and plain rather than ornate and grand

Which statement is true about European conquests in the Americas?

Columbus's men assaulted Taíno men and women and claimed their land for Spain

The painting depicts ships near Table Bay close to Cape Town in the 1600s; the ships most likely belong to the

Dutch

Which statement is true in the context of European exploration in Asia

Portugal seized the island of Goa, making it their major military and commercial base

Which of the following statements would you be most likely to find supported in the book shown here?

Prices should be regulated by the laws of supply and demand.

The portrait depicts ________, who sponsored the Portugal exploration.

Prince Henry

Which phrase best explains the scene depicted in this image

decks of slave ships with African captives

This British monarch and wife of Prince Albert was known for both her long reign and her _______

embodiment of traditional moral values

This image, depicting Italians leaving their homeland, shows that Italians responded to economic and social problems in the early 1900s by becoming ______

emigrants

This graph illustrates the efforts by Peter the Great to achieve what goal?

increase Russia's military might

In 1772, Russia cooperated with Prussia and Austria to

partition Poland

The speaker of this statement was referring to ________. "We have achieved our independence at the expense of everything else." —Simón Bolívar

the failure to form a single Latin American nation

The transportation system shown in this image declined in importance after

the steam locomotive was invented

the geographic locations of the Italian city-states what role did trade play in the Renaissance?

wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance

The message here was in support of ________. "There is something that governments care for more than human life, and that is security and property, so it is through property that we shall strike the enemy." —Emmeline Pankhurst

women's suffrage

Which is the best example of a theocracy?

A government run by religious leaders

Which humanist ideals are most expressed in the sculpture David by Michelangelo?

A successful ruler knows that his enemies will defer to him.

"Manufacturing and commercial monopolies owe their origin not to a tendency [naturally found in a] capitalist economy but to governmental interventionist policy directed against free trade and laissez-faire."—Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian economist This quote by a modern economist reflects the ideas of which of the following Enlightenment thinkers?

Adam Smith

Why did Austria shift alliances in the mid-1700s?

Austria began to see Prussia as a greater threat than France

Which statement most accurately describes the education of middle class girls and boys during the late Industrial Age?

Boys were more likely than girls to receive instruction in science and mathematics

The empire shown on this map might have grown even larger if it had not been for

British naval power

In which city on the map did journalist Louis Kossuth demand an independent government and lead a failed revolution in 1848?

Budapest

Who said this about the Taínos who lived in the West Indies? "Artless and generous . . . to such a degree as no one would believe but him who had seen it. Of anything they have, if it be asked for, they never say no, but do rather invite the person to accept it, and show as much lovingness as though they would give their hearts . . ."

Christopher Columbus

Which person was directly involved in composing this text? "We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal." —"The Declaration of Sentiments" from the Seneca Falls Conference (1848)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

The "grito" (cry of liberty) mentioned in this statement was delivered by ________. "Yet throughout the years of turmoil, El Grito de Dolores, "Mexicanos, viva México," has persevered. Every year at midnight on September 16, Mexicans shout the grito, honoring the crucial, impulsive action that was the catalyst for the country's bloody struggle for independence from Spain."

Father Miguel Hidalgo

On September 8, 1522, nearly three years after setting out, the survivors— one ship and 18 sailors—reached Spain. The survivors had been the first people to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. Antonio Pigafetta, one of the few survivors of the expedition, observed: "I believe of a certainty that no one will ever again make such a voyage." Which statement is true about the voyage referenced in the text?

Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines when the fleet reached there in 1521.

How did France change under the National Assembly?

France became a republic

"The people rushed against the place . . . They took all the arms, discharged the prisoners and such of the garrison as were not killed in the first moment of fury, carried the Governor and Lieutenant governor to the Greve, cut off their heads, and set them through the city in triumph to the Palais royal." The event Thomas Jefferson is describing in this passage was the immediate cause of the

French Revolution

This dispatch reflects the United States' support of Mexico's resistance to ________. "I remain now firm, as heretofore, in the opinion that the destinies of the American continent are not to be permanently controlled by any political arrangements that can be made in the capitals of Europe." —Dispatch from the U.S. Secretary of State, 1864

French rule

Which statement is the reason that Giuseppe Garibaldi relinquished Naples and Sicily to Victor Emmanuel in 1861?

