History of Organic Chemistry

Chromatography

an important analytic technique used for separation and purification

Hermann Kolbe

Synthesized acetic acid

aniline purple

other term for perkin's mauve

Friedrich Kekule

Discovery of the chemical structure of benzene (ring of 6 carbon atoms)

Wallace Carothers

Invented Nylon

nylon

Less expensive than silk for making hosiery the most commercially successful synthetic polymer in the history

Adolf von Baeyer

begins work on indigo dye

Linus Carl Pauling

concept of hybridization and chemical bonding and resonance as a means to explain the structure of benzene

Friedrich Wohler and Justus von Liebig

discovered and explained functional groups and radicals

Bohr model of atom

electron exists only in strictly defined orbitals

acid

electron pair acceptor

base

electron pair donor

Alexander Parkes

exhibits Parkesine

Bakelite

first commercially successful heat resistant plastic

Perkin's Mauve

first synthetic dye

Parkesine

first synthetic polymers or the foundation of the modern plastics industry

Jons Jakob Berzelius

first to distinguish between organic and inorganic compound

Carbonyl

functional group for aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters

William Henry Perkin

he proposed Perkin's Mauvine (purple dye)

Leo Hendrik Baekeland

invented bakelite

Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet

invented chromatography

indigo dye

it revolutionizes the dye industry.

Benjamin Silliman Jr.

pioneers methods of petroleum cracking

Gilbert Lewis

proposed the acid and base

Gilbert Lewis

proposed the valence bond theory

Friedrich Wohler

proposed to synthesized urea

Jons Jakob Berzelius

proposes modern chemical symbols and notation, and of the concept of relative atomic weight.

covalent bonding

sharing of electronic

Friedrich Kekule

tetravalency of carbon

vital force theory

theory that abandon the synthesise of urea

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Joseph Achille Le Bel

they worked independently and developed the model of chemical bonding that explains the chirality experiments of Pasteur and provides a physical cause for optical activity in chiral compounds.

urea

used for chemical fertilizers for crops

1865

year when Adolf von Baeyer begins work on indigo dye, a milestone in modern industrial organic chemistry which revolutionizes the dye industry.

1862

year when Alexander Parkes exhibits Parkesine, one of the earliest synthetic polymers, at the International Exhibition in London.

1855

year when Benjamin Silliman Jr. pioneers methods of petroleum cracking

1857

year when Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz proposes that carbon is tetravalent

1865

year when Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, based partially on the work of Loschmidt and others, establishes structure of benzene

1832

year when Friedrich Wohler and Justus von Liebig discovered and explained functional groups and radicals

1828

year when Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea

1916

year when Gilber Lewis proposed the valence bond theory

1847

year when Hermann Kolbe synthesized acetic acid

1873

year when Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff and Joseph Achille Le Bel, worked independently, developed the model of chemical bonding that explains the chirality experiments of Pasteur and provides a physical cause for optical activity in chiral compounds.

1808

year when Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed the modern chemical symbols and notation, and of the concept of relative atomic weight.

1907

year when Leo Hendrick Baekeland invented bakelite

1923

year when Lewis Gilbert proposed the Acid and Base

1939

year when Linus Carl Pauling proposed the concept of hybridization

1903

year when Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet invents chromatography

1913

year when Niels Bohr invented the Bohr model of atom

1935

year when Wallace Carothers invented the nylon

1856

year when William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve