History of Rock Exam 2 Study Guide

The Moody Blues

Days of Future Passed by art rock band is programmatic music that paved the way for other art rock bands.

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Deliberately old-fashioned rock 'n' roll band who restored to rock music a sense of its roots at precisely the point when the majority of important rock musicians seemed to be pushing the envelope of novel possibilities. From California, dressed down.

Chris Barber

Donald Christopher Barber OBE is an English jazz musician, best known as a bandleader and trombonist.

Earth, Wind, and Fire

Earth, Wind & Fire is an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, disco, pop, rock, dance, Latin, and Afro pop. They have been described as one of the most innovative and commercially successful acts of all time.

Elton John

Sir Elton Hercules John CH CBE is an English singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer. Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold over 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Can often be seen as extravengent. Was not the writer of his music. He was performer and composer.

Altamont

Site of a free concert staged by The Rolling Stones in December 1969 that was marked by violence from the Hell's Angels.

Sly and the Family Stone

Sly and the Family Stone was an American band from San Francisco. Active from 1966 to 1983, it was pivotal in the development of funk, soul, rock, and psychedelic music.

groove

dance or listen to popular or jazz music, especially that with an insistent rhythm. Almost the feel of a certain music.

Acid Tests

dances/events organized around lights, SFX, and Rock Music designed to intensify the effects of LSD.

Andrew Loog Oldham

manager and producer of the Rolling Stones. Not as good around the studio as George Martin.

Aretha Franklin

"The Queen of Soul," she began singing gospel music at an early age and had several hit records with Atlantic, including "Respect" in 1967 and "Think" in 1968.

The Human Be-in

(1967) kinda like a sit-in; activist show world peace, hindu prayer

Bob Dylan

60's musician. Part of counterculture revolution through music. anti-war and anti-government. Popularized the use of lyrics to be an important, ambiguous medium of communication.

Motown

60s Detroit The Temptations, The Supremes, Stevie Wonder.

The Rolling Stones

A British rock group who cultivated an image as "bad boys" in deliberate contrast to the friendly public image projected by the Beatles. Heavily influenced by Blues UK scene.

sound collage

A compositional technique created by Grandmaster Flash in which sound clips of recorded material are cut and pasted together.

Woodstock

A free music festival that attracted more than 400,000 young people to a farm in upstate New York in August 1969. Assosiated with drugs, psychadelic rock, and craze.

Haigh-Ashbury

Birthplace of the 1960s counterculture movement, Haight-Ashbury draws a lively, diverse crowd looking to soak up the historic hippie vibe. Upper Haight Street is a hodgepodge of vintage clothing boutiques, record shops, bookstores, dive bars and casual, eclectic restaurants. Bordering Golden Gate Park, the neighborhood features many colorful, well-preserved Victorian homes, including the storied Grateful Dead House.

Liverpool

City of many rock artists including The Beatles.

Complex time signature

Complex time signatures don't follow typical duple or triple meters.

Cream

Cream were a British rock band formed in London in 1966. The group consisted of bassist Jack Bruce, guitarist Eric Clapton, and drummer Ginger Baker. Bruce was the primary songwriter and vocalist, although Clapton and Baker also sang and contributed songs. Also took part in amp race.

Delayed Backbeat

Created a very laid back mood and feel

Brian Wilson

Creative genius of The Beach Boys. Wanted to be better than the Beatles and other artists.

Curtis Mayfield

Curtis Lee Mayfield was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, and one of the most influential musicians behind soul and politically conscious African-American music.

EMI

EMI Group Limited was a British transnational conglomerate founded in March 1931 in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth largest business group and record label conglomerate in the music industry, and was one of the "Big Four" record companies

Timothy Leary

Former Harvard psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use as a way to open and expand the mind.

Berry Gordy

Founder of Motown Records

Genesis

Genesis are an English rock band formed at Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, in 1967. The most commercially successful and longest-lasting line-up consists of keyboardist Tony Banks, bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford and drummer/singer Phil Collins. Prog Rock.

