HISTORY MODULE FIVE TEST, 10 History 5.16.2 Module 5 Quiz 2, 10 History 5.15.4 Module 5 Quiz 1, 10 History Module 4 Quiz 1, 10 History 3.10.4 Module 3, Quiz 3 Review, 10 History 3.9.5 Module 3 Quiz 2 Review, 10 History 3.8.7 would be for week 8 Test...
How far could the Mongol army travel in a single day?
70-100 miles a day
Which of the following represents the Roman numeral IX?
9
What caused sailors to come down with scurvy, which led to rotten teeth, open sores, and even mental breakdowns?
A diet that lacked fresh fruit and vegetables, which would have provided essential vitamins
What was the Inca mit'a?
A labor tax
What occupation did Petrarch's father wish for his son to pursue?
A lawyer
What is a coup d' etat?
A military takeover of the government
Even though the English were outnumbered by the French, what advantage did the English have over the French at the Battle of Agincourt? [all apply]
A muddy field to slow the French down The lethal longbow Two wood lines protected the English flanks
What was the common bond that Clovis found to unify the Franks?
Christianity
The Second Crusade began after the fall of which Crusader State?
Edessa
According to Castiglione, what is the foundation for good manners?
Education (knowledge)
Why was there a fight for the English crown after the death of King Edward the Confessor?
Edward died with no clear heir to the throne
Which of the following describes Napoleon's stance on the French Revolution?
He sided with the French revolutionaries against the king.
Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?
He wanted to divorce his wife who wasn't giving him a son, and the pope said, "No."
What warning did Friedrich Nietzsche give in his Parable of the Madman?
He was warning mankind about the consequences of rejecting the existence of God
What warning did Friedrich Nietzsche give in his Parable of the Madman?
He was warning mankind about the consequences of rejecting the existence of God.
What were advantages of finding a sea route to Asia, instead of using the old overland route?
The cargo hold of ship could hold more trade goods. Using the sea route would speed up the trip by weeks or months. The Europeans could bypass the Ottoman Empire controlled land.
What happened to Joan of Arc?
She was captured by the English and burned at the stake
Who became the new king of England after winning the vicious Battle of Hastings in 1066?
William
Which doctor is known as the father of modern medicine, built on the ideas of Vesalius, and made several important discoveries about how the human heart works?
William Harvey
After Yaroslav's death, which outside people group invaded and conquered Kiev and the surrounding region?
Tartars
What was the name of the new Aztec capital?
Tenochtitlan
What was the Reconquista?
The 700 year effort by Spanish kingdoms to reconquer Muslim controlled land in Spain
The Inca Empire was mostly located along which geographical feature in South America?
The Andes Mountains
Before the arrival of the Europeans, which Mesoamerican group dominated most of Central America during the 1400s?
The Aztecs
Which religious order believed that free time was the enemy of the soul, thus every waking hour was filled with labor, prayer, and meditation?
The Benedictines
Why was a temporary truce agreed upon by the French and English after the Battle of Crecy?
The Black Death was ravaging Europe, including France and England
Which of the following best describes Britain's salutary neglect towards the American colonies?
The British allowed the colonists to largely govern themselves with minimum interference from the British throne. This hands-off policy allowed a healthy self-governance to take root and the colonies quickly began to prosper and grow under these conditions.
Which strain of the Black Death causes a person to break out with painful sores and boils?
The Bubonic Plague
Which group or civilization greatly influenced the development of early Russia?
The Byzantine Empire
The Byzantines fully recovered from the betrayal of the Fourth Crusade and remain a significant power in Asia Minor to this day.
The Byzantines never fully recovered
The _______ style of architecture emphasized rounded arches, thick walls, domed roofs, and only a few small windows.
romanesque
The buying and selling of Church positions during the Middle Ages was called ________.
simony
Though the ancient Greeks made many contributions to Western Civilization, their ideas about the material world were flawed. In contrast to the Greeks, the Bible presents the material world as originally good. Since it was created by God, it reflects His good character. The Bible does not identify evil with matter or with any other part of creation, but with _____, which twists and distorts God's originally good creation.
sin
Though the ancient Greeks made many contributions to Western Civilization, their ideas about the material world were flawed. In contrast to the Greeks, the Bible presents the material world as originally good. Since it was created by God, it reflects His good character. the Bible does not identify evil with matter or with any other part of creation, but with _____, which twists and distorts God's originally good creation.
sin
This sculpture captures the moment David has ___.
slain the giant Goliath.
According to the video, the Inca city of Machu Picchu famously utilized the ________ system, which provided a place to grow crops and prevent the city from sliding off the mountain.
terrace
What was the single most important institution in the preservation and expansion of knowledge in the Middle Ages?
the Church
What event led to the start of the Third Crusade?
The fall of Jerusalem
Which of the following statements best explains how the Spanish Armada was finally defeated?
The fast English ships inflicted some damage on the Spanish fleet, but heavy storms destroyed most of the Spanish navy.
A commoner promising to serve a lord and in exchange the commoner receives protection and land from the lord is an example of ________.
the feudal system
Rene Descartes' belief system of, "I think, therefore I am," elevated ________ as the ultimate source of truth.
the human mind and experience
In Sonnet 28, Petrarch is describing a person who is trying to find comfort and solace in:
the mountains, woods, and plains
According to the feudal system, what is the primary responsibility of a lord?
To protect his vassals
What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution?
To root out the enemies of the Revolution, including those who had been allied with the king
What cash crop did John Rolfe plant in 1610 and 1611 that turned Jamestown into a financial success?
Tobacco
What kind of skills were taught at the school established by the prince of Portugal in the 1400's?
Usage of navigational equipment Designing new types of ships Map making
Which of the following statements best represents the main theme of Sir Thomas More's book Utopia?
Utopia is about a fictional country where everyone is treated with equality
In 1498, which Portuguese explorer was the first European to sail around Africa and reach India?
Vasco da Gama
In 1513, which explorer became the first European to discover the Pacific Ocean?
Vasco de Balboa
Which luxurious palace did the Louis XIV build that cost so much money, Louis had the receipts burned so that the commoners wouldn't find out how much of their tax money he was spending out of fear that they might rebel?
Versailles
Who was the first English child born in the New World?
Virginia Dare
Which grand prince of Kiev married a Byzantine princess, converted to Christianity, and established Orthodox Christianity as the official state religion?
Vladimir I
Which famous philosophe possessed a combination of brilliance, wit, and brutal sarcasm and used his sharp mind and tongue to criticize anyone or any institution that set itself up against the values of the Enlightenment?
Voltaire
Which of the following best describes John Lock'es idea of tabula rasa?
When a person is born, their mind is a blank page, waiting for experience to write on it. There is no sinful nature and the perfectibility of mankind is possible.
Which of the following best describes John Locke's idea of tabula rasa?
When a person is born, their mind is a blank page, waiting for experience to write on it. There is no sinful nature and the perfectibility of mankind is possible.
What was the deadly winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown later called?
"the starving time"
Which of the following is an example of a positive contribution of the Enlightenment period?
* All of these are correct answers The Enlightenment philosophers argued that people should be able to freely express their beliefs without being thrown in jail or killed The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the people should have more of a voice in government The Enlightenment philosophers argued that people were born with certain natural rights that can't be taken away
What did Peter the Great gain from defeating Sweden in the Great Northern War (1700-1721)?
* None of these answers are correct Russia finally acquired a cold-water port (wrong) Peter the Great built a new capital called Moscow (wrong) Russia annexed a piece of Swedish territory along the North Sea (wrong)
Where was the compass originally invented?
