History of U.S. to 1877 - HIST 2300 Crider - Exam 1
Monroe Doctrine Definition
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.
French and Indian (Seven Years) War Significance
After the war ended with the treaty of paris, france was now out of north america, great britain had significant territorial gain but accumulated a large debt from war which caused them to begin taxing the colonies
Columbian Exchange Significance
Brought disease to the new world that took out the natives, brought slaves which were the economic backbone in the americas, and new crops all over the world
Bacon's Rebellion Definition
Due to economic and native american troubles on agriculture caused by the government, Nathaniel Bacon led an armed rebellion against the government of Virginia and William Berkeley
Conquistadors Definition
Early sixteenth century Spanish adventures who conquored Mexico, Central America, and Peru
Conquistadors Significance
Expanded Spanish conquest and exploration in South and North America
Christopher Columbus Significance
His voyage established the existence of the New World across the Alantic
Christopher Columbus Definition
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to India
Market Revolution Definition
The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions
Aaron Burr Significance
Turned NY to Jefferson during the election of 1800 which allowed Jefferson to win; killed alexander hamilton in a duel regarding political rivalry and personal remarks
Henry Clay Definition
Was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives (responsible for the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850)
Anne Hutchinson Significance
Was the defendant in most of the trials intended to suppress religious descent in Massachusetts; banished from boston for her religious and feminist beliefs
Proclamation Line of 1763 Definition
a border line created by great britain to keep colonists from settling west into the ohio valley
Middle Ground Definition
a borderland; a place where numerous peoples and cultures coexist
Second Continental Congress Definition
a convention of delegates from the thirteen colonies that met in philadelphia after the revolutionary war
Baron Friedrich von Steuben Definition
a prussian soldier designated inspector general of the american continental army
1619 Significance
africans began to replace indians as the main slave labor force; north american slave society is born; london company sent women to america for wives; representative government starts in jamestown
1619 Definition
africans were first brought to jamestown, virginia during this time and the nations first colony begins to grow
Boston Massacre Significance
after colonists blood was shed due to british troops the colonies began to unite, making this a major turning point in the beginnings of the american revolution; helped start the desire for american independence
Middle Ground Significance
all of the early english colonies were middle grounds between english settles, native americans, and other europeans colonists
Alien and Sedition Acts Significance
allowed the president greater latitiude in deporting and imprisoning non-citizens; constricted free speech by making it illegal to talk ill of the government
Battle of Yorktown Significance
although this was not the last of the fighting this signified the end of the war; british realize the war is too costly to continue; cemented washingtons legacy before presidency and started new nations independence
Battle of Yorktown Definition
american troops under george washington and with the help of the french fleet trapped british troops in the chesapeake bay forcing them to surrender
Democratic-Republicans Definition
an american political party founded by thomas jefferson and james madison
Boston Massacre Definition
an event that killed five boston colonists by british troops sparked by colonial rebellion over taxation
Stamp Act Significance
began an uproar in the colonies as they stated "taxation without representation" and eventually led to the violent rebellions and economic retaliation (boycotting)
Mercantile System Significance
british would limit what goods the colonies could produce, whose ships they could use, and told them who to trade with which all caused some form of rebellion in the near future
George Washington Definition
called the "father of his country" for his crucial role in fighting for, creating and leading the US in its earliest days
Tea Act 1773 Significance
caused similar boycotting and resistance by the colonies as the stamp act; sons of liberty were created; boston tea party as well as other retaliations happened against the tax on tea
Thomas Jefferson Significance
chief drafter of the declaration of independence; approved the louisiana purchase; sent lewis and clark expedition
Battle of Saratoga Definition
comprising of two significant battles; this was a crucial win for the continental army over the british in the revolutionary war
Battle of Saratoga Significance
considered the turning point in the revolutionary war; gave patriots moral boost and persuaded the french, spanish, and dutch to join the cause
Eli Whitney Significance
created the cotton gin which transformed economy in the antebellum south and was a key component in the industrial revolution
John Rolfe Significance
credited with introducing tobacco as a crop export which helped colonies economy and kept peace with the native americans through his marriage with pocahontas
Stamp Act Congress Definition
delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies met in new york to discuss a unified colonial response to the stamp act
Three Fifths Clause Definition
determined that each slave would be counted as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of taxes and representation
Market Revolution Significance
drastic change in 19th century US economy as they made traditional commerce obsolete by improving transportation, communication, an industry
John Rolfe Definition
english colonist and farmer who greatly aided colonies with tobacco crop
Bacon's Rebellion Significance
first armed rebellion by american colonists against britain and their colonial government
Tecumseh Significance
first indian diplomat both among his own people and with the white man
George Washington Significance
first president of the US; one of the founding fathers in setting up american government; commander of the continental army in the american revolution
Jamestown Significance
first successful english colony in the americas; first place slaves were brought to in the amricas; without jamestown there is no precedent for successful colonies in america
Stamp Act Congress Significance
first unified meeting of the american colonies to respond to british colonial policies
Tea Act 1773 Definition
granted the british east india company tea a monoploy on tea sales in the colonies
Hernan Cortes Significance
he established a firm spanish presence in the new world after conquoring the aztec capital of tenochtitian for spain; became a govenor of new spain
Alexander Hamilton Significance
he fought in the american revolution; first secretary of treasury; defended and ratified the US constitution; pushed for strong national government
Benjamin Franklin Significance
helped draft the declaration of independence and the US constitution; negotiated the Treaty of Paris ending the revolutionary war
Federalists Significance
historically known for their support in a strong national government and emphasized commerical and diplomatic harmony with Britain following Jay's Treaty
Old World Slavery Significance
