History of Rock-n-roll Final
Indie Rock
Musicians who wish to rock independently of labels; Lo-fi
The Police
New Wave to mainstream; skilled musicians; summer, cropland, summers; sophisticated arrangements; poetic and intellectual lyrics; pop punk with jazz and reggae touches
New traditionalism
New traditionalism is considered to be a new phase of traditionalism that appeared in the late 20th through early 21st centuries. Its beliefs are constantly in conflict with secular liberalism.
Trent Reznor
Nine Inch Nails; Cleveland 1988; producer, singer, songwriter, and instrumentalist; in 1997 appeared in Time Magazine's list of the years most influential people
Sarah McLachlin
Nova Scotia; song style cover a variety of approaches but often gentle, even delicate; sometimes uses conventional rock instrumentation of guitar, bass and drums; Surfacing (broke into the mainstream); "Building a Mystery"(one of two grammys); "Adia", "Angel"; Founder of the Lilith Fair music festivals (1997) highlighting female songwriters
Uncle Tupelo
One of the founders of alternative country; blended alternative rock and trad country; drew inspiration from styles as diverse as the hardcore punk, the Carter Family and Hank Williams Williams; Lyrics referred to middle america and the working class of Belleville, IL
Tori Amos
One of the most talented and innovative songwriters of her generation; piano prodigy- Peabody;relocated to Los Angles; Her debut, LITTLE EARTHQUAKES reflects classical training
Genesis
Peter Gabriel Leaves; Phil Collins moves to lead vocals; music moves towards pop; "Invisible Touch"
DJ Jazzy Jeff
Philadelphia duo DJ jazzy Jeff and the Fresh prince debut with ROCK THE HOUSE
Bruce Springsteen
Quintessential dead-ahead rock-n-roll; Lyrics about dreams and disappointment of working class people, Vietnam, racism and unemployment; Born in the USA; Hottest artist of 1985
Rick Rubin
Russell Simmons; Rick(college student) at NYU; they created a small record label and run it out of the dorm room at NYU
Grunge
Seattle mid 1980s
Flute
Shakuhachi
Boyz II Men
Signed to Motown in early 1990's; highly crafted harmony-vocal arrangements with solo passages show earlier influences; Brill Building/ Motown model: depended on others for songwriting; COOLEYHIGHHARMONY; had three crossover hit singles; "uhh Ahh", "It's so hard to say goodbye to yesterday", Motownphilly"; "End of the Road"(1992) began working with producer Kenneth " Babyface" Edmunds; Recorded or the Eddie Murphy Movie Boomerang; Topped both pop and R&B charts
Tom Petty
Style and sound built around 1960's folk rock; Full Moon Forever: "I won't back down", "Freefallin", " Runnin' Down a dream"
Classic rock
Teens and college- age show increased interest in older rock; availability of older recordings (parents's records collections); Radio stations playing "classic rock"; Television and film
Beat-based production
Throughout the 1980's, a great deal of pop, rap, and dance music was created over tracks put down with drum machines, synthesizers, samplers; real instruments were added sometimes, but often not; process of "making beats" was often completed before lyrics or melodies were created; the "beats" might be created by people not otherwise involved in the process; by the end of the 1990s, even bands who recorded live in the studio used production techniques( digital recording) borrowed from beat-based processes
Phish
U of Vermont, 1938; Unique concerts:extended soloing, covers, set list, dedicated fan base
college rock
University of Georgia (Athens); know for quirky bands
N.W.A
Was an american hip hop group from Compton, California
Dr. Dre
West Coast and Death Row records; Collaboration between Dr. Dre and Snoop Doggy Dogg takes the G-FUnk sales to mainstream; preferred live studio musicians
Prince
Wide vocal range; Flamboyant Stage presence; Diverse style; preferred to control all aspects of his work; "1999"
DJ or DJing
a person who introduces and plays recorded popular music on the radio;play recorded music on the radio or at a club or party
musical saw
a saw used as a musical instrument, typically held between the knees and played with a bow like a cello, the note varying with the degree of bending of the blade.
Techno
a style of fast, heavy electronic dance music, typically with few or no vocals.
pre-chorus
a two or four line section, rarely exceeding four bars musically, immediately preceeding the chorus. It is crafted to propel the listener, both melodically and lyrically, into the chorus. The pre-chorus is optional.
rap
a type of popular music of US black origin in which words are recited rapidly and rhythmically over a prerecorded, typically electronic instrumental backing.
break-spinning
an energetic and acrobatic style of street dancing
Motley Crue (12)
arena band; "Shout at the Devil"
Thriller
considered first album of the MTV generations
Quincy Jones
did the arrangement for Billie Jean
Beck
early indie releases were in "anti-folk" style; "Loser," 1993, was on the indie label bong load, attracted attention on the West Coast; singed with a major label and re-releases "loser", "loser," 1994; Lo-fi with sonically experimental style; musical collages of folk, psychedelia, electronic, country, Latin music, hi-hop, funk, soul, blues, and rock
Radiohead
effects, noise, avant-garde sounds; grammy for best alternative rock album in 1998; pay as you want album; example of Britpop band in 1990's; "parampid Android" from OK COMPUTER, 1997; Beatles Inspired; Alternative? Art Rock?, Progressive?
