HIV/AIDS Hinkle Ch 32
A nurse is caring for a 25-year-old client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has small, painless purplish-red spots on the lower extremities. How should the nurse advise the client to cleanse these lesions to reduce the risk of secondary infection? A. Use a povidone-iodine solution when cleaning the spots B. Wash the spots with mild soap placed in a pump dispenser C. Rub spots using a warm washcloth D. Cleanse the spots with warm water every other day
B. Wash the spots with mild soap placed in a pump dispenser
In an adult client, which stage of HIV infection is indicated when the results are more than 500 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm? CDC stage 1: Acute HIV infection CDC stage 0: Early infection CDC stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy) CDC stage 3: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
CDC stage 1: Acute HIV infection
A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and has HIV. Which of the following procedures should the nurse identify as being safe for this client? (Select all that apply.) A. Vacuum extraction B. Oxytocin infusion C. Use of forceps D. Cesarean birth E. Internal fetal monitoring
B. Oxytocin infusion D. Cesarean birth
The nurse is preparing to nasotracheally suction a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has had blood-tinged sputum with previous suctioning. The nurse plans to use which items as part of standard precautions for this client? 1.Gloves, gown, and mask 2.Gown, mask, and protective eyewear 3.Gloves, gown, and protective eyewear 4.Gloves, gown, mask, and protective eyewear
Gloves, gown, mask, and protective eyewear
A nurse is counseling a client who is HIV positive on her initial prenatal visit. Which of the following should the nurse include in teaching the client? A. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be discontinued during pregnancy. B. Breastfeeding is contraindicated for mothers who are HIV positive. C. Intramuscular influenza vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy. D. The newborn develops antibodies to HIV in utero and will not require treatment.
B. Breastfeeding is contraindicated for mothers who are HIV positive.
A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis? Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity Stool specimen for ova and parasites Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus Blood specimen for electrolyte studies
Stool specimen for ova and parasites
A CD4 T-cell count is measured in a client newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In planning care, the nurse understands that which is accurate regarding the CD4 T-cell count? Select all that apply. 1.Falls in response to a declining viral load 2.Is a primary marker of immunocompetence 3.Plays a role in the cell-mediated immune response 4.Is a direct measure of the magnitude of HIV replication 5.Guides decision making regarding timing of initiation of treatment
2.Is a primary marker of immunocompetence 3.Plays a role in the cell-mediated immune response 5.Guides decision making regarding timing of initiation of treatment
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has stage 3 HIV. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding? A. "I will wear gloves while changing the litter box." B. "I will rinse raw fruits with water before eating them." C. "I will wear a mask around family members who are ill." D. "I will cook vegetables before eating them.
D. "I will cook vegetables before eating them.
A nurse is admitting an adolescent who has severely symptomatic HIV. Which of the following findings might the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Kaposi's sarcoma B. Pneumonitis C. Encephalopathy D. Pulmonary candidiasis E. Swollen lymph nodes
A. Kaposi's sarcoma C. Encephalopathy D. Pulmonary candidiasis
A nurse is caring for a 33-year-old client who is suspected to have human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection. Which of the following precautions should the nurse institute when caring for this client? A. Standard precautions B. Contact precautions C. Airborne precautions D. Medical handwashing
A. Standard precautions
A nurse is caring for a client with suspected HIV. Which of the following diagnostic tests and laboratory values are used to confirm HIV infection (select all that apply)? A. Western blot B. Indirect immunofluorescence assay C. CD4+ T‑lymphocyte count D. HIV RNA quantification test E. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
A. Western blot B. Indirect immunofluorescence assay
A nurse is caring for a 40-year-old male client who was diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The client has developed Kaposi's sarcoma. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action in caring for the lesions associated with this condition? A. Apply antibiotic ointment as prescribed B. Apply topical corticosteroid cream as prescribed C. Cleanse the areas and keep dry D. Place sterile, saline-soaked gauze over the lesions
C. Cleanse the areas and keep dry
A nurse is assessing a client who has HIV. Which finding should the nurse identify as a manifestation of HIV-associated muscle wasting? A. Unintentional weight loss of 15% of body weight in 6 months B. Fecal impaction C. Diminished strength D. Report of increased fat gain on the back of the neck
C. Diminished strength
A nurse is planning an educational session about HIV for newly licensed nurses. Which of the following information should the nurse include about HIV transmission? A. Primarily transmitted through casual contact. B. Primarily transmitted through a wound caused by an accident. C. Primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. D. Primarily transmitted through eating raw meat.
C. Primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids
The nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and detects early infection with Pneumocystis jiroveci by monitoring the client for which clinical manifestation? 1.Fever 2.Cough 3.Dyspnea at rest 4.Dyspnea on exertion
Cough
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has stage 2 HIV infection and is having difficulty maintaining a normal weight. Which of the following client statements indicates understanding? A. "I will choose a diet high in fat to gain weight." B. "I will be sure to eat 3 large meals daily." C. "I will drink up to 1 liter of liquid each day." D. "I will add high‑protein foods to my diet."
D. "I will add high‑protein foods to my diet."
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. What type of infection will the nurse most likely suspect? Cytomegalovirus Mycobacterium avium complex Legionella Pneumocystis jiroveci
Pneumocystis jiroveci
A nurse is collecting objective data for a client with AIDS. The nurse observes white plaques in the client's oral cavity, on the tongue, and buccal mucosa. What does this finding indicate? candidiasis Kaposi's sarcoma hairy leukoplakia coccidioidomycosis
candidiasis
A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with positive results twice. The next step for the nurse to explain to the client for confirmation of the diagnosis is to perform a: Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis. polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation of diagnosis. T4-cell count for confirmation of diagnosis. p24 antigen test for confirmation of diagnosis.
Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, an initial HIV screening test, is positive when there are sufficient HIV antibodies; it also is positive when there are antibodies from other infectious diseases. The test is repeated if results are positive. If results of a second ELISA test are positive, the Western blot is performed. The p24 antigen test and the polymerase chain reaction test determine the viral load, and the T4-cell count is not used for diagnostic confirmation of the presence of HIV in the blood.