Spontaneous Underground

In 1966 Pink Floyd had started to play at events organised by Bernard Stollman, a New Yorker who'd come to England and begun a casual Sunday afternoon gathering of musicians, poets and artists at the Marquee Club, which he called Spontaneous Underground. So casual indeed, that the Marquee did not think it important enough to include in its regular weekly Melody Maker ad along side The Move, the Spencer Davis Group, The Small Faces and the rest. Stollman instead put out his own distinctive flyers that promised " poets, pop singers, hoods, Americans, homosexuals (because they make up 10% of the population), 20 clowns, jazz musicians, 'one murderer', sculptors, politicians and some girls who defy description".

Kent State Killings

In April of 1970, police fired into an angry crowd of college students at Kent State University. Four students were killed and many others were wounded. The students were protesting against Nixon ordering US troops to seize Cambodia without consulting Congress.

San Francisco

It was associated with the counterculture community in San Francisco, particularly the Haight-Ashbury district, during these years.

James Taylor

James Vernon Taylor is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide. "Fire and Rain". "Singer-songwriter"

Big Brother and the Holding Company

Janis Joplin's band

Janis Joplin

Janis Lyn Joplin was an American singer-songwriter who sang rock, soul and blues music. One of the most successful and widely known rock stars of her era, she was noted for her powerful mezzo-soprano vocals and "electric" stage presence.

Jefferson Airplane

Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band based in San Francisco, California, that became one of the pioneering bands of psychedelic rock. Formed in 1965, the group defined the San Francisco Sound and was the first from the Bay Area to achieve international commercial success.

Dick Dale

King of Surf Guitar. "Miserlou".

The Allman Brothers

Line up for the band: two lead guitars, two drummers. "Roots-Rock" band. From Georgia and two of them are brothers. Counter culture vibe.

London

London's music scene was transformed during the early 1960s by an explosion of self-described rhythm-and-blues bands that started out in suburban pubs and basements where students, former students, and could-have-been students constituted both the audience and the performers. In short order many of these bands were making records and replacing the jazz bands in jazz clubs in the middle of town. Their high-profile managers proceeded to change the character of the British music business, often showing a greater flair for entertainment and controversy than their artists. Several went on to form successful independent labels, notably Andrew Oldham (manager of the Rolling Stones), who formed Immediate Records and persuaded a couple of successful acts to leave the labels that had launched them (the Small Faces, Fleetwood Mac); Chris Stamp and Kit Lambert (managers of the Who), who signed the Jimi Hendrix Experience to their Track label; Robert Stigwood (manager of the Bee Gees), who launched Cream on his Reaction label; and Chris Wright and Terry Ellis (managers of Jethro Tull), who launched Chrysalis, initially licensed through Chris Blackwell's Island Records, the pioneer independent label of the era.

Decca

Major international label featuring both Buddy Holly and Bill Haley

Marvin Gaye

Marvin Gaye was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He helped to shape the sound of Motown in the 1960s, first as an in-house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits, earning him the nicknames "Prince of Motown" and "Prince of Soul".

"Rootsy"

Music having a seemingly more authentic and down to earth elements.

Atlantic Records

New York-based independent label featuring Ray Charles, Ruth Brown, The Coasters, and The Drifters

Dylan Playing at Newport 1965

On this day in 1965, Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival, performing a rock-and-roll set publicly for the very first time while a chorus of shouts and boos rained down on him from a dismayed audience.

Parliament Funkadelic

Parliament-Funkadelic is an American funk music collective of rotating musicians headed by George Clinton, primarily consisting of the bands Parliament and Funkadelic, both active since the 1960s. "Two sides of the same coin"

Greenwich Village

Part of Manhattan where many artists, writers, and intellectuals flocked

Pink Floyd

Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining a following as a psychedelic pop group, they were distinguished for their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows, and became a leading band of the progressive rock genre.