Lo-fi
examples; Pavement, Guided by Voices and Neutral Milk Hotel
Peter Gabriel
exited Genesis in 1975; SLEDGEHAMMER (promoted heavily on MTV, won 9 video awards, shakuhachi(japan flute)
R.E.M
formed in 1980 by 4 students; a mention in the NY Times; toured constantly; THE ONE I LOVE (featured on MTV); father of alternative rock
Sugar hill records
founded by Sylvia Robinson
Sylvia Robinson
founder of Sugarhill Records; persuaded three young unknown rappers(big bank hank, mike, and master gee
Russell Simmons
guides Kurtis blow to be the first rapper signed to a major label; older brother of Run from Run-D.M.C
Run- DMC
have videos on MTV; Top 40 radio play; appear on American Bandstand; cover of rolling stones; controversy with rap
MC or MCing
is a Master of Ceremonies
sound system man
is a group of disc jockeys, engineers and MCs playing ska, rocksteady or reggae music
sample/sampling
is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece
groove-based
is the sense of propulsive rhythmic "feel" or sense of "swing"
hardcore punk
largely underground
Kurt Cobain
leader of Nirvana; rejection of rock star apparatus
flugelhorn
like a trumpet, gives a french horn sound; more mellow sound
Madonna
model and dancer, then vocalist for disco bands; promoted herself by staying at the edge of controversy; dual personality; " like a virgin
heavy metal
origin of name is unclear; stereotypes: primitive, pounding, rough loud, artless; Ex) Wayne's World
Pop punk
punk: aggresiveness and energy, loud guitars pop: melodic writing and chord change
DIY aesthetic
reject major label production techniques; Lo-fi approach; record on inexpensive equipment; maintain creative control of their material; take care of business themselves; like mainstream attention, small sales
Alternative rock
roots in the aesthetic of hard core and punk, a return to DIY simplicity
Bangles
smooth vocal harmonies; folk rock instrumental sound; Different Light; "Walk like an Egyptian"
scratching
sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique used to produce distinctive percussive or rhythmic sounds and sound effects by moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable while optionally manipulating the crossfader on a DJ mixer
Nine-Inch Nails
use of noise and distortion; Striking, even painful; dissonances; "Hurt"- highly dissonant tritons played on guitar doing the verse, emphasized on the word "I"
merry-go-round
was an American psychedelic rock, Los Angeles based band, best known for the singer-songwriter Emitt Rhodes and featuring Joel Larson on drums, Gary Kato on lead guitar, and Bill Rinehart on bass
Sugar Hill Gang
young unknown rappers(big bank hank, mike, and master gee)
Foo Fighters
"PRETENDER"
Fear(12)
(LA, 1977); built on punk stereotype; Saturday night live, 1981; loud fast repetitious; amateurish-sounding vocals; little virtuosity displayed
16-beat/ 8-beat
16 beat per measure/ 8 beats per measure?
Sub pop Records
1988, Seattle
Merge Records
1989 Durham, NC
Matador Records
1989, NYC
H.O.R.D.E festival
1992-1998; Created in Blues Travelers (New York)
synthesizer
A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones, major element in music at the time
Weezer
Alternative rock, power pop,pop punk, ego and Indie rock; Comedic Self-conscious presentation; Blue album(1994); "BUDDY HOLLY","SAY IT AIN'T SO"
Eurythmics
Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart; commercial new wave (synth-pop); Brought synthesizers to the center of dance music; "Sweet Dreams"
Indigo Girls
Atlanta based; duet singing over acoustic guitars; stylistic influences;aggressive rock style,gentler folk-influenced style; serious topics; Swamp Ophelia "Closer to Fine"
digital vs analog
Audio recordings come in two basic types; analog and digital. Analog refers to audio recorded using methods that replicate the original sound waves. Vinyl records and cassette tapes are examples of analog mediums. Digital audio is recorded by taking samples of the original sound wave at a specified rate.