*None of these are correct Portugal India Italy
Part of the danger of the southern tip of Africa is that the water is filled with what type of shark?
*None of these are correct Whale sharks Tiger sharks Bull sharks
What weakened the Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty?
- Even though Kublai Khan adopted many Chinese customs, he was still viewed as an outsider - High taxes levied on the Chinese in order to build massive public works projects - Two failed invasions of Japan
Which of the following are contributions of Yaroslav the Wise?
- Implemented a building program in Kiev that saw the construction of schools, libraries, churches, and monasteries - Established a written legal system in Russia for the first time - Greatly expanded the territory of Russia
Which of the following was a consequence of the Mongolian (Tartar) invasion of Russia?
- Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe and fell behind - Moscow replaced Kiev as the most important city in Russia - The close cultural connection between the Byzantines and Russia weakened significantly
Besides a few exceptions, what was the minimum age requirement for being a sailor during the Age of Discovery?
16
Which of the following statements describes the upbringing of Genghis Khan?
-Genghis Khan and his family were abandoned by their clan - While Genghis Khan was a young boy, his father was poisoned and killed by a rival clan - By age sixteen, Genghis Khan had taken control of his clan and set out to unite all the Mongol clans under his rule
Approximately how many miles could a ship during the Age of Discovery sail in a day?
100
How many kings went on the Third Crusade?
3
In the fall of 1492, after sailing for almost 60 days without spotting land, the crew of Columbus demanded that he turn the ships around. Columbus asked for ___ more days and if land wasn't spotted within that amount of time, then he would agree to end the voyage west.
3
The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel contains over ____ Biblical figures.
300
The Black Death ravaged Europe for a total of ____ years before it finally ran its course and disappeared for a time. The plague left ___ million dead in its wake, leaving a third of the population of Europe gone.
5 25
Scurvy, also known as the "Scourge of the Seas," often killed _____ percent of the crew on board.
50
In The Price, Machiavelli suggests that a ruler should take care that the fear he inspires in his subjects does not turn to hate. How can a ruler ensure that fear doesn't turn to hate?
A ruler shouldn't seize the property and wives of his subjects
According to Castiglione, what is necessary for good public speaking? [choose all that apply]
A voice that is not too soft Proper gestures A calm face
Which Anglo-Saxon king stopped the Viking invasion of England at the Battle of Edington in 878 A.D.?
Alfred
What is The Courtier about?
Advice on how to behave and act in public
Which of the following statements best describes what Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote is about?
After reading books about Medieval chivalry, Don Quixote is convinced that he is a medieval knight and sets out on a series of adventures to heroically right the many wrongs in the world.
Influenced by the Word of God and the rediscovery of the works of Aristotle, the Scholastics, like Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, and a host of others, fundamentally transformed the intellectual and cultural atmosphere of Europe. Their work laid the foundation for which important time period?
All are correct The Age of Discovery The Renaissance The Scientific Revolution
According to the Declaration of Independence, what are the "unalienable rights" that every person is born with?
All of these are correct
Which of the following describes the negative legacy of the Enlightenment?
All of these are correct
Which of the following describes the positive connection between Christianity and the scientific learning?
All of these are correct
Which of the following describes the positive contributions of the ancient Greek philosophers and why the Church adopted many of their ideas?
All of these are correct
Which of the following describes the positive legacy of the Enlightenment?
All of these are correct
Which of the following describes why Napoleon was so successful on the battlefield?
All of these are correct
Why did members of the Third Estate decide to meet in Versailles and form the National Assembly in 1789?
All of these are correct
Which of the following describes the reign of Queen Elizabeth?
All of these are correct Elizabeth's 45-year reign marked one of the greatest periods in English history. Elizabeth never married, fearing that her husband might try to take the throne from her. She was greatly loved by her subjects who affectionately called her "Good Queen Bess."
According to the reading and the video, what are some unique features of the Maya Temple of Chichen Itza?
All of these are correct Every year, thousands visit the temple to hear it sing The number of steps located on the temple match the advanced calendar system created by the Maya The temple is oriented towards the sun
Which of the following describes the positive legacy of the Enlightenment?
All of these are correct Emphasis was placed on the freedom of speech Emphasis was placed on the importance of equality Emphasis was placed on the importance of respecting different points of view
Which of the following describes the negative legacy of the Enlightenment?
All of these are correct Rejection of absolute truth The belief that God doesn't exist Emphasis on human reason alone to solve all of mankind's problems
Which of the following is an example of a positive contribution of the Enlightenment period?
All of these are true
In 1502, which Italian explorer was the first to realize that Columbus hadn't reach Asia, but instead discovered a new land?
Amerigo Vespucci
As the Aztecs migrated south looking for a new homeland, which sign were they looking for that would tell them where to establish their new home?
An eagle eating a snake on a cactus
Which doctor is known as the father of modern biology, doubted some of the work of Galen, and was able to dispel many ancient and medieval myths about the human body?
Andreas Vesalius
What social problems did Rome suffer from during its period of decline?
Apathy (lack of concern or to stop caring) Widespread immorality Decline in population Lack of quality of leadership
By the 1100 and 1200s, medieval learning began to change. The key event that transformed medieval thinking in Western Europe and led to the High Middle Ages was the rediscovery of the works _________, who believed that the material world was not inferior. These ideas influenced Western Europe and led to a growth of learning about the physical world, thus establishing the foundation for the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.
Aristotle
By the 1100 and 1200s, medieval learning began to change. The key event that transformed medieval thinking in Western Europe and led to the High Middle Ages was the rediscovery of the works of _________, who believed that the material world was not inferior. These ideas influenced Western Europe and led to a growth of learning about the physical world, thus establishing the foundation for the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.
Aristotle
Which two figures in the center of the painting are walking next to each other and debating philosophy?
Aristotle and Plato
Which instrument was used to determine location by measuring the distance between the stars and the horizon?
Astrolabe
Which philosophe influenced the founders of the United States with his belief that government should have limited power and that power should be divided into three separate branches?
Baron de Montesquieu
Which Portuguese explorer was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa in 1488?
Bartolomeu Dias
In 1571, Miguel de Cervantes was a sailor on board the warship Marquesa, that was part of a fleet of Holy League ships which were engaged in battle against the navy of the Muslim Ottoman Empire. What was the name of this critical naval battle?
Battle of Lepanto
Which of the following statements best describe how the French and Indian War later led to the American War of Independence?
Because England went into debt to protect the American colonies, the decision was made to tax the colonies to repay the debt that was spent to protect them from the French.
Which city in the Thirteen Colonies became the center of rebellion leading up to the American War for Independence?
Boston
Answer the following question about Shakespeare's Julius Caesar: Which of the following assassins was Caesar's good friend (until this moment of betrayal) and the last to stab Caesar?
Brutus
How did the wealthy Italians, like the Medici, show off their wealth? [choose all that apply]
Building large homes, that were decorated with works of art By purchasing fine works of art By hiring artists to create masterpieces
Which of the the following statements best describe France and England in the 1700s?
By the 1700s, both France and England had become world powers and fought each other all across the globe for territory and wealth.
Most historians believe that the Black Death originated somewhere near ______ in the 1330s.
China
According to the reading and video, what were the floating gardens located around Tenochtitlan called?
Chinampas
Which name was given to the southern tip of Africa in 1488 by Portuguese explorers?
Cape of Storms
What was the ultimate objective of the First Crusade?
Capture Jerusalem
Which new type of ship became very popular during the Age of Discovery because of its ability to sail against the wind and close to land?
