History of Rock Exam #2
The Monkees
American made for TV group patterned after the Beatles.;
Newport Folk Festival
An annual folk festival that was first held in 1959 in Newport, Rhode Island.;
Respect
Aretha Franklin;
Jerry Wexler
Atlantic Records producer.;
2nd characteristic of Stax Sound
Bare bones instrumentation of bass, drums, guitar, piano or organ, horn section;
He was the founder of Motown Records
Berry Gordy;
This album has a rock rhythm section on side one, acoustic guitar accompaniment on side two
Binging it All Back Home;
Righteous Brothers
Blue-eyed soul singing duo consisting of Bill Medley and Bobbie Hatfield.;
Blonde on Blonde
Bob Dylan #1;
Blood on the Tracks
Bob Dylan #2;
Bringing It All Back Home
Bob Dylan #3;
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan #4;
Blowin in the Wind
Bob Dylan;
Like a Rolling Stone
Bob Dylan;
Rainy Day Women #12 & 35
Bob Dylan;
Subterranean Homesick Blues
Bob Dylan;
This album was known as "Hammond's Folly"
Bob Dylan;
This soul group had two white members and two black members
Booker T and the MGs;
Green Onions
Booker T. and the MG's;
The Band
Canadian/American rock band that formerly was known as the Hawks.;
The Hawks
Canadian/American rock band that later became known as the Band.;
"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" was the first hit song for
Carole King and Gerry Goffin (the Shirelles);
Which songwriter was associated with Brill Building pop (Hank Ballard, Arthur "Big Boy" Drudup Irving Berlin Carole King)
Carole King;
The Twist
Chubby Checker;
Step 2 of Motown Process
Dance Lessons. Choreographer Cholly Atkins, a well-known dancer from the heydays of the Swing Era in 1930s and 1940s Harlem, taught dance steps and graceful body moves coordinated to the music.;
Left wing folk song conspiracy
Describes the association between folk music and liberal politics throughout much of the early 20th century.;
Miserlou
Dick Dale and the Del Tones;
Walk on By
Dionne Warwick;
John and Alan Lomax
Father/son musicologists.;
The Kingston Trio
Fifties folk revival folk group.;
2nd characteristic of Motown sound
Rock-solid groove, anchored by Benny Benjamin's drums and James Jamerson's innovative syncopated electric bass;
A Change is Gonna Come
Sam Cooke;
His first pop hit was made under an assumed name in order not to offend his gospel fans
Sam Cooke;
Soul Man
Sam and Dave;
He was known as the "Hardest Working Man in Show Business"
James Brown;
His music made use of a musical technique called minimalism
James Brown;
Live at the Apollo
James Brown;
House of the Rising Sun
Joan Baez;
What's Going On
Marvin Gaye;
Smokey Robinson and the Miracles
Motown act led by the singer/songwriter.;
The Marvelettes
Motown act whose "Please Mr. Postman" became the label's first #1 hit.;
Martha and the Vandellas
Motown act.;
The Four Tops
Motown act.;
The Supremes/Diana Ross
Motown female vocal group/lead singer.;
The Temptations
Motown male vocal group.;
Marvin Gaye
Motown soul singer.;
Stevie Wonder
Motown soul singer.;
The Snakepit
Motown's recording studio, located in the basement of 2648 West Grand, was a tiny room affectionately called the Snakepit. Although at first all the musicians and singers were recorded together using two and three track recorders, in 1964 the Snakepit installed an eight-track recorder that allowed Motown producers to record more elaborate productions in stages, overdubbing strings, horns, and percussion on top of the rhythm section and vocals.;
Step 4 of Motown Process
Music Production. In-house songwriters, arrangers, producers, session musicians, and engineers produce the music to fit the individual sound of each artist.;
Dick Dale and the Del
Tones-Los Angeles-based surf band led by guitarist Dick Dale.;
4th characteristic of Motown sound
Use of added percussion to emphasize the backbeat;
Sam Cooke
Velvety voice soul singer.;
3rd characteristic of Stax Sound
Very tight yet uncluttered groove in rhythm section;
5th characteristic of Motown sound
Vocal harmonies used extensive;
Aldon Music
A songwriting company founded in New York in 1958 by Al Nevins and Don Kirshner.;
Stax Recordings
"Green Onions": Booker T. and the MG's, 1962 "In the Midnight Hour": Wilson Pickett, 1965 "Soul Man": Sam and Dave, 1967 "(Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay": Otis Redding, 1967;
Motown Recordings