classic rock stations
Began in Detroit; radio consultant Fred Jacobs; First dedicated station: Lansing, Michigan(1985); programming generated re-release sales for record labels
Green Day
Billie Joe Armstrong; American Idiot( 2004 album, turned onto a Broadway show); Grammy Award for Best Rock Album; Inducted into Hall of fame in 2014
CD technology
CD's will never wear out; Fidelity will be higher than any other method; Cd's will cost much less than records or tapes; You will have instant access to any song; Re-releases meant new profits with minimal production costs; Prices stayed high providing even grater profits; special features added to boost re-issue sales: "digital re-mastering" and "bonus tracks"; Elaborate box set collections appealed to fans
Alanis Morisette
Canadian singer-songwriter; JAGGED LITTLE PILL;"Ironic", "you Learn", "You Oughta Know"; Supposed former infatuation junkie(1998) solidified her career
Dj Kool Herc
Clive Campbell; 1970 adapted the Jamaican approach (sound system man) to host parties, often in city parks; employs Coke la Rock to utter crowd-pleasing rhymes at parties
Pearl Jam
Closer to heavy metal; mainstream stars by 1995; ticket master battle; "Even Flow", "Last Kiss"
Dave Mathews
Dave Mathews Band, Virginia
VH1
Debuted in 1985; Focus on baby boomers tastes; struggled for the first decade; then the "pop-up video" introduced in 1996; the clever factoids quickly became popular for their "educational" value; Behind the music and Legends (1997); quasi-historical series using biographical approach; typical: rages to riches plus some scandal or disaster; VHI now established as an "informative approach" to rock music; The Beatles documentary series, ABC in 1995; Two important documentaries on rock music appeared in 1995; rock and roll hall of fame opened, 1995
Def Jam Records
Def Jam Recordings is an American record label, focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group
Industrial
Distortion; Machinery sounds- pipes and tubes
Public Enemy
Don't believe the hype
Electronic dance music
Electronic dance music (also known as EDM, dance music, club music, or simply dance) is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals.
Jewel
Emerged from Alaska in 1995 with PIECES OF YOU- one of the best-selling debut albums of all time, 15 times platinum; has performed in serval sales; piano acoustic, country, dance-beat; four albums in Top 10, 1996-2002
Dave Grohl
Foo Fighters; was drummer for Nirvana
Metallica(12)
Formed in LA moved to SF; punk- speed metal; more serious minded; series of highly successful album
Biz Markie
Gilbert O'Sullivan vs Biz Markei ("Alone Again")
Sting
Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born 2 October 1951), better known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band The Police from 1977 to 1984, before launching a solo career
Billy Joel Armstrong
Green Day; lead singer
Ian MacKaye
Guitar, song writer, vocalist,label owner (Discord Records); Swore off drugs and alcohol
Beastie Boys (12)
Hip-hop's first white rap group; on Def Jam; best selling rap album of the decade; "Fight for you right to party"
hokum blue
Hokum is a particular song type of American blues music—a humorous song which uses extended analogies or euphemistic terms to make sexual innuendos
Minor Threat (12)
Ian Mackaye, guitar, song writer; DIY philosophy; "STRAIGHT EDGE"
The Replacement
Important band of the 80's post punk scene; expanded the punks stereotype by incorporating fold and power-pop influences; Color me Impressed; kicked off of SNL; lasted the longest
Tears for Fears
Influence by primal scream theory; serious lyrics, complicated music, long tracks; " Everybody wants to rule the world
U2
Irish-1976; Approach similar to The Police; simple direct songs, innovative arrangements- socially conscious lyrics with poetic qualities; the Edge create rich guitar textures; highly successful albums began with their 5th album THE JOSHUA TREE; 22 grammies; some videos banned in Ireland and England; Re-invented in the early 1990s; Philanthropic and political efforts
Michael Jackson
Jackson 5; Left and went to Epic records; Thriller (album) ( considered first album of MTV generation); King of Pop; "Billie Jean"
Widespread Panic
Jam band; Athens,Georgia
Yo La Tengo
Known for an huge repertoire of cover songs; "little Honda"(Beach Boys original); Noise pop (opposite of Lo-fi)
MTV
Launched: August 1, 1981; first video: " Video killed the radio star"; rivals FM; favored artists with strong or attractive visual appeal(controversy- music or the look?)
Jam bands
Live shows vs studio production; Embraced the "return-to-roots" attitude; Focus on improvisation skills; clubs dates, usually in college towns; independent record labels; Fans bought recordings but favored the live show and bootleg tapes of live shows
Dire Straits
Mark Knopfler; strong respect for older style; simple approach; "Money for noting", "Suitans of Swing"
Neutral Milk Hotel
Merge Records, NC; Wide range of settings, from acoustic to noise experiments; In an Airplane over the sea (1998) was a highly acclaimed indie release; Lo-fi
Nirvana
Most important band in Seattles grunge scene in the early 1990s; led by Kurt Cobain; Huge debut album Nevermind; "SMELLS LIKE TEEN SPIRIT"; strong dynamic chorus; ended in 1994 after Cobain's suicide
Sheryl Crow
Music teacher turned back-up singer; Vocal style; ROger McGuinn and Tom Petty; Country-rock accompaniment; Tuesday night music club