Garibaldi turned Naples and Sicily over to Emmanuel in a patriotic move.

Which choice correctly completes the chart 1 - 1648 series of treaties 2 - France Gains Territory 3 - Netherlands gain independence 4 -

German states remain divided

What event revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance?

Gutenberg invented a printing press with movable type

Which sentence below supports the conclusion that William II was a German nationalist?

He launched a campaign to expand the navy and the German empire overseas.

How did Philip II influence the art of Spain's golden age?

He provided financial support to artists.

In what way did George III impact the British government?

He tried to make Parliament bend to his will

Which region was the most religiously divided?

Holy Roman Empire

How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism? "Walk forwards in the radiance of the past."—Petrarch

Humanity progresses by building upon past knowledge.

Which thinker is credited with establishing the basic principles of physics, including natural laws that govern gravity and motion?

Isaac Newton

How does this engraving by the German artist Albrecht Dürer expand upon the work done by Italian Renaissance artists?

It blends anatomical realism with religious themes

How does Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, reflect central literary themes common throughout the Renaissance?

It explores universal human themes and portrays classical figures and subjects.

How did the enclosure movement contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

It increased the urban workforce

In what way does this passage and quotation describe a political effect of humanism? He [Erasmus] called for a translation of the Christian Bible into the vernacular. He scorned those who ". . . don't want the holy scriptures to be read in translation by the unlearned . . . as if the chief strength of the Christian religion lay in people's ignorance of it. . . ."

It is a demand that biblical teachings be made widely accessible to the public in an understandable form.

How does this image best show a result of the Columbian Exchange?

It shows horses brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans.

What is most likely the reason this engraving by Paul Revere of the Boston Massacre inflamed public opinion against the British?

It shows the colonists as unarmed victims of an attack

In what way did the Congress of Vienna try to limit French ambition?

It surrounded France with strong countries

Which statement describes the true nature of the government during France's Second Empire?

It was a thinly-veiled dictatorship

Devastated by the two invasions, Korean rulers adopted a policy of isolation, excluding foreigners except the Chinese and a few Japanese. When European sailors were shipwrecked on Korean shores, they were imprisoned and held as spies. Which country carried out one of the invasions in Korea discussed in the text?

Japan

Which is the best example of a monarch supporting Enlightenment reform?

Joseph II abolishing serfdom in Austria

"In place of the bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." Who was the most likely author of the above quotation?

Karl Marx

Based on the information provided on this map, what is the most likely reason Glasgow, Birmingham, and Lyon became major industrial cities?

Louis Kossuth led the revolutions throughout the Austrian Empire.

What prompted Martin Luther to take the actions described in the quotation? "I have cast the die. . . . I will not reconcile myself to them [the Roman Catholic Church] for all eternity. . . . Let them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return I will do as much for them. . . . Now I no longer fear, and I am publishing a book in the German tongue about Christian reform, directed against the pope, in language as violent as if I were addressing the Antichrist."—Martin Luther, 1520

Luther's rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant

This chart lists a sequence of events that may not be in the correct order. Which event should be listed correctly as the first event in the sequence? 1 - Olaudah Equiano was seized from his Nigerian village by slave traders 2 - Jacques Carter began exploring the coastline of eastern Canada eventually discovering St. Lawrence River 3 - Magellan's ships entered a bay a the southern tip of South American 4 - Manchus invaded Korea

Magellan's ships entered a bay at the southern tip of South America

_________ is a policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver.

Mercantilism

The trend shown in this chart can be traced back to an invention by

Michael Faraday

The United States Capitol dome was inspired by the dome of the Pantheon, built in ancient Rome. Which Renaissance architect was also inspired by the Pantheon's dome?

Michelangelo

The painting depicts a scene from the rich __________ empire in India, which was established by Muslim leaders.

Mughal

What is significant about the event depicted here?

Napoleon is asserting he is the source of his own authority

"The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board." The speaker, who was seized from a Nigerian village at the age of 11 by slave traders, is

Olaudah Equiano.

What common goal did the revolutions throughout the Austrian Empire have?

People demanded independent governments and written constitutions that defended basic rights.