Caravel
In 1453, the English and the French fought for the last time at the Battle of _______. The French annihilated a charge of English knights using their new cannons, which brought the Hundred Years' War and the era of knights and castles to an end.
Castillon
Which of the following describes Catherine the Great of Russia?
Catherine saw herself as an absolute monarch who wielded complete control over her subjects Catherine likely conspired with the Russian nobility to have her husband murdered so that she could become the czarina Catherine saw herself as enlightened ruler who supported education and the arts
Which Russian ruler was known as an enlightened monarch who promoted the arts and sciences and continued the modernization efforts of Peter the Great? =
Catherine the Great
Which of the following describes the positive connection between Christianity and the scientific learning? [choose all that apply
Christianity depicts God as a rational, responsive, dependable, and omnipotent being whose creation is orderly and structured The laws of nature exhibit order, pattern, and regularity, since they are established by an orderly God. In addition, the physical universe is knowable because God created us to know Himself and the rest of creation Christian teachings reject the idea that God is an impersonal force and His creation is mostly unknowable
Why were Christians initially persecuted by the Romans?
Christians refused to worship the Roman emperor as a god
Because power had shifted from the local lords to the kings and queens of Europe, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain were able to sponsor ____________ expensive voyage across the ocean in 1492.
Christopher Columbus'
Where did the Roman people go to watch gladiator matches?
Colosseum
Which of the following best represents Columbus' motivation for sailing west?
Columbus not only wanted to find a western trade route to Asia, but he wanted to carry the Word of God to those who had no knowledge of Jesus Christ.
Which instrument used a magnetized needle to determine direction?
Compass
If the city of ____________, which also served as the capital of the Christian Byzantine Empire, fell to Muslim forces, then Europe would likely lose access to the overland trade route to Asia.
Constantinople
Members of the Fourth Crusade originally planned to invade Egypt, then march north to capture Jerusalem. However, after failing to raise enough money for transportation, they agreed to help the Venetians betray and capture the Christian city of _________.
Constantinople
Which of the following is NOT one of the Crusader States established at the end of the First Crusade?
Constantinople
Where was Napoleon born?
Corsica
The central painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is:
Creation of Adam
What was the capital of the Inca Empire?
Cuzco
Which is the least acceptable term for the period of time in Europe following the Fall of Rome?
Dark Ages
What was the negative effect of a salty diet and a lack of fresh water on board a ship during the Age of Discovery?
Dehydration
What is the belief that God created the universe and set everything into motion, but then stepped away and is no longer involved?
Deism
Identify the two individuals who played a critical role in the developing the scientific method.
Descartes and Bacon
What motivated individuals to undertake extremely dangerous voyages of exploration?
Desire to spread the Word of God Desire for wealth Desire for fame
According to the reading and video, which of the following was an achievement of the Maya?
Developed a writing system by 700 B.C. Wrote thousands of books Built large sports arenas and libraries
Which important mathematical discovery did the Maya make?
Discovered the concept of zero
The Slavs mainly settled along what major river located to the north of the Black Sea?
Dnieper River
Which of the following best matches advice given by Machiavelli to a ruler in The Prince?
Do not allow morality and ethics to influence decisions since they serve to weaken authority and power of a ruler
Which of the following statements best represents the ending of Don Quixote?
Don Quixote sadly realizes that he has been deceived by fanciful stories of chivalry and has been living a lie.
After ending his first marriage, Henry married his second wife, Anne Boleyn in 1533. Later that year, Anne gave birth to a baby girl, ______. After multiple miscarriages and failing to produce a male heir, Henry brought false charges of treason against Anne and had her executed in 1536.
Elizabeth
During the Enlightenment, Denis Diderot gathered much of the knowledge of the word into one work, which was called the ________.
Encyclopedie
After the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763 brought the French and Indian War to an end, which European power was now master of most of the North American continent east of the Mississippi River?
England
Where was William Shakespeare from?
England
Which country did Voltaire believe possessed an Enlightened form of government that France should copy?
England
Which country led the rest of Europe in scientific research and discovery during the 17th century?
England
Modern Russia stretches across what two continents?
Europe and Asia
After Luther refused to take back his criticisms of the Catholic Church, Pope Leo X excommunicated him. In 1521, Luther was summoned to appear before a Church court and the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V, who was close ally of the Pope, in the city of Hamburg. In what became known as the Diet (or assembly) of Hamburg, Luther was given one last chance to take back his criticisms.
False
Medieval artists tried to portray people, nature, and objects in their proper size and shape.
False
On November 27, 1095, in the city of Paris, France, Pope Urban II stood before hundreds of powerful knights and nobles and declared that it was time to not only help the Christian Byzantines stop the invading Muslim Turks, but it was also time to recapture Constantinople from the Muslims.
False
Renaissance art portrays very little expression or emotion and lacks individualism.
False
The Anabaptist strongly believed that church and state should be unified, that Christians should hold political office, and fight in wars.
False
The Black Death ended in the Middle Ages and no longer exists today.
False
The Council of Trent agreed with the Protestants belief that the Word of God is the sole and ultimate authority and above the pope.
False
France was at a clear disadvantage when the war started. France was a poorer country compared to England and had a smaller population and fewer knights, which meant that France would consistently be outnumbered by the English throughout the war.
False England was at a clear disadvantage when the war started. England was not as wealthy compared to France and, therefore, wasn't in a strong economic position to wage a long war. Also, England had a smaller population and fewer knights, which meant that England would consistently be outnumbered by the French throughout the war
As a result of the English chevauchee strategy, large battles made up most of the fighting in the Hundred Years' War, not small raids.
False It was their small raids
Like Charlemagne, the early kings of France possessed absolute power and ruled with great strength.
False Unlike the reign of Charlemagne, the kings of France during this time period didn't posses much power.
Charlemagne was a brilliant diplomat and was able to acquire most of his land through peaceful negotiations and alliances instead of wars of conquest.
False he achieved this feat through constant warfare and conquest
To learn more about his new kingdom and how much the people could pay in taxes, William ordered that a survey be taken. The result of this survey became known as the Survey Book.
False it was called the Doomsday Book
The Vikings were from a region of northern Europe called Scandinavia, which includes modern-day Germany, Poland, and Hungary.
False they were from Norway Sweden and Denmark
Rome's decline and collapse happened over a short period of a few days.
False, it took a period of over 200 years.
During the early Middle Ages, Christian missionaries took the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ to the German tribes that had overthrown the Western Roman Empire. Unfortunately, all the German tribes rejected Christianity and continued to worship their old gods.
False, the German tribes accepted Christianity.
The lords and knights never challenged the authority of the king during the Middle Ages.
False, they did challenge the authority of the king during the Middle Ages.
Which explorer died in battle against Natives in the Philippines during his voyage around the world?
Ferdinand Magellan
Which explorer was sent out by Spain in 1519 to find a way around the Americas to Asia?
Ferdinand Magellan
Identify the skeptical ruler(s) who agreed to pay for Columbus' voyage.
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
When meat rations ran low on board a ship of exploration, which ingredients were mixed together to create a substitute?
Flour and fat
The Hundred Years' War began when the king of ______ died with no heir to the throne.
France
The king of _____ led the armies of Europe on the Second Crusade.
France
Which of the following countries were created as a result of the important Treaty of Verdun in 843 A.D.?
France and the Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
Which English scientist criticized the methods of Plato and Aristotle for placing too much emphasis on theorizing while neglecting experimentation and observation?
Francis Bacon
Which Renaissance writer summarized the spirit of the time when he wrote: "Let nothing in the world be unknown to you!"
