History STAAR

Lexington and Concord

"The Shot Heard Round the World"- The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts.

Compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Missouri Compromise

(1820) an agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of 36°30´ latitude

Andrew Jackson

(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.

Magna Carta

1215

Battle of Saratoga

American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.

Separation of power

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

Distance from Britain Need for lawmaking structure Traditional rights of Englishmen American Colonists ? Which of the following replaces the question mark in the diagram above

Establish their own representative institutions

1607

Jameston

Proclamation of 1763

No more settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Representative Government

Power is held by the people and exercised through the efforts of representatives elected by the people.

Monroe Doctrine

Told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

The French and Indian War was ended with the

Treaty of Paris

Navigation Acts

sell products where mother country says to

the number of representatives is based on

the population

How many senates are there per state

two

Gibbons vs Ogden

(1824) This suit grew out of an attempt of New York to grant to a private company a monopoly of waterborne commerce, especially steamboat, between New York and New Jersey. Marshall, not surprisingly, stated that the Constitution declared that Congress alone had the control of interstate commerce. This a blow at states' rights while increasing the power of the federal government.

Year of Virgina House of Burgesses

1619

American Revolution

1775-1783

Yorktown

1781; last battle of the revolution; Benedict Arnold, Cornwallis and Washington; Benjamin Franklin got the French to helpcolonists won because British were surrounded and they surrender

General Cornwallis

1783 - 1805, British military and political leader. Was a member of Parliament and even opposed the tax measures that led to the American Revolution. Led British forces during the American Revolution. The British defeat culminated with Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown. in 1781.

Treaty of Paris 1783

1783 Februrary 3; American delegates Franklin, Adams, John Jays; they were instructed to follow the lead of France; John Jay makes side treaty with England; Independence of the US End of Loyalist persecution; colonies still had to repay its debt to England

Nullification Crisis

1832-33 was over the tariff policy of the Fed. Gov't, during Jackson's presidency which prompted South Carolina to threaten the use of NULLIFICATION, possible secession and Andrew Jackson's determination to end with military force.

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Dred Scott

A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.

Popular Sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

The Great Compromise

A state's representation in the House of Representation would be based on population; Two senators for each state; all bills would originate in the house; direct taxes on states were to be assessed according to population

Federalism

A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

The innovation shown in this photograph most affected the U.S. economy by----

Allowing more efficient movement of goods

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allows people to decide if the want to be a free or slave state

The French and Indian War was between

America and Britain

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

John Paul Jones

American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight."

Individual Rights

Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

Marbury vs Madison

Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional 1803

John Marshall

Chief Justice of Supreme Court first to establish Judicial Review

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. Which provision of the U.S. Constitution reflects this grievance?

Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both houses.

McCullough vs Maryland

Court case that said a state could not tax a national bank thus increasing the power of the national government, Necessary and Proper clause (Elastic Clause)

Battle of Lexington ______ Battle of Saratoga ______ What two events complete the timeline above

Declaration of Independence, Battle of Yorktown

Northwest Ordinance

Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states

James Arimstead

Former slave who was a spy

Texas *annexed by the US in 1845 *settlers attracted by free land California *ceded to the US in 1848 *settlers attracted by gold Which of the following best completes the diagram above?

Formerly part of Mexico

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island for Religious Prosecution from the Colonies

Which of these best summarizes the Monroe Doctrine?

Further colonization of the Americas by European countries is prohibited

Democratic Republicans ruled by______ wanted ______

Hamilton, strong federal government

John C Callhoun

He is best known for his intense and original defense of slavery as a positive good, for his promotion of minority rights, and for pointing the South toward secession from the Union.

Triangle Trade

How America got slaves in 1619

Limited Government

In this type of government everyone, including all authority figures, must obey laws. Constitutions, statements of rights, or other laws define the limits of those in power so they cannot take advantage of the elected, appointed, or inherited positions.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

It has the features of a written constitution, and is considered by some as the first written Constitution. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut is a short document, but contains some principles that were later applied in creating the United States government. Government is based in the rights of an individual, and the orders spell out some of those rights, as well as how they are ensured by the government. It provides that all free men share in electing their magistrates, and uses secret, paper ballots. It states the powers of the government, and some limits within which that power is exercised.

Virgina House of Burgesses

It was the first representative government group in the American colonies. Famous delegates included Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington. The House met for the first time in Jamestown, July 30, 1619. The House of Burgesses at first met only once per year had the ability to make laws that could then be vetoed by the governor or the directors of the Virginia Company.

Federalists led by_______ wanted________

Jefferson, stronger state courts

Indian Removal Act

Law that moved Indians to reservations

The 3 branches of government

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

Marbury VS Madison

Midnight judge sued for his commission

Fugitive slave act

North helps catch runaway slaves

The French and Indian War was fought for the

Ohio River

1620

Plymouth (Mayflower Compact)

What led to Bleeding Kansas

Proslavery vs Antislavery

Charles Sumner

Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks

John Brown

Radical abolitionist who led Bleeding Kansas and Harper's Ferry was hung

Wentworth Cheswell

Revolutionary war veteran who was the first African American elected to office

Event that led to the Constitutional Convention

Shay's Rebellion

U.S. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis had sent Gadsden to negotiate with Santa Anna for the land. Davis valued it, as others did, as the perfect tract for the construction of the southern transcontinental railroad. The railroad line would connect western territories to the east and north, greatly increasing the accessibility of these new lands. According to the excerpt above, the Gadsden Purchase was intended to---

Support settlement of U.S. territory gained through the U.S.-Mexican War

America may boast that she has accomplished what no power before her ever did, contending with Britain—Captured two of their celebrated Generals and each [with] an Army of thousands of veteran Troops to support them. To which of the following is Abigail Adams referring in this excerpt?

The American victory at the Battle of Yorktown

Consider, then, the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one State, incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution The proclamation excerpted above was issued during which of these historical events?

The nullification Crisis

What was one major effect of the Erie Canal on the U.S. in the early nineteenth century?

The rapid growth of cities in the Northeast.

Why did the Anti-Federalists demand that a bill of rights be added to the the US Constitution

To protect individual freedoms from the federal government

War of 1812

War that U.S. declared in order to gain respect

Mercantilism

Work for mother country

Worcester vs Georgia

cherokee appealed to supreme court to stop white encroachments into cherokee nation; marshal ruled in indians favor saying that only federal govt could do that and states had no authority over tribes

Nicholas Biddle

president of the Bank of the United States; known for bribes and corruption