Instead of granting Macartney's trade requests, the Chinese asserted that their empire was self-sufficient and that they granted the little trade that they did only as a special favour. The emperor and his court considered Macartney's presents to be "tribute presents," and the whole mission was viewed imperially as one of "submission." Which ruler was responsible for the failure of the Macartney mission described in this text?

Qianlong

Identify the person responsible for bringing stability after the religious turmoil that resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church of England.

Queen Elizabeth

Draw Conclusions Which of the following was a result of poor industrial working conditions in Russia?

Radicals gained supporters among the workers

What conclusion is best supported by this map?

Railroads offered advantages over canals for transportation of goods.

Which statement belongs in the final box?

Religious conflict spreads across Europe, bringing an era of change and upheaval.

The following quotation from a twentieth century dictator reflects the values and beliefs of what theory that emerged during the Industrial Age? "Truly, this earth is a trophy cup for the industrious man. And this rightly so, in the service of natural selection. He who does not possess the force to secure his Lebensraum [territory or space] in this world, and, if necessary, to enlarge it, does not deserve to possess the necessities of life. He must step aside and allow stronger peoples to pass him by." —Adolf Hitler

Social Darwinism

How did the Directory's actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte?

The Directory was weak and corrupt.error

This chart lists a sequence of events that may not be in the correct order. Which event should be listed correctly as the last event in the sequence? 1 - The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed 2 - The Dutch built Cape Town 3 - Ferdinand Magellan set out fro Spain with Five Ships to find a way to reach the Pacific 4 - Columbus returned to Spain

The Dutch built Cape Town.

What can be inferred about the slave trade in Africa?

The Europeans had more footholds on coastal Africa than the inland areas

Read the statement by James I. How was this idea related to the Glorious Revolution? "The state of Monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods. . . . Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine power upon earth. . . . And to the King is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects. . . ." —James I, to Parliament, 1610

The Glorious Revolution was a rejection of ideas like those expressed by James I

Which statement is true about Portuguese exploration?

The Portuguese found a trade route through the Indian Ocean to Asia.

Summarize the main idea of the quotation. "The many great gardens of the world, of literature and poetry, of painting and music, of religion and architecture, all make the point as clear as possible: The soul cannot thrive in the absence of a garden. If you don't want paradise, you are not human; and if you are not human, you don't have a soul."—Thomas More

The arts, education, and spirituality make us human

What is the main reason the "putting-out" system gave way to the factory system in the British textile industry?

The factory system allowed employers to hire women and children

Why did the colony of New France grow slowly?

The harsh Canadian climate with long winters attracted few French peasants

Which statement describes the result of this 1862 declaration to the Prussian legislature? "Germany does not look to Prussia's liberalism, but to her power . . . The great questions of the day are not to be decided by speeches and majority resolutions - that was the mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by blood and iron!" —Otto von Bismarck, 1864

The legislature refused to approve funds for the military, prompting Bismarck to divert money approved for other purposes.

faced nationalist revolts throughout his reign

The serfs were too poor to buy the farms allotted to them

"The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners . . . is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will . . ." This quote best reflects the philosophy of

Thomas Hobbes

Which of the following British policies forced mass migrations from Ireland?

Treatment during the "Great Hunger," or Irish potato famine

This photograph shows a place which was also the departure point for _______________, a Portuguese navigator who set out for Asia in 1497.

Vasco da Gama

Which event can be inferred from the map?

Vasco da Gama made an expedition to the west coast of India.

Which nationalist organization was founded by this speaker to promote the ideology expressed here? "A Country is not a mere territory; the particular territory is only its foundation. The Country is the idea which rises upon that foundation; it is the sentiment of love, the sense of fellowship which binds together all the sons of that territory."—Giuseppe Mazzini

Young Italy

Which of the following was a chief characteristic of Britain's constitutional government in the 1700s?

a cabinet system

Leaders of the temperance movement argued that a ban on alcohol would lead to

a decrease in domestic violence.

This photograph shows the construction of a city system that contributed to

a drastic reduction in the death rate

What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal?

a heliocentric perspective

"There's only one thing that warms my heart, and that is the thought that we are going to sweep away these bourgeois." —Émile Zola, Germinal This quotation is taken from

a realistic novel about the French mining industry.