"My Girl": The Temptations, 1965 "You Keep Me Hangin' on": the Supremes, 1966 "Reach Out I'll Be There": The Four Tops, 1966 "I Heard It Through the Grapevine": Marvin Gaye, 1968;
Banana Boat Song
(Day-O)- Harry Belafonte;
Falsetto
A technique where male singers sing in a very high "head" voice that is beyond their natural vocal range.;
Cold Sweat
James Brown;
He had idiosyncratic vocal style that included grunts, screams, shrieks, and wails
James Brown;
He was influential to both funk and hip hop
James Brown;
Bubblegum
A short-lived strand of carefully crafted sing along pop songs aimed at pre-teens that was generally produced in the studio by session players.;
Chubby Checker
1960s pop singer who recorded "The Twist.";
Gold Star Studios
A Los Angeles studio often used by Phil Spector, the Beach Boys and others in the early 1960s.;
Surf
A driving, high energy and primarily instrumental music style associated with the surfing culture of early 1960s Southern California.;
Overdubbing
A feature of multitrack tape recorders that allows the recording of additional parts independently of each other while listening to previously recorded tracks with headphones.;
Hootenanny
A folk jam session where traditional folk songs are sung.;
The Wrecking Crew
A loose collection of Los Angeles studio musicians often used by Phil Spector and other producers in the early 1960s.;
Rolling Thunder Review
A loose collection of musicians that toured with Bob Dylan in 1975.;
Soul music
A more pop oriented version of R&B containing heavy influences from gospel that is associated with the 1960s. Characteristics of soul include a powerful rhythmic drive from the bass and drums, melismatic singing, and in some cases, heavy orchestrations.;
Beat writers
A name given to authors and poets such as Jack Kerouac, William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg who gained notoriety in the 1950s and espoused a philosophy of existentialism and a rejection of materialism.;
Wall of Sound
A production technique developed and popularized by Phil Spector that involved the use of large instrumental groups, liberal doses of reverb, and multi-track overdubbing.;
Motown Records
A record label founded in Detroit in 1959 by Berry Gordy that specialized in highly produced soul.;
Stax Records
A record label founded in Memphis in 1957 as Satellite Records by Jim Stewart. The label changed its name to Stax in 1961;
Traveling Wilburys
A rock group consisting of Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, Jeff Lynne, George Harrison, and Roy Orbison.;
Basement Tapes
A series of recordings made by Bob Dylan and members of the Band in Woodstock, NY in early 1967.;
Step one of Motown Process
Finishing School. Modeling expert Maxine Powell taught the proper way to walk, talk, and dress as successful young debutantes and debonair gentleman.;
Woody Guthrie
Folksinger, songwriter, composer of many songs including "This Land Is Your Land.";
Joan Baez
Folksinger, songwriter, known as "The Queen of Folk.";
Bob Dylan
Folksinger, songwriter.;
Pete Seeger
Folksinger/songwriter.;
Rick Hall
Founder of FAME Music Studio.;
Berry Gordy¬¬
Founder of Motown Records.;
Jim Stewart/Estelle Axton
Founders of Stax Records.;
5th characteristic of Stax Sound
Generally no vocal harmonies or backup vocals; vocalists have more "elbow room" with bare bones arrangements;
Phil Spector most often worked at this studio
Gold Star Studios;
Paul Butterfield Blues Band
Group that played with Bob Dylan at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival.;
He/She was instrumental in starting a calypso fad in the late 1950s
Harry Belafonte;
3rd characteristic of Motown sound
Heavy use of string and horn orchestration and reverberation, ala Phil Spector's Wall of Sound;
4th characteristic of Stax Sound
Horns scored in punchy unison lines and chords;
Dick Clark
Host of American Bandstand.;
Carole King/Jerry Goffin
Husband/wife songwriting team that worked for Aldon Music.;
Phil Spector
Important producer who conceived of the girl group format and the Wall of Sound production style.;
Which is true of Blood on the Tracks
It was recorded in New York and Minneapolis;
He refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee
Pete Seeger;
We Shall Overcome
Pete Seeger;
If I Had a Hammer
Peter Paul and Mary;
His very first record production, "To Know Him Is to Love Him" went to #1 on the charts