Francis Rabelais
Which Spanish conquistador invaded the Inca Empire in 1532?
Francisco Pizarro
Which language and culture was adopted by many royal courts across Europe during the Enlightenment?
French
Which of the following best describes French settlers and explorers in North America during the Age of Discovery?
French settlers and explorers were often found along the rivers and lakes of North America, hunting, trapping, and trading with the Native Americans.
Who believed that man has "killed" God by elevating reason and the human mind as the ultimate source of truth, thus making belief in God irrelevant?
Friedrich Nietzsche
Which angel supposedly appeared to Muhammad through a series of visions and revealed that the Arabs must abandon their false gods and worship the one true God, Allah?
Gabriel
Which famous astronomer used a telescope to confirm the theories of Copernicus and Kepler and later got into trouble with the Catholic Church for writing a book that criticized the geocentric theory and mocked the pope's intelligence?
Galileo
After the first battle of the American War for Independence, the Continental Congress met a second time and created the United States Army and placed ___________ in charge of winning the war against Britain.
George Washington
In 1754, which Virginia militia officer was sent by the governor of the English colony of Virginia to kick the French out of Ohio and Pennsylvania, sparking the French and Indian War?
George Washington
Who was the primary enemy standing in the way of Napoleon's master plan of conquering Europe?
Great Britain
Which two ancient civilizations were the people of the Renaissance fascinated with?
Greece and Rome
Select all the following that describes Pope Gregory the Great?
Gregory walked away from his successful career and became a monk, believing that it was one of the greatest callings in life He was completely incorruptible and emphasized the importance of the Church in the daily life of the people and helping the poor He wrote many great theological pieces and composed much of the church's liturgical chant, which eventually became known as the "Gregorian chant"
Which two men claimed the English throne after Edward's death?
Harold and William
Which of the following is a belief held by Jean Jacques Rousseau?
He believed that people should place their trust in government for salvation and be willing to surrender some freedom in order for government to end inequality.
Which of the following statements describes one of the legacies of Genghis Khan?
He conquered twice as much land as any other person in the history of the world
Why did John White leave the Roanoke Island Colony and return to England?
He needed to go back to raise support and supplies for the colony.
To accomplish his goal of having Portugal reach the Far East first, which Portuguese prince established a school to train explorers?
Henry
Which captain was set adrift in a rowboat by his mutinous and exhausted crew after he wanted to continue searching for the elusive and icy Northwest Passage around North America?
Henry Hudson
Which explorer sailed for both England and the Netherlands in search of the Northwest Passage around North America, but lost control of his ship to his mutinous crew and was never heard from again?
Henry Hudson
In 1415 ______, the new king of England, invaded France to retake lost land. He engaged the French army in the most famous battle of the Hundred Years' War, the Battle of Agincourt.
Henry V
Which Spanish explorer landed in Central America in 1519 with the goal of conquering the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortes
Why was Rome's economy weakening and in decline by 300 A.D.?
High debt and severe inflation High Taxes and unemployment Cost of war drained the treasury
What is the central theme of Machiavelli's The Prince?
How a ruler can seize and hold onto power
Which important king of France began the work of uniting the country and extending the power of the monarchy in the mid-900s?
Hugh Capet
Which Mongol leader was sent by Mongke Khan to conquer Muslim lands in the Middle East and North Africa?
Hulegu
Which group of mounted warriors from Asia made it all the way to the gates of Rome before being stopped by the Bishop of Rome?
Huns
Which statement means that people should doubt everything until it can be proven through reason and eventually became the defining principle of the Enlightenment?
I think, therefore I am
Which statement means that people should doubting everything until it can be proven through reason and eventually became one of the defining principles of the Enlightenment?
I think, therefore I am
Which of the following Roman numerals represents the number 3?
III
According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man, what is the cause of public disorder and government corruption?
Ignorance and disregard for the natural rights of the people
What was the name of the book written by the priest Erasmus, in which he emphasized the importance of living a simple Christian life and criticized the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church?
In Praise of Folly
Where is The David located?
In the Italian city of Florence
Where is The Pieta located?
In the Vatican
Where is the painting of The School of Athens located?
In the Vatican
The Catholic Church worked to stop the spread of Protestant ideas by creating a list of books that were not allowed to be read, purchased, or sold. Known as the _______, the list specifically targeted the works and writings of reformers like Marin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Wycliffe.
Index
The ultimate goal of Portugal was to reach which country in Asia first?
India
In The Last Supper, the disciples are reacting emotionally to the announcement that one of them will betray Christ. Some have looks of horror, while others are expressing dismay and unbelief. This is an example of which artistic technique?
Individualism
In The Mona Lisa, the mysterious half-smile which captures the complexity of the spirit of a woman, is an example of ___.
Individualism
The emotion and grief on Mary's face is example of:
Individualism
Which scientist is known as the father of modern chemistry and made important discoveries, such as that pressure increases or decreases based on the amount of gas present?
Influenced by the Word of God and the rediscovery of the works of Aristotle, the Scholastics, like Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, and a host of others, fundamentally transformed the intellectual and cultural atmosphere of Europe. Their work laid the foundation for which important time period? [choose all that apply]
In 1542, Pope Paul III established a church court known as the _______to stop the spread of Protestantism in Catholic nations.
Inquisition
Which of the following statements best describe how the Dutch became wealthy during the Age of Discovery?
Instead of focusing on exploration, the Dutch concentrated on trade.
What's was Napoleon fatal military mistake that started his decline?
Invasion of Russia
Which individual transformed the world's understanding of science and had the greatest impact on the Scientific Revolution?
Isaac Newton
What was Machiavelli's answer to the question of whether a ruler should be feared or loved?
It is safer for a ruler to be feared than loved
After reading the sample of The Prince, which of the following best represents Machiavelli's view of people?
It is safer to rule with fear since people are cowardly, fickle, and ungrateful
The Renaissance started in _______ and spread to the rest of Western Europe over the next two hundred years.
Italy
Where was Baldassare Castiglione from?
Italy
Which of the following is an example of the cruelty of Ivan the Terrible?
Ivan supposedly had the eyes of the architects of St. Basil's Cathedral cut out Ivan estabilshed a police fore that tortured and killed those who opposed him Ivan killed his own son in a fit of rage
Russia remained under Mongol control until 1480, when which prince of Moscow rebelled against Mongol rule?
Ivan the Great
Which ruler finally freed Russia from the control of the Mongolians (Tartars)?
Ivan the Great
Which early French explorer sailed to Newfoundland and up the St. Lawrence River in 1534 and claimed the region for France while searching for the Northwest Passage?
Jacques Cartier
Which explorer led the first major French expedition to North America and claimed much of the St. Lawrence River for France?
Jacques Cartier
Identify the first permanent and successful English settlement in North America.
Jamestown
Which philosophe believed emotion, feeling, and passion were just as important as reason?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Why did the Jewish leaders demand that Jesus be arrested and executed?
Jesus claimed to be the Son of God
Which unpopular king was forced by his rebellious nobles to sign the very important Magna Carta?
John
In 1497, which explorer sailed from England, across the Atlantic, and explored along the coast of Canada?
John Cabot
Which reformer from Scotland was influenced by John Calvin and later established the Presbyterian Church?
John Knox
Which Enlightenment philosopher influenced the ideas found in the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Which philosopher argued that if rulers violate the natural rights of the people then they have the right to overthrow their government?
John Locke
Which philosopher believed that all people are born with natural rights and that the government receives the power to rule from the people?
