History Unit 7 Study Guide

What did Wilson call for in his Fourteen Points?

1- There should be no secret treaties; all international agreements should be open. 2- The seas were to be free to all countries at all times. 3- Customs barriers between countries should be removed. 4- Armaments should be reduced. 5- The wishes of the peoples in colonies should be taken into account when settling colonial claims. 6- German forces should leave Russia. 7- Belgium should be independent. 8- Alsace-Lorranine should be returned to France. 9- Italy's frontier with Austria should be adjusted to avoid confrontation with Austria. 10- There should be self-determination for the peoples of Eastern Europe. This allows different nationalities the right to govern themselves as independent nations. 11- Serbia should be given a coastline. 12- There should be self-determination for the people of the Turkish empire. 13- Poland should be independent and given a coastline. 14- An international organization should be set up to deal with international incidents and disputes (therefore avoiding war), the League of Nations.

How did imperialism lead to World War I?

As countries like Britain and France expanded their empires, it resulted in increased tensions among European countries.

Identify the Bolsheviks and their role in the Russian Revolution.

Bolsheviks are members of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party, which, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917) and became the dominant political power.

What was included in the Treaty of Versailles to show the Allied intent to punish the Central Powers?

Germany will accept full responsibility for the war

Compare the foreign policy of isolationism to interventionism.

Isolationism= don't get involved at all, purposely ignore affairs. Internationalism= get involved in everything, purposely try to control affairs.

How did Russia's participation in World War I affect its empire?

It destroyed public confidence, started a revolution that brought down the Russian monarchy, and ended Russian participation in World War I.

What was Slavic nationalism and how did it contribute to World War I?

It was this pan-Slavic nationalism that inspired the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914, an event that led directly to the outbreak of World War I.

How did militarism lead to World War I?

Military power and arms race led to fear and suspicion. All Great Powers had large standing armies, except Britain, this made citizens feel loyal, and made others feel unsafe.

What argument did many Senate opponents of the Versailles Treaty make about United States membership in the League of Nations?

Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge and other Republicans opposed joining the League of Nations because they did not want the US to be pulled into more international conflicts where American soldiers would have to fight for the interests of other countries.

Why were the soviets that were set up all over Russia after the March Revolution significant?

Soviets were controlled by Bolsheviks and the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government after March Revolution, when Lenin returned to Russia

How did U.S. participation in WWI impact U.S. foreign policy in the decade after the war?

The United States became isolationist in its diplomatic and political relations. placed limitations on freedoms of speech and press. The US wanted to remain militarily and politically neutral.

How did the Zimmerman telegram influence the American government's decision to enter the war on the side of the Allied forces?

The Zimmermann Telegram helped turn the U.S. public, already angered by repeated German attacks on U.S. ships, firmly against Germany. On April 2, President Wilson, who had initially sought a peaceful resolution to World War I, urged immediate U.S. entrance into the war.

What event can be described as the catalyst that began WWI in 1914?

The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914)

Explain why the situation in the Balkans region was known as the "Powder Keg of Europe"

The continuing collapse of the Ottoman Empire coincided with the rise of nationalism in the Balkans, which led to increased tensions and conflicts in the region. This "powder keg" was thus a major catalyst for the outbreak of World War I.

How did the US soldiers affect World War I?

The impact of the United States joining the war was significant. The additional firepower, resources, and soldiers of the U.S. helped to tip the balance of the war in favor of the Allies. When war broke out in 1914, the United States had a policy of neutrality.

Why was the Triple Entente formed in 1907? What countries were involved?

The objective of the alliance was to encourage co-operation against the perceived threat of Germany. Three years later, Russia, who feared the growth in the German Army, joined Britain and France to form the Triple Entente.

Explain how the sinking of the Lusitania impacted US involvement in the war.

The sinking of Lusitania didn't directly cause the United States to enter the war. It did, however, fuel virulent anti-German sentiment in Britain and the United States and hinder diplomatic relations between Germany and the United States.

Whose support did Lenin gain when he promised: "Peace, Land, Bread" in 1917?

to gain popular support to overthrow the government

Explain how the alliance system led to World War I?

The alliance system caused the World War I to escalate from a regional conflict into a global war. Two major alliances existed in Europe prior to World War I. Austria and Serbia were allied with Germany and Russia respectively, leading Germany and Russia to declare war on each other.

What were the causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917?

Economically, widespread inflation and food shortages in Russia contributed to the revolution. Militarily, inadequate supplies, logistics, and weaponry led to heavy losses that the Russians suffered during World War I; this further weakened Russia's view of Nicholas II. They viewed him as weak and unfit to rule.

How did propaganda impact WW I?

From the beginning of World War I, both sides of the conflict used propaganda to shape international opinion. The newspapers, books, and cartoons produced, were an attempt to influence both neutral and enemy countries.

How did Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare impact United States foreign policy?

Germany broke its promise to the United States to stop attacking passenger ships. German leaders knew America entering the war would increase the strength of Allied Powers.

What nation-state was formed following World War I based on the ideas of self-determination?

Poland

How did industrialization impact the events leading up to the Russian Revolution?

Rapid industrialization caused discontent among the people, the growth of factories brought new problems, poor working conditions, really low wages, child labor, outlawed trade unions. War and revolution destroyed the Russian economy.

Describe the impact of new technology on warfare in WW I.

The new technologies led to trench warfare and the lack of new tactics led to massive slaughter at the hands of the new technology. The machine gun and the tank were new technologies that influenced WW1 the most. The machine gun lengthened the war and forced it to become a trench war.

Describe Russia under Lenin's rule.

Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Soviet Communist Party.

Why did US President Wilson try to gain public support for the Treaty of Versailles?

Wilson called for an end to secret diplomacy, a reduction of armaments, and freedom of the seas. He claimed that reductions to trade barriers, fair adjustment of colonies, and respect for national self-determination would reduce economic and nationalist sentiments that lead to war.

Why did US President Wilson change his mind to support American involvement in WW I?

Wilson could not keep America out of war so they fought on the side of the Allies. Germany kept on being aggressive, ships invading Belgium, etc. This made America join the British.

How did economic interests impact American entry into WWI?

World War I took the United States out of a recession into a 44-month economic boom. U.S. exports to Europe increased as those countries geared up for war. Later, U.S. spending increased as it prepared to enter the war itself.