History of Sports Exam 2

Francis Ouimet

20 year old former caddy for the Brooklyn Country Club in Boston. won the US Open at his him course in a playoff

Johnny Unitas

Baltimore Colts quarterback who was back to back MVP's and led the colts to their first winning season in 1957 and let to the championship in 1958

Bryon Nelson

Credited with creating the "modern swing" which involved more leg turn and power from the lower half of the body. won 18 tournament in 1945

Roone Arledge

Director of sports programming at ABC who thought sports could improve overall ratings for the network if they were packaged correctly. created Wide World of Sports and Monday Night Football

Ted Williams

During the same season as Joe DiMaggio was hitting 56 consecutive games, the Red Sox outfielder was hitting .406. no player since has batted over .400. many consider him the greatest pure hitter of all time

Bert Bell

First owner of the Philadelphia Eagles and would also serve as NFL commissioner

Tyrus Raymond Cobb

Georgia native who played for the Detroit Tigers for 24 seasons and established the highest bating average of all time (.367). although not well liked due to his abrasive personality, his abilities were always well respected and he is often referred as the greatest player ever

Don Hutson

Green Bay Packer receiver who used the rules changes to become the best receiver in the game until the late 30's

Carnegie Report

In the late 1920s that said colleges were putting too much emphasis on money and college football instead of academics

Alvin Ray "Pete" Rozelle

NFL commissioner who served for nearly 30 years and led the league into the golden age by encouraging owners to "think league" first

Knute Rockne

Norwegian immigrant who played and then coached for the Notre Dame football team. it was his innovation as both a player and a coach that out notre dame football on the map by the second decade of the 20th century

Honus Wagner

Pittsburg Pirate shortstop who was considered the first star player of the 20th century. he was a great hitter, excellent fielder, and could play any position

First ever intercollegiate football game

Princeton vs. Rutgers in New Brunswick, NJ on November 6, 1869. what was known as "Association Football" which closely resembled soccer that day.

American Football League

Rival prifessional football league to the NFL founded by Bud Adams and Lamar Hunt in 1960 after their attempting to add teams (Oilers, Texans) to the NFL were rebuffed

Allan Robertson

Widely considered to be the first professional golfer and was the head pro at St. Andrews Golf Course

dead ball era

also known as the "national commission" era because prior to 1920 major league baseball was governed by a commission rather than a single commissioner. it got its name because the ball used during the time was less tightly would and seemed softer than later years

Flying Wedge

also known as the mass momentum play first used by Harvard. The five heaviest players would form a v shaped wedge around the ball carrier and run over opponents. these plays caused the most injustices in the early days of football

George Herman Ruth

began his professional career as a pitcher for he boston red sox and later would transform the game when we was traded to the yankees in 1920 and started hitting homeruns. no one ever changed the game like he did

Social Darwinism

belief that only the strongest culture and nations will survive

Pudge HeffelFinger

believed to be the first professional football player in American history

Arnold Palmer

brought golf into the television age with his go for broke style and everyman persona. he was crowned the "King" by the golf fans and remains one of the most beloved figures in the game

jack nicklaus

came along in the 1960s as a rival for palmer. he was never embraced by the public like palmer was. 18 major championships and considered greatest of all time

Walter Chauncey Camp

captain for the Yale football team and advisor to the team after his graduation. creator of many innovations in the game including separating the two teams with a line of scrimmage. eventually would be known as the "father of american football." because of his contributions to the game

Notre Dame

catholic school founded in South Bend, Indiana in 1844. by the early 20th century it was known for its academics and baseball team

Davis Cup

challenge cup competed for by britain and the united states beginning in 1899. after 1905 any country could compete

Rules changes of 1933

changes that occurred mainly as a result of the 1932 championship game: included allowing the ball to be thrown from anywhere behind the line of scrimmage and moving the goalposts up to the goal line

Greg Norman

charismatic austrilian golfer known as the "great white shark" who held the number one position in the world for 331 weeks in late 80s early 90s

NCAA

combination of the ICAA and the old rules committee into the this in 1911. the combination of its founding and the new rules changes brought college football in the modern age in 1912

Howard Cosell

controversial announcer on monday night football who fans "loved to hate" and Roone Alridge loved because of the rating boost that not only MNF received but also ABC programming in general

Walter Johnson

dominating pitcehr for a not so dominating team (Washington Senators). Considering the bad teams he played for his career win total (417 only second to Cy Young) is even more amazing. career spanned both the dead ball era as well as the home run era

Phil Mickelson

emered as one of the few rivals of tigers in the first decade of the 21st century. 4 majors

Lee Trevino

emerged as a rival to Nicklaus in the late 60s and 70s. 6 majors

Bill Tilden

first great american champion who won six consecutive championships. number one player for most of 20s

Wimbledon

first major tennis championships established at the all england croquet club near the train station

Red Grange

first modern football player who got perfectly into the new middle class. he was an explosive player who played for Illinois and then in the national football league. his ability to slip through tacklers hands earned him the nickname the "Galloping Ghost"