John Locke
Which philosopher believed that all people are born with natural rights and that the government receives the right to rule from the people?
John Locke
Which English settler did the Native American princess Pocahontas later marry?
John Rolfe
Who told the colonists at Jamestown that if they didn't work, then they wouldn't eat?
John Smith
Which German tribes pushed the Romans out and conquered Britain?
Jutes Saxons Angles
Which Russian city located on the Dnieper River became the center of power in the region for hundreds of years?
Kiev
After reading the sample from Don Quixote, it is clear that Don Quixote has mistaken a farmer for a _________.
Knight
Which Mongol leader finally completed the conquest of China in 1279 (something that Genghis Khan wasn't even able to do) and established the Yuan Dynasty?
Kublai
Thomas Hobbes believed that government should wield absolute power like what powerful beast?
Leviathan
The Battle of ________ was fought outside of Boston and became the first battle of the American War for Independence.
Lexington and Concord
As Europe fell victim to a series of invading groups during the Middle Ages, who did the commoners turn to for protection?
Local nobles
Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?
Louis XVI
During the Age of Discovery, the Mississippi River Valley region was renamed ________ in honor of King Louis XIV of France.
Louisiana
In Sonnet 28, what can't the person escape, no matter where they go?
Love
In 1071, Muslim forces defeated a Byzantine army at the Battle of _________in what is now Turkey. In the aftermath of this defeat, the Byzantines lost control of their lands to the east of their capital city of Constantinople. Most historians look to this battle as the beginning of the decline of the Byzantine Empire and the end of their military dominance. It also serves as one of the root causes for the Crusades.
Manzikert
Which Italian explorer left Italy around 1271 and traveled to China and visited the court of Kublai Khan?
Marco Polo
Why was Sir Thomas More arrested and executed by King Henry VIII in 1535?
More recognized the pope rather than Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England
By the 1400s, which city replaced Kiev as the most important city in Russia?
Moscow
Which radical Jacobin leader seized power in 1792, instituted the Reign of Terror, and wanted the king to be removed?
Maximilien de Robespierre
Identify the document that was written and signed by the Pilgrims which stated that they were establishing a colony to honor God and advance the Christian faith.
Mayflower Compact
In 610 A.D., in a cave near the city of _____in the Arabian Peninsula, an Arab Merchant by the name of Muhammad, received a series of visions from an angel that eventually formed the religion of Islam.
Mecca
On September 24, 622, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for the city of _____ in order to escape persecution, torture, and imprisonment. This journey became known as the Hijra, which Muslims use to mark the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Medina
The Black Death first arrived in Europe in the city of _______, Sicily in 1347.
Messina
Who is considered to be the best sculptor of the Renaissance?
Michelangelo
Who sculpted The Pieta shown in this course?
Michelangelo
What Chinese dynasty replaced the Mongol Yuan dynasty in 1368?
Ming
Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine ___________ who created the Slavic alphabet, which became the foundation for the Russian language.
Missionaries
Which large river in North America did Louis Joilet and La Salle explore and claim for France?
Mississippi River
After the death of _________, a dispute arose over the election of the next khan. By 1260, the Mongol Empire no longer remained unified as a civil war ripped the empire apart.
Mongke Khan
What describes the battle plans of Mongke Khan?
Mongke divided the Mongol army into two groups with the goal of invading China and the Middle East
Which of the following belongs to the Five Pillars of Islam?
Muslims must give to the poor and fast from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan Muslims must pray five times a day while facing Mecca Muslims must affirm that "there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God"
After years of chaos, the French were willing to give up the little freedom they had in exchange for order and stability. In November of 1799, the government was handed over to a French general, _________, who promised peace and prosperity. The French Revolution was over.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Which group was right under the king in the Aztec social caste system?
Nobles and priests
Who developed the vaccination for small pox after conducting a series of experiments that included an eight-year-old boy and his 11- month-old son?
None of these are correct
Which scientist concluded that the geocentric theory didn't accurately explain the orbits of the planets? He developed a new theory, called the heliocentric theory, which stated that the earth and planets orbit the sun
None of these are correct Copernicus would be the correct answer
Who developed the vaccination for small pox after conducting a series of experiments that included an eight-year-old boy and his 11-month-old son?
None of these are correct Edward Jenner would be the correct answer
What was the first conquest of Genghis Khan outside of Mongolia?
Northern China
After the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, which son became the new leader of the Mongol Empire?
Ogodei
The French and Indian War began in 1754 when both England and France claimed the _____ River Valley.
Ohio
Which important German king worked to unite the German people and won a great victory over the raiding Magyars in 955 at the Battle of Lechfeld?
Otto the Great
European access to Far East ended in 1453, when the capital city of the Byzantine Empire was conquered for a final time by which rising empire?
Ottoman Empire
Which Inca emperor came to power around 1440 and greatly expanded the size of the empire and is considered to be the greatest ruler in Inca history?
Pachacuti
Which city became the philosophical center of the Enlightenment?
Paris
How did the British government respond to the Boston Tea Party?
Parliament passed the Coercive Acts, which placed Massachusetts under military rule.
What was the period of peace and stability called during the height of the Mongol Empire?
Pax Mongolia
Which explorer discovered and claimed Brazil for Portugal while trying to round Africa to India?
Pedro Cabral
Up until the time of the Crusades, why did local lords have more power than most kings across Europe?
People turned to local rulers rather than the distant king for protection against swift moving invading groups like the Vikings and horseback riding Magyars.
Before the the First Crusade officially departed for the Holy Land in 1096, a restless priest known as Peter the Hermit gathered a small army of peasants and lower ranking soldiers together. Anxious to get to the Holy Land, he and his peasant army, later called the "_______ Crusade," immediately set out on the 2,500 mile journey. Ultimately, this disorganized mob was easily wiped out by the Muslim Turks.
Peoples
In The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci successfully created a sense of depth and distance in the painting. This is an example of which artistic technique?
Perspective
Which Russian czar traveled to Europe in an effort to find ways to modernize Russia?
Peter the Great
Who is considered to be the "Father of the Renaissance" for his work in discovering and reviving interest in ancient Greek and Roman manuscripts?
Petrarch
Though the Church played a vital role in the preservation and expansion of learning during the Middles Ages, it possessed one weakness. The Church of the early Middle Ages was heavily influenced by the ideas of _____, an ancient Greek philosopher, who had a positive influence in many areas, but taught that the physical world was inferior, which led to a loss of interest in scientific pursuits for a period of time.
Plato
Though the Church played a vital role in the preservation and expansion of learning during the Middles Ages, it possessed one weakness. The Church of the early Middle Ages was heavily influenced by the ideas of _____, an ancient Greek philosopher.
Plato
According to Castiglione, a person will succeed in their interactions with others if the have a good understanding of: [choose all that apply]
Poetry Greek and Latin History
In The Last Supper, the viewer's eyes are naturally drawn to the most important part of the painting, which is the figure of Christ. This is an example of ___.
Point of Origin
The viewer's eyes are naturally drawn to the two figures debating philosophy in the center of the painting. This is an example of ___.
Point of Origin
_______ is the focal point of a painting. This Renaissance technique is used by the artist to draw the eyes to the most important part of the painting.
Point of origin
At the Battle of ______ in 1356, English longbows once again devastated the advancing French army. After hours of intense fighting, the legendary Black Prince rallied his troops, defeated the French force, and captured the French king.
Poitiers
Which European country led the way in developing new technology and establishing schools to train explorers?
Portugal
Which country was able to establish a monopoly on trade coming from Africa and India and as a result, became one of the richest countries in Europe during the early years of the Age of Discovery?