Phil Spector;
Dionne Warwick
Pop singer known for singing many Bacharach/David songs.;
1st characteristic of Motown sound
Pop-oriented, smoothing over most of the rough edges of other soul music;
Peter, Paul and Mary
Popular folk group from the 1960s.;
1st characteristic of Stax Sound
Raw, gritty, powerful, emotional;
I Got A Women
Ray Charles;
Step 5 of Motown Process
Record Distribution. Records are pressed and distributed throughout the country by the various Motown labels.;
Fifties folk revival
Refers to the renewed interest in folk music that occurred in the late 1950s after an earlier anti-Communist furor had pushed it underground.;
Brian Wilson
Singer, songwriter, bass player, and producer; member of the Beach Boys.;
The Tracks of My Tears
Smokey Robinson and the Miracles;
Jerry Leiber/Mike Stoller
Songwriting team that wrote "Hound Dog," "On Broadway" and many others.;
Doc Pomus/Mort Shuman
Songwriting team that wrote "Viva Los Vegas" among others.;
Burt Bacharach/Hal David
Songwriting team that wrote hits including "Don't Make Me Over" and "Walk on By.";
James Brown
Soul singer, bandleader known as "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business.";
Aretha Franklin
Soul singer.;
Ray Charles
Soul singer/pianist, whose record "I Got a Woman" is credited at being the first soul record.;
Step 3 of Motown Process
Stage Presence. Maurice King, executive musical director, taught stage patter, presence, and projecting a friendly, nonconfrontational persona.;
Isaac Hayes/David Porter
Stax Records songwriting/production team.;
Booker T. and the MGs
Stax instrumental group that also served as the house rhythm section.;
Sam and Dave
Stax soul act.;
Otis Redding
Stax soul singer.;
Wilson Pickett
Stax/Atlantic soul singer;
Fingertips Pt 2
Stevie Wonder;
Step 6 of Motown Process
Talent Agency. Artist contracts, management, and touring schedules are overseen by the in-house talent agency.;
Good Vibrations
The Beach Boys;
Pet Sounds
The Beach Boys;
Wouldn't it be Nice
The Beach Boys;
He's a Rebel
The Crystals;
On Broadway
The Drifters;
Tom Dooley
The Kingston Trio;
The Last Train to Clarksville
The Monkees;
Funk Brothers
The Motown house rhythm section.;
You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling
The Righteous Brothers;
Will You Love Me Tomorrow
The Shirelles;
Where did The Love Go
The Supremes;
Teen Idols
The clean-cut, wholesome singers that the major labels promoted in the late 1950s and early 1960s to counter the success of independent label R&B and rock and roll.;
Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section
The house rhythm section at Fame Studio.;
The Beach Boys
The most famous surf group.;
Holland/Dozier/Holland
The most important Motown songwriting/producing team.;
Girl groups
The name given to the young female vocal groups that emerged in the early 1960s, primarily through the promotion of Phil Spector. Story lines for girl group songs usually included reference to boyfriends and the worthlessness of the girls' lives without them.;
Wobblies
The nickname for the International Workers of the World labor union;
Hammond's Folly
The nickname given to Bob Dylan's eponymous debut album, produced by the legendary John Hammond.;
The Ed Sullivan Show
The popular TV show running from 1948 to 1971 on which many rock stars, including Elvis Presley and the Beatles appeared.;
Payola
The practice of bribes (in the form of gifts, favors, or cash) made by record labels to get DJs to play their songs; Variety Magazine coined the term in 1938.
Fame Studios
The recording studio founded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama in 1959 by Rick Hall. The name is an acronym for Florence Alabama Music Enterprises.;
American Bandstand
The television show began in 1952 and hosted by Dick Clark from 1956 to 1987 that featured teens dancing to popular hit songs.;
Brill Building Pop
The term to describe the pop songs that emerged from professional songwriters based in and around New York's Brill Building in the late 1950s and early 1960s.;
Calypso
The traditional folk music of Trinidad.;
Minimalism
The use of short repeating musical phrases to create a hypnotic effect.;
In the Midnight Hour
Wilson Pickett;
He wrote songs about the plight of the common man
Woody Guthrie;
Pretty Boy Floyd
Woody Guthrie;
Rick Hall
the owner of FAME studios;