Led Zeppelin

Pioneers in hard rock. Loud and soft (dark and light) sounds. Power trio and front man: Robert Plant.

raga rock

Raga rock is rock or pop music with a pronounced Indian influence, either in its construction, its timbre, or its use of Indian musical instruments, such as the sitar and tabla. Popular in psychedelic rock.

Moog Synthesizer

Robert Moog invented the Moog synthesizer, it was the first to use a piano-style keyboard

The Grateful Dead

San Francisco-based psychedelic band featuring Jerry Garcia

Santana

Santana is an American rock band formed in San Francisco in 1966 by Mexican-American guitarist and songwriter Carlos Santana. The band has undergone multiple recording and performing line-ups in its history, with Carlos Santana the only consistent member.

Project MKUltra

Secret CIA program in the 50's, 60's, and 70's that involved testing drugs, such as LSD, heroin, and marijuana, on unwitting American and Canadian participants with the purpose of finding a drug that could be used for mind control. The project was one of many secret CIA projects that was exposed by the Church Committee in 1975 and was one of the projects that brought a great deal of public criticism upon the CIA

Carole King

Singer-songwriter who wrote many hits in the 1960s with Gerry Goffin. In 1971, the success of her album Tapestry made her a major recording star.

Joni Mitchell

Singer-songwriter whose music includes the influential, introspective concept album Blue (1971).

Wilson Pickett

Soul artist was Atlantic's best-selling southern soul performer.

Otis Redding

Stax artist earned a reputation as leading performer of soul ballads. His performance at the Monterey Pop Festival gained him a wider audience.

Stevie Wonder

Stevland Hardaway Morris, known professionally as Stevie Wonder, is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. A prominent figure in popular music during the second half of the 20th century, Wonder is one of the most successful songwriters and musicians.

Los Angeles Scene

Surf rock, psychedelic rock, hippies, and even more southern sounding rock like credence clearwater

T-Rex

T. Rex were an English rock band, formed in 1967 by singer-songwriter and guitarist Marc Bolan. The band was initially called Tyrannosaurus Rex, and released four psychedelic folk albums under this name.

The Band

The Band was a Canadian-American rock group formed in Toronto, Canada, in 1967. Originally the backing band for Bob Dylan, the group released their debut album, Music from Big Pink, in 1968 to critical acclaim. Bob Dylan helped them as well.

Brian Epstein

The Beatles first professional manager (record shop manager). Important in the image of the Beatles.

George Martin

The Beatles' producer/engineer. Often called the Fifth Beatle because of his influence in the studio.

The Byrds

The Byrds were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple lineup changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn remaining the sole consistent member.

The Doors

The Doors were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore.

The Isley Brothers

The Isley Brothers are an American musical group originally from Cincinnati, Ohio, that started as a vocal trio consisting of brothers O'Kelly Isley Jr., Rudolph Isley and Ronald Isley in the 1950s. "Twist and shout" original writers (popularized by The Beatles).

Ken Kasey and His Merry Pranksters

The Merry Pranksters were comrades and followers of American author Ken Kesey in 1964. Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters lived communally at Kesey's homes in California and Oregon

Montery Pop Festival

The Monterey International Pop Music Festival was a three-day concert event held June 16 to June 18, 1967 at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey, California.

The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section

The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section is a group of American studio musicians based in the northern Alabama town of Muscle Shoals. One of the most prominent American studio house bands from the 1960s to the 1980s, these musicians, individually or as a group have been associated with more than 500 recordings, including 75 gold and platinum hits. They were masters at creating a southerncombination of R&B, soul and country music known as the "Muscle Shoals sound" to back up black artists, who were often in disbelief to learn that the studio musicians were white.

The Who

The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist and singer John Entwistle and drummer Keith Moon.