Portugal
Which invention allowed large quantities of maps to be distributed across Europe?
Printing Press
In The Last Supper, Jesus and the disciples are painted in their proper size and shape. This artistic technique is known as ___.
Proportion
England ended French resistance in Canada and brought the French and Indian War to an end when the French city of _______ was captured.
Quebec
After returning to England in 1580 with loads of riches from his voyage, to whom did Sir Francis Drake give half of his wealth?
Queen Elizabeth
As Muhammad preached in Medina, his followers began to write his teachings down. Years later these writings were collected into a single religious book known as the ______, the sacred text of Islam.
Qur'an
Who painted The School of Athens?
Raphael
In The Mona Lisa, figure in the painting is painted in a lifelike way, which is an example of ___.
Realism
What does the French word "Renaissance" mean?
Rebirth
Although there would be minor attempts to retake the Holy Land, the era of Crusades had come to an end. The next two hundred year interaction between Western Europeans, Byzantines, and Muslims, however, would lead to three important periods in world history: the Renaissance,the Age of Discovery, and the _______________.
Reformation
One of the scholars most responsible for the elevation of reason above everything else during the Enlightenment was the French philosophe __________.
Rene Descartes
Where was the first English attempt at settlement in the New World?
Roanoke Island
Which scientist is known as the father of modern chemistry and made important discoveries, such as that pressure increases or decreases based on the amount of gas present?
Robert Boyle
At the time of Jesus' birth, Judea was a province in the _____ Empire.
Roman
What military problems did Rome suffer from?
Roman soldiers placed their loyalty in their generals, who promised them land and wealth, rather than the state. Roman generals, filled with visions of power and grandeur, began marching their legions on Rome to overthrow the emperor.
Which style of architecture became popular during the Renaissance?
Romanesque
Early in his life, Martin Luther was tormented with the thought that he still hadn't done enough to please God. Luther continued to study and pray fervently, but still felt a sense of dread and inadequacy. The trans-formative moment came while preparing to teach a class on the Book of _____, Luther came across a verse that transformed his life.
Romans
Who established the first ruling dynasty in Russian history?
Rurik
Which of the following best describes how Portugal planned to reach the Far East during the Age of Discovery?
Sail south around Africa
Which French explorer was called the "Father of New France" and founded the important French settlement of Quebec in 1608?
Samuel de Champlain
According to Castiglione, what is necessary for good writing?
Sentences that are concise, yet rightly formed
As the dreaded Spanish Armada prepared to invade England in 1588, who served as second-in-command of England's navy?
Sir Francis Drake
Which English explorer ended up circumnavigating the globe after he was sent by Queen Elizabeth to find a water route to Asia?
Sir Francis Drake
What is the largest ethnic group in Russia?
Slavs
According to the video, which devastating disease was brought to Central America by the Spanish and wiped out thousands of Aztecs?
Smallpox
Luther's teaching of salvation by faith alone is known as ________.
Sola Fida
Luther's teaching of the Bible being the ultimate source of authority became known as ______.
Sola Scriptura
How was knowledge of the ancient world rediscovered at the end of the Middle Ages? [choose all that apply]
Soldiers returning home from the Crusades came into contact with the advanced Byzantine Empire Seeking safety from the advancing Muslim forces, Byzantine scholars brought knowledge of the ancient world with them as they fled to Italy Italian scholars discovered the works of Plato and Aristotle in libraries in Spain and other places
What motivated people from England and other parts of Europe to cross the dangerous Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World?
Some were fleeing religious persecution. Some were seeking social and political freedom. Some were seeking new economic opportunities.
Even though the British successfully captured the cities of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia and had defeated Washington's army countless times, the British still couldn't win the war in New England. So in 1778, the British decided to change their strategy by focusing on the _____.
South
After enduring years of English piracy, which country threatened to invade England in 1588 with a fleet of over 100 warships?
Spain
In 1492, which country finally agreed to sponsor Christopher Columbus' expedition?
Spain
Where was the great Renaissance writer Miguel de Cervantes from?
Spain
Which European country benefited the most from the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spain
In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas was signed by _____ and _____, which divided the New World between the two European countries.
Spain and Portugal
Why were the English late in arriving to the New World?
Spain was threatening to invade England.
Identify the exotic Asian trade goods Arab merchants sold to the Europeans during the Crusades.
Spices Porceliain Silk
Because of the safety and stability of Mongol rule, which goods made their way across the Silk Road to the Middle East and Europe?
Spices, Silk, Gunpowder
Which Christian Native American helped the Pilgrims grow food and establish their settlement in Plymouth?
Squanto
Which very recognizable church in Moscow did Ivan the Terrible build to honor his own victory over Kazan?
St. Basil's Cathedral
What great Mongol general was sent by Ogodei Khan to invade northern China, Russia, and eastern Europe?
Subotai
One of the first countries to experience the Protestant Reformation outside of Germany was the country of _________.
Switzerland
In The Last Supper, the disciples are in groups of three, there are three windows in the background, and three triangles are used to capture the point of origin. The significance and important of the number three is an example of ___.
Symbolism
Which of the following best describes the result of the early medieval Church leaning too much on the ideas of Plato?
The Church came to the incorrect conclusion that if the material world is bad, then the goal is to avoid the material aspects of life as much as possible. This led many to withdraw from the world to monasteries to live a life of prayer and meditation
Which of the following best describes the result of the early medieval Church leaning too much on the ideas of Plato?
The Church came to the incorrect conclusion that if the material world is bad, then the goal is to avoid the material aspects of life as much as possible. This led many to withdraw from the world to monasteries to live a life of prayer and meditation.
Why did the Separatists (Pilgrims) want to break away from the Church of England?
The Church of England retained too many Catholic traditions.
Which of the following describes the beneficial role of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages? [choose all that apply]
The Church sent out missionaries, helped the poor, and fed the hungry The Catholic Church worked to unify and stabilize Europe The Church established a set of rules known as the "Peace of God" in an attempt to protect innocent civilians from the numerous wars ravaging Europe
Which of the following statements best describes how the Crusades laid the foundation for the Age of Discovery?
The Crusades increased the power of the kings, who could now mobilize the wealth of an entire country to pay for the expensive voyages of exploration
Which Germanic tribe established a strong presence in Western Europe after the Fall of Rome?
The Franks
When war broke out between France and England in 1754 for control of North America, which side did most Native Americans join?
The French
The British decided to start taxing the American colonists after going into debt while waging which war during the 1750s and 1760s?
The French and Indian War
Outraged at what the National Assembly was trying to do, what blunder did the French king make in an attempt to protect his power?
The French king made the mistake of sending soldiers to arrest members of the National Assembly.
Where were William Shakespeare's plays performed?
The Globe Theater
The Scientific Revolution was a result of what time period in history?
The High Middle Ages
The roots of the Scientific Revolution can be traced back to what time period in history?
The High Middle Ages
Before the arrival of the Europeans, which native civilization dominated much of western South America during the 1400s?
The Incas
Which group of invaders were descendants of the Huns, fought on horseback, and invaded Europe from the east?
The Magyars
Which of the following political statements best describes Maya government?
The Maya were not a unified nation, but instead were a collection of city-states
What of the describes the fighting strategy of the Mongols?
The Mongols mastered the ability of knowing when to fake a withdraw, which would trick the enemy into pursuing, only to be cut down when the Mongols turned back around and charged
What statements best describe the Mongol invasion of Korea?
The Mongols only defeated the Koryo after years of intense fighting
Which of the following statements best reflect the difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance?