"The marks of former convulsions on every part of the surface of our planet are obvious and striking. The remains of marine animals imbedded in the solid strata are so abundant, that they may be expected to force themselves on the observation of every people who have made some progress in refinement . . ." —Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology (1832) Vol.1 The scientist quoted above attempted to prove that

a romantic novel about the superiority of nature to city life

What characteristic of the Renaissance does the quotation reflect? "To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills."—Pico della Mirandola, 1486

a spirit of adventure and curiosity

The industrialization of Germany between 1871 and 1914 was aided by ________.

ample iron and coal resources

These liberal protesters in Vienna support ________.

basic rights and more political power

Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?

belief in predestination

Paintings like the one above were the result of an attempt to

capture the effects of light and color on the eye

"L'État, c'est moi." ("The state, it is me.")—Louis XIV This quote expresses a belief in

divine right

This man, Francis Joseph, inherited the Hapsburg throne at the age of 18 and ________.

faced nationalist revolts throughout his reign

"Passion and prejudice govern the world; only under the name of reason. It is our part, by religion and reason joined, to counteract them all we can." —John Wesley What conclusion about the Methodist movement is best supported by the above quotation?

increased employment of children in textile mills

Members of the legislature of France's Third Republic formed coalition governments because

no single party could get enough votes to control the government.

Which group made up the "Second Estate" under France's ancien régime?

nobility

The __________ empire, which began as a relatively small forest kingdom, arose from successive waves of settlement by the Yoruba people of present-day Nigeria.

oyo

Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in this painting by Leonardo da Vinci?

perspective and realism

Which characteristics belong in the Protestantism portion of the diagram?

priests can marry, bible printed in the vernacular, no papal authority

The invention shown above contributed to a shift in painting from

realism to impressionism

"The very first requirement in a hospital, is that it should do the sick no harm." Which of the following would have been a step toward achieving the goal described in the quotation above?

requiring nurses to wash their hands

This image illustrates a scene from a novel that satirizes

romantic notions of knighthood and chivalry

Which group in France would have been most likely to support the Reign of Terror?

sans-coulottes

Which argument did Southerners in the United States use to justify slavery in the 1860s?

states' rights

The invention of the internal combustion engine was an essential step that eventually led to

sustained, pilot-controlled flight

The art of the Qing dynasty, even the painting of many of its finest eccentrics and the design of its best gardens, is similarly characterized both by lavish decoration and ornate effects as well as by superb technique and conservative taste.Which non-Chinese group contributed to establishing the dynasty discussed in this text?

the Manchus

So that the largest possible cargo might be carried, the captives were wedged belowdecks, chained to low-lying platforms stacked in tiers, with an average individual space allotment that was 6 feet long, 16 inches wide, and perhaps 3 feet high (183 cm by 41 cm by 91 cm). Unable to stand erect or turn over, many slaves died in this position.

the Middle Passage

Europeans, by contrast, wrote enthusiastically about China. In 1590, a visitor described Chinese artisans "cleverly making devices out of gold, silver and other metals," and wrote with approval: "They daily publish huge multitudes of books." Which era of rule in China is referred to in this text?

the Ming dynasty

Russia was slow to industrialize and reform because

the powerful landowning nobles resisted any form of change.

Which factor enabled the central ideas of the Protestant Reformation to gain acceptance throughout northern Europe?

the printing press

When colonists later protested British policies in North America, they viewed themselves as "freeborn Englishmen" who were defending their traditional rights. Which of the following describes one of the "traditional rights" being referred to in the text?

the right to have representative assemblies and Parliament

"I cannot paint an angel, because I have never seen one." — Gustave Courbet This quotation reflects the values of an artistic movement that rejected

the romantic emphasis on imagination

The Scientific Method was based on the idea that

the truth could come only through investigation

A key demand of the group that composed this document was ________. "We are bowed down under a load of taxes; which, notwithstanding, fall greatly short of the wants of our rulers; our traders are trembling on the verge of bankruptcy; our workmen are starving; capital brings no profit, and labour no remuneration . . ."—The People's Charter (1837)

the use of the secret ballot

The invention shown here was most directly responsible for a revolution in

transportation