History of Aviation Exam 1

Who were Henry Farman, the Short brothers, Louis Bleriot, and Igor Sikorsky?

Farman: Established his own production company, first pilot to fly 100 miles Short Brothers: First airplane manufacturer company Bleroit: Flew across english channel Sikorsky: Built a helicopter but it failed, and started to designed and improved bigger airplanes

How did France become the leading aviation country in the world before the war?

French companies produced 1350 airplanes in 1911 alone, prior to the war.

By the end of the war, what airplanes demonstrated the bomber as a mature-for-the-time technology?

German multi-engines G and R planes, French Breguet XIV bomber

Regarding airships during World War 1, who made airships raids against whom - and why?

Germany against Belgium and France airships were great for reconnaissance and dropping bombs

Which member of the Aerial Experiment Association used the experience he gained to start a successful aircraft company in 1909?

Glenn Curtiss

Which country produced the most aircraft during WWI?

Great Britain

What was an airplane as defined by the Wright patent of 1906?

Heavier than air, flying machine

Who succeeded in making the first dirigible flight?

Henri Giffard

What made the balloon JAC Charles first flew different from the Montgolfier designs?

Hydrogen filled

In 1913, the Grand stunned the world with the aircraft's size and sophistication. Who was the Grand's designer?

Igor Sikorsky

The Wright Brothers achieved the first, manned, powered, controlled, and sustained flights of an airplane on December 17th of what year?

1903

When did the Federation Aeronautique Internationale form and why?

1905, world governing body for air sports, aeronautics and astronautics world record.

What was a Zeppelin?

A large rigid airship with aluminum frame and multiple hydrogen gas compartments

What kinds of airplanes did Glenn Curtiss build?

A single seat pusher

Who was the Brazilian aviation pioneer who built and flew dirigibles and an airplane?

Alberto Santos-Dumont

What was the aviation as invented by Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1783?

Invented Hot Air Balloons

What restrictions did the treaty of versailles place on german aviation?

It caused forced reduction of aircrafts and set limits on german armed forces, including aerial, naval, or military forces

How effective was the airships as a bomber?

It could carry large bomb loads, but it was to big, slow, and a easy target to take down

What makes a balloon dirigible?

It must be able to be directionally controlled

Why did nations transition away from airships to airplanes as bombers as the war progressed?

Less vulnerable to defensive fire and weather

When did the passenger plane become a reality?

May 14, 1908

What was the first airplane flight in Europe, and why does that flight receive the credit?

Alberto Santos-Dumont's biplane

During the war, why did the United States fail to produce significant numbers of aircraft for use in Europe?

Most of the aircraft used in Europe were supplied by French

What were the major steps or processes in the production of aircraft during World War 1?

Assembly of the wing structures, fabric covering applied, installations of engines, final assembly of all components

When developing his airships, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin recognized the military need for an aircraft that could withstand what?

Bad weather

What wartime technological developments contributed to the fighter as a military type of airplane?

Mounted machine guns, wireless communications to ground, forward machine gun fired through the propellers

In WWI, which branch of the German military made the most use of airships?

Navy

How are Balloonists, Dirigibles, and Airships similar? and how different?

Balloons: do not have directional control or propulsion source Dirigibles: can be directed and steered Airship: is a dirigible with a rigid or semi-rigid internal framework

The Wright Brothers first applied for a patent on their "flying machine" before or after their successful airplane flights?

Before

Why were lighter-than-air aircraft superior to airplanes as bombers air the start of WWI?

Could carry heavy loads

Orville Wright won the 1913 Collier trophy for what achievement in aeronautics?

Development of the automatic stabilizer

Who was the first person to fly?

Etienne Montgolfier

How did exhibition flying and stunt flying differ?

Exhibition: designers/builders fly their airplanes to show them off Stunt: daredevil flying

Inspired by George Cayley and Otto Lilienthal, the Wrights designed their aircraft to be inherently stable.

False

Walter Wellman designed his own airship for use on his North Pole expeditions.

False

Why did the balloonists ascend during the 19th century?

Fame,Military,Spectacle of Flight,Exhibition and Distance

Why did newspapers sponsor flying competitions, and why did aviators compete?

Newspaper expressed interest in aviation as news and pilots completed stunts to achieve newsworthy goals in aviation and to win money.

The French were the first to experiment with military aviation by forming the Compagnie 'd Aerostiers in 1794. What was the company's mission in combat?

Observation

In 1903, ______________ lectured in Paris on his own gliders and the Wright brothers' gliders, inspiring European development of the airplane.

Octave Chanute

Who wrote Progress in Flying Machines, the aviation history book published in 1894?

Octave Chanute

What was the aerial experiment association?

Organized by Alexander Graham Bell with the purpose of building a practical airplane

Although he believed the powered airplane would be an ornithopter, this man's experiments with gliders placed him at the state of the art in aviation before a crash caused his death in August 1896.

Otto Lilienthal

Who was the head of the German Naval Airship Division in WWI?

Peter Strasser

What effects did the Treaty of Versailles have on German aviation?

Prohibited military air force, and heavily restricted civil aviation

Where was the first international air show held?

Rheims, France

What is the key difference between a dirigible and an airship?

Rigidity of the balloon

How did early balloonists attempt to steer their balloon? Were they successful?

Sails, wings, and oars. No

Who was the first to aeronautically identify the basic form and elements of a modern airplane?

Sir George Cayley

What glider experiments influenced the design of the airplane?

Sir George Cayley's Experiments

In 1905, Gabriel Voisin and Ernest Archdeacon formed ______________________, one of the first companies organized to make heavier-than-air craft.

Syndicat d' Aviation

Who achieved the first public flight of a balloon?

The Montgolfier Brothers

What did the Wright brothers accomplish in 1903?

The first manned, powered flight

What distinguished the Wrights' flights of 17 December 1903 from earlier heavier-than-air flights?

The flight was powered, others were gliders

What affect did the Armistice and the various peace treaties have on aircraft production and military aviation?

The government cancelled orders of aircraft, some went out of business

Why did the Wright brothers apply for a patents?

The patent allowed them to make, use, sell their products

What was Glenn Curtiss's position regarding the Wrights' patent for a flying machine?

The placement of the ailerons was the main argument regarding this patent

How did the Wright's bicycle business help their aviation ventures?

The shop helped him fund, but their crafting skills helped them craft their airplanes

In what ways did the Montgolfier brothers and J.A.C. Charles finance their balloon experiments?

Their parents were wealthy papermakers

Why were lighter-than-air craft used in the arctic?

To explore and look for the north pole

What were the military applications or uses of balloons?

Used for observation and to direct troops

Why did the Wright brothers leave the Wright Company, Wilbur in 1912 and Orville in 1915?

Wilbur died, Orville didn't have the business skills continue.

Which of the following were not used to power early dirigibles?

Wind

Match the following airplane parts with their descriptions.

Wing Correct A. Airfoil that creates a pressure differential, producing lift Fuselage Correct B. Body of an aircraft Empennage Correct E. Tail assembly of an aircraft Rudder Correct D. Controls rotation of an aircraft around the vertical or yaw axis Elevator Correct C. Controls rotation of an aircraft around the lateral or pitch axis

What control system did the Wright Brothers use for the roll axis of their gliders and airplanes?

Wing Warping

Which of the following was not a major function of pre-war aero clubs?

Write aviation regulations

What was the target of Germany's first airship bombing mission against Britain?

Yarmouth

The Aeriel Experiment Association was formed by Alexander Graham Bell with the goal of developing what?

a practical airplane