The Northern Renaissance placed more emphasis on spiritual themes and ideas
Which strain of the Black Death is the most contagious?
The Pneumonic Plague
Which of the following statements best describes the connection between the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery
The Renaissance created a curiosity about the unkown, including if it was possible to sail west to reach the Far East.
What famous discovery was made by a French soldier during Napoleon's Egyptian campaign?
The Rosetta Stone
Because of constant infighting, who did the Slavs invite to their land to provide order and stability?
The Rus
Which of the following was greatly influenced by the Renaissance? [choose all that apply]
The Scientific Revolution The Age of Discovery The Protestant Reformation
Why was John White delayed in returning to the Roanoke Island Colony?
The Spanish Armada was on the way to invade England.
Which important writing by John Locke greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence?
The Two Treatises on Government
As Europe came under attack from multiple invading groups during the Middle Ages, which group launched the most devastating attacks across the continent?
The Vikings
Where was Maya civilization located?
The Yucatan Peninsula in Central America
Which of the following would be a critical skill for an explorer to have?
The ability to locate key stars in the night sky
When John White finally returned to the Roanoke Island Colony, he found it abandoned with only one word carved into a tree or post. What was the word?
The answer on the test was none are correct The correct answer is 'CROATOAN'
Which of the following is a possible theory which explains what happened to the missing colonists?
The colonists were attacked by the Spanish. The bodies of the colonists were discovered, but it was covered up so their deaths wouldn't discourage future colonization. The colonists assimilated into a neighboring tribe.
Because of the way French society was structured, which class of people was forced to pay most of the taxes?
The commoners
French society was divided into three classes or Estates. Which class of people represented the Third Estate?
The commoners
Which of the following best describes the government of the Inca Empire?
The government was very involved in daily lives of the people and controlled every aspect of the economy.
Who is at the top of the feudal system?
The king
Which of the following describes an absolute monarchy?
The king or queen have no limits placed on their power.
What does the term divine right mean?
The king or queen receives the right to rule from God.
Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
The legislative branch
Which of the following statements best explains the Inca religion?
The most important Inca god was Inti. The Inca people believed that the emperor was related to the gods. The Inca religion was polytheistic.
Answer the following question about Shakespeare's Julius Caesar: Which of the following is the best explanation for why the Roman senators decided to assassinate Julius Caesar?
The murdered Caesar because they thought he was a tyrant and a threat to the liberty of the people
Which event sparked the start of the French Revolution in 1789?
The storming of the Bastille
According to the Aztec religion, why was human sacrifice practiced?
The sun would not rise the next day if human blood was not shed
Which of the following likely describes what the members of the First Crusade experienced when they arrived in the city of Constantinople?
They felt a sense of awe and shock as the witnessed the full glory of Roman civilization on display
Why did French philosophes like Voltaire and Montesquieu look to Britain for political ideas?
They believed that Britain's limited government with checks and balances should be copied in France
Why did French philosophes like Voltaire and Montesquieu, look to Britain for political ideas?
They believed that Britain's limited government with checks and balances should be copied in France.
Which of the following best describes why the original Jamestown settlers came to the New World?
They came to the New World seeking wealth.
How did the Jewish leaders convince the authorities to arrest Jesus?
They convinced the authorities that Jesus was undermining the emperor by claiming to be the king of the Jews
Which of the following describes the positive contributions of the ancient Greek philosophers and why the Church found much in common with their ideas? [choose all that apply]
They criticized those who placed too much value in earthly possessions and pleasure They taught that the universe was structured and orderly They believed in eternal ideas such as truth and goodness
Which of the following describes a contribution of the monastic orders during the Middle Ages?
They preserved great works of poetry and literature during the Middle Ages They preserved the Bible during the Middle Ages by copying it by hand They established schools, and universities, and helped the sick
Which of the following best describes the early Slavs of Russia?
They were relatively primitive compared to other civilizations and spent much of their time fighting each other
What was the great achievement of Ferdinand Magellan's crew?
They were the first to completely sail around the world.
When a scientist tests a hypothesis by conducting a series of experiments, this is which step in the scientific method?
Third
During the 1200s, which important theologian and scholar used the new popularity of Aristotle to argue that creation is good and worth understanding because it is the handiwork of a good Creator?
Thomas Aquinas
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
In 1545, Pope Paul III called for a church council to meet in the northern Italian city of Trent to discuss needed reforms within the Church and how to counter the Protestant movement. Which of the following describes the key decisions that were made during this time?
Three out of four answers are correct....these are correct..... To improve the moral and intellectual quality of its priests, the council established seminaries to train and educate those entering the priesthood. The Council of Trent agreed that certain Church practices needed to be cleaned up and reformed. With Luther's 95 Theses in mind, the council banned the sale of indulgences. The council rejected the Protestant doctrine of justification by faith alone, arguing that faith and works are both necessary for salvation.
What is the purpose of Medieval art?
To convey a spiritual message and glorify God
According to Sir Thomas More's book Utopia, what is the purpose of reason?
To create in men and women a love and reverence for God
What is the purpose of Renaissance art?
To glorify God and man
A key difference between Medieval art and Renaissance art is that Renaissance artists and writers wanted to portray the natural world and people as realistically as possible.
True
After the death of Edward, his half-sister Mary, was crowned queen of England and turned the country back towards Catholicism. She worked to place the Church of England back under the authority of the pope and anyone who disagreed with her decision was arrested and burned at the stake.
True
After two years of fighting in the Third Crusade, King Richard realized that he wouldn't be able to drive Saladin out of Jerusalem. On September 2, 1192, the two leaders negotiated a truce where Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, but Saladin would allow unarmed Christian pilgrims and travelers to enter Jerusalem unharmed.
True
Because the local lords could provide better protection against swift Viking and Magyar raids than a distant king, power shifted away from the monarchy to the nobility during much of the Middle Ages.
True
By 1429, France's economy, military, and population had been devastated by decades of war and chevauchees. But in 1429, the tide of the war turned in the favor of the French with the appearance of an unlikely hero: Joan of Arc.
True
Charlemagne became king of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and western Germany. He embarked on a mission to unite all Germanic peoples into one kingdom and convert his subjects to Christianity.
True
Charlemagne gave money and land to the Christian church and protected the pope. As a way to acknowledge Charlemagne's power and reinforce his relationship with the church, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans on December 25, 800, at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
True
Charlemagne promoted education and encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of renewed emphasis on scholarship and culture.
True
Charlemagne, also known Charles the Great, was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814.
True
During the early Middle Ages, the bishop of Rome assumed control over the church in Europe as people looked to him for leadership. With the Western Roman Empire gone, someone had to step in and fill the power void. By 500, the title of pope, or "Father-Protector," had been adopted, and the church proclaimed the pope to be Christ's substitute on earth.
True
Early reformers, like John Wycliffe and John Huss, argued that the pope is human and fallible and can make mistakes. Therefore the ultimate source of authority should rest with the Bible alone, since it is the Word of God and without error.
True
From 1066 to the present, England has never been successfully invaded.
True
In 1376, the Black Prince died of dysentery and soon the tide of the Hundred Years' War turned in the favor of the French. Under the brilliant French general Bertrand du Guesclin, France was able to retake most of the land they had lost.
True
In 313 A.D., Roman persecution ended when the Roman emperor Constantine, who witnessed a vision of a cross in the middle of a battle, legalized Christianity in the famous Edict of Milan. With the support of the Roman emperor, the church grew rapidly throughout the empire.