historically shows evidence of slavery not driven by racism nd provides a contrast to New World Slavery which was strictly racially based first seen in the Canary Islands
Head-Right System Definition
land grant program designed to attract settlers; these "headrights" were offered to settlers who would come and work the land
Maize/Corn Significance
large part of native agriculture and fed large populations of people and livestock; worldwide economic impact because of its ability to grow in different climates
Stamp Act Definition
law passed by the british government that required the payment of a tax to britain on a great variety of papers and documents in the colonies
Pontiac's Rebellion Definition
led by chief pantiac, american indian tribes launched a rebellion on the british following new land polocies after the french and indian war
Canary Islands Defintion
most southerly region of spain; known as a bridge between four continents (africa,north america, south america, europe)
Tecumseh Definition
native american shawnee warrior and chief
Virginia Definition
nicknamed the old dominion for its loyalty to exiled charles II of england and is labeled as the "birthplace of a nation"
New England Definition
oldest clearly defined region of the united states, predating the american revolution by more than 150 years
Thomas Jefferson Definition
one of americas founding fathers and the third president of the united states
Alexander Hamilton Definition
one of the founding fathers and first secretary of treasury; advocated for national bank and a tariff system to pay off debt
Benjamin Franklin Definition
one of the founding fathers; discovered electricity; successful author
Aaron Burr Definition
one of the leading democratic-republicans of new york; major opponent of alexander hamilton; third vice president of the US
Common Sense Definition
pamphlet written by Thamas Paine advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the 13 Colonies
Baron Friedrich von Steuben Significance
played instrumental role in helping the americans win the revolutionary war; taught fighting techniques, discipline, and sanitary guidelines
Canary Islands Significance
portugese tested new world slavery in the canary islands; enslaved the guanche tribe which took part in the slave trade and eventually became extinct
James Madison Significance
president during the war of 1812; known as the "father of the constitution" for being the primary author of the US constitution and bill of rights; wrote the federalists papers
Anne Hutchinson Definition
puritan spiritual advisor who preached her own beliefs in the massachusetts bay colony
Hartford Convention Significance
resulted in a declaration asking for the federal government to protect new england and supply financial aid to its battered trade economy
Thomas Paine Definition
revolutionary leader and pamphleteer who supported the colonists fight for independence and supported the french revolution
Hartford Convention Definition
series of meetings held in which the federalists party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing war of 1812 and federal governments increasing power
French and Indian (Seven Years) War Definition
series of military engagements betweeen france and britain over land in the new world
Articles of Confederation Significance
served as the written document that established the functions of the first national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain.
Whiskey Rebellion Significance
serves as proof that the federal government has the authority to collect taxes at all costs
Yeoman Definition
small landowners who farmed their own land and usually did not own slaves
Hernan Cortes Definition
spanish conquistador who defeated the aztecs and conquered mexico
Common Sense Significance
state that all men are created equal and that all people have the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; urged colonists to break away from great britain
Thomas Paine Significance
strongly protested british taxation; wrote common sense pamphlet which urged colonists to fight for their independence
Federalists Definition
supporters of the constition during the debate over it ratification; favored a strong national government
Mercantile System Definition
system coined by adam smith that highlighted restraining imports and encouraging exports to boost nations economy
Maize/Corn Definition
tall growing grain brought from central and south america to north america
Whiskey Rebellion Definition
tax protest by farmers in pennsylvania due to the tax on distilled liquor
Louisiana Purchase Definition
the US acquisition of the louisiana territory from france in 1803
Alien and Sedition Acts Definition
the alien act made it more difficult for foreigners to become citizens; the sedition act made it illegal to criticize the government
Virginia Significance
the first capital of viginia was jamestown which was the first english settlement in the united states
Jamestown Definition
the first successful settlement in the virginia colony founded in may 1607
James Madison Definition
the main author of the constitution and the bill of rights; fourth president of the US
Articles of Confederation Definition
the original constitution of the US created by the second continental congress
Proclamation Line of 1763 Significance
the proclamation was put in place to keep colonists from moving west past the appalachian mountains and to keep peaceful ties with the french and natives who already inhabited the ohio valley; this increased tension between the colonists and great britain leading into the revolutionary war
Louisiana Purchase Significance
the purchase doubled the size of the US; allowed america to gain control of the mississippi river; france left US borders; increased westward expansion
Yeoman Significance
these honest, hardworking, and independent farmers who primarily relied on family labor made an ideal example for the republican vision of a new nation
Monroe Doctrine Significance
this US policy gave the US authority to mediate border disputes in the western hemisphere and kept european interference out
Pontiac's Rebellion Significance
this rebellion made the british seek more peaceful relations with the native americans and caused the proclamation of 1763 which kept colonists from settling in the ohio valley region
New England Significance
this region is where pilgrams fleeing from religious persecution in england established the plymouth colony which was the second colony in american history
Second Continental Congress Significance
this would represent americas first real attempt at representatve self-governance; they issued the declaration of independence on july 4, 1776
Democratic-Republicans Significance
unlike the federalist party, they had a strict interpretation of the constitution; favored a strong STATE government and believed people should have the political power
Old World Slavery Definition
used by the greeks and romans as a form of punishment; owners and slaves were generally the same race
Head-Right System Significance
used to attract new settlers to jamestown and address labor shortages; the effect of this system grew the colony much larger because many people saw this as an opportunity to have a better life
Eli Whitney Definition
was an american inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin
Henry Clay Significance
was called "the great compromiser" for his significant roles in the missouri compromise, the tariff compromise, and the compromise of 1850
Columbian Exchange Definition
widespread exchange of plants, animals, diseasr, culture, ideas, and slaves between the americas, west africa, and the ole world.