Mersey Beat

The name given to the snappy, upbeat music of early British Invasion bands. (Named for the Mersey River in Liverpool)

Hamburg

The original lineup of the Beatles, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe and Pete Bestregularly performed at different clubs in Hamburg, West Germany, during the period from August 1960 to December 1962; a chapter in the group's history which honed their performance skills, widened their reputation, and led to their first recording, which brought them to the attention of Brian Epstein.

Jerry Wexler

The producer who put Atlantic on the map.

Jimi Hendrix

United States guitarist whose innovative style with electric guitars influenced the development of rock music (1942-1970). Took part in the amp race wars. Passed away from drugs.

The Kinks

Were known as the precursors of heavy metal and punk rock, later known as "power chord" playing.

Jeff Beck

Yardbirds guitarist; Utilized reverberation, feedback, and distortion

yes

Yes are an English progressive rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford. The band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.

The Beatles

a British band that had an enormous influence on popular music in the 1960s. Music ranging from psychedelia to pop and hard rock.

Rock Opera

a genre within art rock (and, later, progressive rock) that utilizes the musical style of rock in the operatic format

Fuzzbox

a guitar pedal that uses a frequency multiplier to add complex overtones to the guitar's sound, resulting in a distorted sound often described as "fuzzy"

compound AABA form

a post-1960 popular song structure in which a series of verse-chorus pairs (the A sections) is broken up by a contrasting passage (the B section, or bridge)

Concept Album

a rock album featuring a cycle of songs expressing a particular theme or idea.

12 string guitar

a steel-string guitar with twelve strings in six courses, which produces a richer, more ringing tone than a standard six-string guitar.

Theremin

an early electronic instrument

Tritone

augmented fourth, or diminished fifth

Mellotron

electronic keyboard instrument featuring prerecorded sounds

Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention

employed sophisticated techniques to make satirical music. Didn't use drugs even though he created psychedelic sounds.

King Crimson

grew out of psychedelic era incorporated a lot of classical technique Robert Fripp (main creative force, only original member that never left) progressive rock

The Yardbirds

included several important guitarists who went on to form their own bands.

Tape Loops

loops of magnetic tape used to create repetitive, rhythmic musical patterns or dense layers of sound when played on a tape recorder.

Musique Concrete

music in which the composer works directly with sounds recorded on magnetic tape, not with musical notation and performers

Alexis Korner

musician and radio broadcaster, known as "a founding father of the British blues"

The Beatles visit to India

n February 1968, the English rock band the Beatles travelled to Rishikesh in northern India to take part in a Transcendental Meditation (TM) training course at the ashram of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The visit followed the group's denunciation of drugs in favour of TM and received widespread media attention. The band's interest in the Maharishi's teachings was led by George Harrison's commitment and it changed Western attitudes about Indian spirituality and encouraged the study of Transcendental Meditation.The visit was also the most productive period for the Beatles' songwriting.

Booker T and the MGs

one of the first racially integrated rock acts, this group was the core group of studio musicians for Stax Records and also played the backup band in the Blues Brothers movie.

Stax/Volt

tax Records is an American record label, originally based in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded in 1957 as Satellite Records, the label changed its name to Stax Records in 1961 and shared its operations with Volt Records, a sister label created to avoid the impression of favoritism among radio stations playing their records. Stax was influential in the creation of Southern soul and Memphis soul music. Stax also released gospel, funk, and bluesrecordings. Renowned for its output of blues music, the label was founded by two siblings and business partners, Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton

Brill Building

the center of much popular songwriting activity in NYC from 1959 to 1963.

Fame Studios

the recording studio founded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama in 1959 by Rick Hall. The name is an acronym for Florence Alabama Music Enterprises

The Funk Brothers

the studio musicians of Motown who "played on more number-one hits than the Beatles, Elvis Presley, the Rolling Stones and the Beach Boys combined."

Chicago R&B

vocal harmony groups; electric blues influence; preaching tradition; center for gospel