True
Which pope received a letter from the Christian Byzantine Empire in 1095, asking for help against the Muslim Turks?
Urban II
In the 800s, Vikings invaded England and conquered several of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Because of England's proximity to Scandinavia and the fact that it was an island and easily attacked by sea, England suffered immensely during the Viking Age.
True
It wasn't until the late 1800s and early 1900s that scientists figured out that the Black Death is spread by bacteria called Yersina pestis. Yersina pestis can travel from person-to-person or through the bite of infected fleas and rats.
True
King Edward of England had one key strategy early in the war: because the English had fewer men, Edward, and his son, would lead many small and fast moving raids, known as chevauchees, into France to plunder and destroy.
True
Luther blasted Tetzel and the Church for selling a piece of paper that in reality did nothing. Luther accused Pope Leo of taking advantage of the poor in an effort to raise money for his own building programs. Luther immediately sat down and wrote out 95 criticisms, or theses, of the sale of indulgences and posted the document on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517.
True
Martin Luther argued that the Bible teaches salvation by faith alone, while the Catholic Church emphasized salvation by faith and works.
True
Medieval architects purposefully designed Gothic cathedrals to overwhelm every single sense in the body and create a feeling as if walking into heaven for a brief moment.
True
Next to Martin Luther, John Calvin was the most important and influential Protestant reformer. After years of studying the writings of the Reformation, Calvin adopted Luther's teachings and became a Protestant in 1533.
True
One of the leaders of the Swiss Reformation was Ulrich Zwingli, a well-educated priest who was familiar with the works of Erasmus and Luther.
True
Originally, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius sent a letter to Pope Urban II in Rome simply requesting Italian mercenaries to help push the Muslim Turks back. Pope Urban took this request and transformed it into a religious endeavor that would become known as the First Crusade.
True
Political struggles soon erupted between the leaders of the Church and kings across Europe over many issues, including the appointment of Church officials to open positions. The pope argued that only the Church possessed the power to fill vacant Church positions, but rulers argued that the Church had no jurisdiction in their land.
True
The Battle of Crecy in 1346, established the military supremacy of the English longbow over the French crossbow and armored knights.
True
The Catholic Counter Reformation succeeded in stopping the spread of Protestantism in some areas of Europe, like Spain, Portugal, Italy, and most of France. With the help of the Jesuits, Catholicism rapidly spread across Central and South America as well. However, the Church couldn't prevent the ideas of Protestantism from taking root in northern and eastern Europe.
True
The Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits was founded in the 1530s by the Spanish soldier Ignatius Loyola. Ignatius ran the religious order like a military organization, requiring strict discipline and training for its members. The Jesuits took a vow of absolute obedience to the pope and were used by the Church to counter the Protestant movement and promote Catholicism.
True
The Treaty of Verdun, signed by the grandsons of Charlemagne in 843 A.D., divided the once powerful kingdom of the Franks into three smaller kingdoms. The western portion became France, the southern portion became Italy, and the eastern portion became Germany or the Holy Roman Empire.
True
The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 A.D. when Odoacer, a German chief, overthrew Romulus, the young emperor of Rome. Odoacer declared himself to be king of Italy, bringing the Western Roman Empire to an end.
True
The disciples and followers of Jesus became known Christians and were commanded by Christ to take the Gospel to the far ends of the earth.
True
The grandsons of Charlemagne weakened the kingdom of the Franks by fighting amongst themselves in a devastating civil war. Because of this civil war, the kingdom of the Franks became vulnerable to Viking and Magyar raids.
True
The historian Will Durant once noted that a great civilization is not conquered from without until it has destroyed itself from within.
True
The most important principle of the Magna Carta is that everyone is under the law, including the king. This principle eventually became the foundation of all modern governments and legal systems in Europe and the United States.
True
The rediscovered works of ancient Greece and Rome transformed the view of mankind in 14th century Europe. Old Medieval ideas were cast aside, and a new emphasis was placed on human individuality and achievement. Mankind was to be glorified and celebrated. This cultural shift was clearly reflected in the writings and art of the Renaissance.
True
Upon Henry's death in 1547, his nine-year-old son Edward was crowned as the next king of England. It was during Edward's reign that Protestantism was established in England and many Catholic rituals and ceremonies were banned.
True
With the Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars invading from all directions, the commoners of Europe quickly turned to their local lords and nobles for protection. This system of exchanging service for protection became known as the feudal system.
True
Within ten years, Abu Bakr and his successors had conquered the Arabian Peninsula, the Persian Empire, much of the Byzantine Empire, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, much of North Africa, and had even reached as far east as India. The armies of Islam were now in control of an empire that stretched for thousands of miles.
True
What could prevent or throw off the calculations being made by an explorer who is using an astrolabe?
Trying to use the device on a cloudy day Trying to use the device on a cloudy night The rocking of the ship
Lice, rodents, and contaminated drinking water on board a ship commonly led to an outbreak of which disease?
Typhoid fever
A certificate purchased from the Church that forgave sins and reduced the required stay in purgatory was known as ______________.
an indulgence
An explorer by the name of James Cook found a way to prevent scurvy by ___.
cooking sauerkraut and dried vegetable soup for his men
For hundreds of years, people had accepted Aristotle and Ptolemy's geocentric theory that the ____ was the center of the universe.
earth
Kepler discovered that the earth and planets orbit the sun in a(n) ________ path, which became one of the three laws of planetary motion.
elliptical
Those who disobeyed a Church law or were accused of heresy could be __________, or removed from the Church.
excommunicated
In an effort to protect as many as possible from the horror of war, the pope threatened the rulers and warriors of Europe with ____________ if they harmed the innocent.
excommunication
During the Middles Ages, an oath of loyalty taken by an individual to serve a lord or king was known as an oath of _____.
fealty
The ________ was a graceful stone arm that leaned against the outside wall to help support the weight of the roof.
flying buttress
In 1204, Crusaders from the ___ Crusade betrayed the Byzantines and captured the city of Constantinople.
fourth
Renaissance artists emphasized the uniqueness of each human face and figure. which became known as ___________.
individualism
In 1514, Pope Leo X launched a campaign to renovate St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Needing money, Leo sent out friars, monks, and priests to sell documents known as _______, that when purchased, forgave people of their sins and reduced the required stay in purgatory.
indulgences
Some of the clergy believed that the best way to serve God and avoid worldly temptation was to take a vow of ________ and join a religious order.
monasticism
The _______ is the triangular section above the structure.
pediment
Renaissance artists used a technique called _________ to give paintings the appearance of depth and distance.
perspective
The _______ is the raised platform the building sits on.
podium
The ______ allows the structure to support a significant amount of weight, which means that a Gothic cathedral could safely soar to great heights above the town below.
pointed arch
Mary died in 1558 and was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I, who restored the supremacy of the monarch over the Church of England, rejected the authority of the ____, and turned the country back towards Protestantism.
pope
At the center of Calvin's teaching was the doctrine of ____________, which strongly emphasized the sovereignty of God. This belief holds that not only does God know who is going to be saved, but God actively chooses or elects who will be saved.
predestination
Renaissance artists tried to portray people, nature, and objects in their proper size and shape. This artistic technique is known as __________.
proportion
Believing that Russia should continue the legacy of Rome and Constantinople, Ivan began referring to Moscow as the "_______ Rome."
third
The Roman Empire covered ___ continent(s).
three
In The Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci utilizes which kind of turn to capture the facial features of the figure?
three-quarters turn
During the High Middle Ages, centers of learning moved away from monasteries to _________, which were established by the Christian Scholastics in an effort to better understand the world God had created.
universities