Paul Brown

football coach who achieved success on three levels: high school (Massillon, Oh), College (Ohio St), and Professional (Cleveland Browns). His Browns teams was one of three that the NFL absorbed in 1949. Innovative coach who was the first to call plays from the sideline and put assistant coaches in the press boxes for a better view of the game

Early L. (Curly) Lambeau

football player who was expelled from notre dame after it was discovered he played professionally. he then founded a professional team in his hometown of Green Bay, Wisconsin known as the Packers in which he played for 10 years and coached for 30

Intercollegiate Athletic Association

formed by 62 schools in 1905 not including West Coast schools and the "Big Three." its primary duty was to establish rules for play by its member schools

Art Rooney

former football player and coach from Pittsburg who bought the Pirates football team and renamed it the "Steelers" to honor the city

Charles "Cash and Carry" Pyle

former theatre reporter who would gain fame as a sports promoter- most notably Red Granges agent

NFL

founded in 1902 when the owners of major league baseball got together to form a football league. the league only lasted one season but the second NFL that emerged in the 1920s is still in existence today

Branch Rickey

general manager of the st. louis cardinals who can be credited with the birth of the Farm League when he purchased minor league clubs. by the 1930s the cardinals system included 32 clubs and 700 players

Gary Player

great rival for both Palmer and Nichlaus. the south african won 9 major championships

Ben Hogen

great rival of sneaks who was very different from him- much smaller and more serious. he was almost killed in a car accident in 1949 but came back to win the US open in 1950

Scientific Management

idea by Frederick Taylor to treat workers in the new industrialized economy as cogs in a machine to increase productivity. Walter Camp transferred the idea to football and the idea of organized plays and emphasis on team as opposed to the individual

1961 Sports Broadcasting Act

included in Rozelles "Think League" ideology was the ability for the league to negotiate its own broadcasting rights. he was instrumental in advocating that this act be passed b congress to give the NFL and other sports leagues that power

Connie Mack

manager and part time owner of the Philadelphia Athletics. he was sober, well dressed, and never argued with umpires. his teams wold embody the first dynasty of the american league

Grantland Rice

most famous sportswriter in the country during the 1920s most notable for his saying and nicknames

Andree Agassi

one of five players all time to win grand slam, retired in 2008 with eight titles

Gutty Ball

one of the first alterations to the game it changed the ball from a leather covered feather filled ball to a ball made from the sap of a gutta-percha tree

NY Yankees

originally called the "highlanders" the team name was officially changed in 1913. the team dynasty of the 1920s can be credited to the team being purchased by Jacob Rupert and Tillinghast Huston in 1915

American Professional Football Association

professional league that began in Canton, Oh which would eventually change its name to the NFL

Gene sarazen

professional who was the first to win the four majors of the modern grand slam. also credited with inventing the sand wedge.

John Reid

scottish immigrant who is credited with being the father of american golf. designed first country club in Yonkers NY called St. Andrews

Rafael Nadal

spaniard who was primarily a clay court player. one of few to win grand slam

Royal and Ancient

st andrews golf clu was named this by kind william IV. became the governing body of golf throughout 19th century

Roger Federer

swiss player who would pass Sampras as the record holder for most grand slam titles ever with 16. often measured as greatest of all time

Gouf

terms used by the scots to describe the game that would come to be called golf

Merger

the NFL and the AFL announced in 1966 that the two leagues would merge and there would be a common draft, a common commissioner, and a championship game between the two leagues at end of season

Rose Bowl

the earliest of all bowl games- established in 1902 in conjunction with the news year day tournament of roses parade . designed to give teams a reward for a good season

Western Conference (Big 10)

the first conference in college football history made up of seven midwestern schools. when three more schools joined in 1912 it officially changed name to big 10

Christy Mathewson

the heard of the giants pitching staff from 1900-1917. considered one of the greatest pitchers of all time and his win total (373) is third all time

World Series

the name of the championship series held at the end of the season between the pennant winners of the of the American and National leagues. the first of these occurred in 1913

Joe Namath

the number one pick of the 1965 draft, he was hightly-tauted quarterback from Alabama. The New York Jets paid him 400,000 dollars, the highest contract ever signed by a professional football player. he guaranteed the jets super bowl 3 victory in which they did win

inside game

the type of baseball employed by managers during the dead ball era. the strategy was predicated on the fact very few runs were going to be scored so every run was important. managers would do whatever it took to score those runs. John McGraw embodied this

Progressive Era

time period roughly spanning the first two decades of the 20th century in which nearly every area of American Society was subject to reform measures

Vince Lombardi

took over as the Green Bay Packers head coach in 1959 and led the team to five NFL titles in the 1960s and victories in the first two super bowls

Joe DiMaggio

took over the star player for the Yankees dynasty after ruth retired. 56 game hit streak in 1941

Bryron Bancroft Johnson

was a former sportswriter and editor in Cincinnati who wold go on take over the struggling minor Western Baseball League. after improving the status of the league immensely he decided to make it a major league to compete with the national league in 1899- he renamed it the American League

New Middle Class

with Victorianism efficacy dead by the 1920s a new middle class emerged that searched for more excitement and were much more tolerant and even embracing of sports

Tiger Woods

youngest player to win Masters Tournament. would win 13 more majors